STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF

THE CELL
WHAT IS CELL?

◼Cell- is the basic unit of life.

◼Almost all cells cannot be seen with the naked
eye, and it was the invention of the microscope
in the 16 century that paved the way for the
th

discovery of the cell.

 MICROSCOPY AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE CELL
◼Robert Hooke – an English scientist and a mechanical genius who pioneered in
microscopic research.
◼His greatest discoveries was the cell which looked like small monastery rooms
hence the name is cell.
◼Antonie van Leeuwenhoek – Through his microscope, he made pioneering
discoveries on protozoa, red blood cells, capillary systems, and the life cycle of
insects.
◼Matthias Scleiden – discovered that all plants are composed of cells.
◼Theodor Schwann – discovered that all animals are also made up of cells.
The cell which looked like small monastery rooms hence the
name is cell.
ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK
MATTHIAS SCLEIDEN
THEODOR SCHWANN
CELL THEORY
Guess What?
Direction: Complete the three basic components of
the cell theory by arranging these words in proper
order.
1. LIVING OF CELLS OR ONE ALL MORE THINGS
COMPOSED ARE
CELL THEORY

2. IS UNIT BASIC CELL LIFE OF THE

3. FROM ARISE CELLS PRE-EXISTING
CELLS ALL
CELL THEORY
1.All living organisms are made up of one or
more cells.
2.Cells comprise the smallest functional unit of
life
3.Cells come only from pre-existing cell.
◼What are the two types of Cell?
CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
2 types of cell
1.Prokaryotic cell
oBacteria cell
1.Eukaryotic cell
oPlant cell
oAnimal cell
CELL STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS

◼Prokaryotic cell
- Lack of nuclear envelope and membrane
bound organelles.
BACTERIA CELL
BACTERIA CELL
PARTS OF PROKARYOTIC CELL
1. capsule – a sticky outer layer that provides protection
2. Cell wall - a structure that confers rigidity and shape to the cell.
3. Plasma membrane – serves as permeability barrier
4. Plasmid – a genetic material
5. Nucleoid – a DNA – containing region within the cytoplasm
6. Cytoplasm – the region where chromosomes (DNA), ribosomes
7. Ribosome – the site where protein is synthesized
8. Pili – a hair-like appendage that functions in adhesion
9. Flagellum – facilitates movement of bacteria.
 CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

▪ Eukaryotic cell
- Are generally larger and have very distinct
nuclei that are clearly surrounded by nuclear
membranes.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL

CELL MEMBRANE – regulates the entrance and exit of substances into the
cell.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL

2. CYTOPLASM – all the materials in the cell that surround the nucleus.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC
CELL
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM – a network of intercommunicating
channels in the cytoplasm.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL

RIBOSOME – protein synthesis

 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL
5.GOLGI APPARATUS – composed of cristae and vesicles filed with
fluid and suspended substances. It is responsible for processing,
packaging, and sorting of secretory materials outside the cell.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL
MITOCHONDRION – is sometimes referred to as the powerhouse of the
cell.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL
LYSOSOMES – are small, spherical, membrane bound organelles which
contain a number enzymes for intracellular digestion. Sometimes
referred as suicide bag.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL

NUCLEUS – directs all the activities of the cell.

 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL (PLANT CELL)
1. CELL WALL – is the outermost, rigid covering of plant cells.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL (PLANT CELL)
VACUOLES – are larger an more centrally located in plant cell than in animal
cells. Store enzymes and waste products.
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL (PLANT CELL)
PLASTIDS/CHLOROPLAST – abound in plant cells. They carry out the
photosynthetic function in plants.