PHIÊN MÃ

& DỊCH MÃ
Nguyễn Duy
Cường
I. PHIÊN MÃ
1. Khái niệm:
Phiên mã là quá trình truyền thông tin di truyền từ
phân tử ADN mạch kép sang phân tử ARN mạch đơn.

AD AR
N N

3
Big concept

4
 2. cấu trúc & chức năng của các
loại arn :
Các loại ARN Chức năng Cấu trúc

ARN thông Mạch thẳng, chứa các bộ ba mã hoá Làm khuôn tổng hợp
tin (cođon) chuỗi pôlipeptit
(mARN)
Đầu 3’ có vị trí gắn axit amin, sự bắt Vận chuyển axit
ARN vận chuyển cặp cục bộ hình thành 3 thuỳ, trong amin tới ribô xôm để
(tARN) đó 1 thuỳ chứa bộ ba đối mã. dịch mã.

ARN Các Nu tại nhiều vùng liên kết bổ Kết hợp với prôtêin
sung với nhau tạo thành các vùng hình thành ribôxôm
ribôxôm xoắn kép cục bộ. – nơi tổng hợp
5
(rARN) prôtêin
 3. CƠ CHẾ PHIÊN MÃ

Vị Thành Diễn biến

trí phần  Phân tử ADN tháo xoắn để lộ
mạch mã gốc. ARN tổng hợp
 ADN khuôn liên tục theo chiều 5’ 3’.
 Nhân sơ: tế bào  Các loại Nu tự do: A,  Nguyên tắc: Bổ sung.
chất U, G, X  Kết quả: sau 1 lần phiên mã,
 Nhân thực:  Enzim ARN từ mạch gốc của gen tổng
nhân pôlimeraza hợp được 1 phân tử ARN.

6
II. DỊCH MÃ
 CƠ CHẾ dịch MÃ
Vị Thành Diễn biến
trí phần
 Axit amin được hoạt hoá và vận
chuyển
Quotations are commonly printed as ađến ribôxôm nhờ tARN.
means of inspiration and to invoke
 mARN, philosophical
tARN,  from
thoughts Ribôxôm
the dịch chuyển trên mARN
 Tế bào chất ri6bôxôm. reader. theo chiều 5’  3’ qua từng bộ ba,
 Các loại axit amin tự chuỗi pôlopeptit được kéo dài.
do.  Ribôxôm tiếp tục dịch chuyển đến
Enzim. mã kết thúc trên mARN, dịch mã
hoàn tất.
 Sau khi vừa tổng hợp xong, axit
8 amin mở đầu tách khỏi chuỗi
 This is a slide title

■ Here you have a list of items

■ And some text
■ But remember not to overload your slides
with content

Your audience will listen to you or read the

content, but won’t do both.

9
 In two or three columns

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of
butter and ripe clear sky and the blood, and because
lemons. In the deep sea. It is of this it has
spectrum of visible located between historically been
light, yellow is violet and green on associated with
found between the optical sacrifice, danger
green and orange. spectrum. and courage.

10
 A picture is worth a
thousand words

A complex idea can be

conveyed with just a
single still image,
namely making it
possible to absorb large
amounts of data quickly.

11
 Want big impact?
Use big image.

12
 Use charts to explain your ideas

White Gray Black

13
 And tables to compare data

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

14
 Maps

our office

15
 89,526,124
Whoa! That’s a big number,
aren’t you proud?

16
 89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money

185,244 users
And a lot of users

100%
Total success!

17
 Our process is easy

First Second Last

18
 Let’s review some concepts
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is found
between green and orange.
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is found
between green and orange.
19
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is located
between violet and green on the
optical spectrum.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is located
between violet and green on the
optical spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
 You can copy&paste graphs from
Google Sheets

20
 Android project
Show and explain your
web, app or software
projects using these
gadget templates.

Place your screenshot here

21
 Android project real
photo
Show and explain your
web, app or software
projects using these
gadget templates.

22
 iPhone project
Show and explain your
web, app or software
projects using these
gadget templates.

Place your screenshot here

23
 iPhone project real
photo
Show and explain your
web, app or software
projects using these
gadget templates.

24
 Tablet project
Show and explain your
web, app or software
projects using these
gadget templates.

Place your screenshot here

25
 Desktop project
Show and explain your
web, app or software
projects using these
gadget templates.

Place your screenshot here

26
 Thanks!

Any questions?
You can find me at @username and user@mail.me

27
 Credits

Special thanks to all the people who made and released these
awesome resources for free:
■ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
■ Photographs by Death to the Stock Photo (license)
■ Diverse device hand photos by Facebook Design Resources

28
 Presentation design
This presentation uses the following typographies and colors:
■ Titles: Arvo
■ Body copy: Muli
You can download the fonts on these pages:
https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/muli
https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/arvo

Dark gray #4d778a Medium gray #7198a9 Light gray #cedbe0

Salmon #faa99c Sand #edc67b Lime #b0d85b
Sky #37a9dd

You don’t need to keep this slide in your presentation. It’s only here to serve you as a design guide if you need to
create new slides or download the fonts to edit the presentation in PowerPoint®
29
SlidesCarnival icons are editable
shapes.

This means that you can:

● Resize them without losing
quality.
● Change line color, width
and style.

Isn’t that nice? :)

Examples:

30
 � Now you can use any emoji as an icon!
And of course it resizes without losing quality and you can change the color.

How? Follow Google instructions

�
https://twitter.com/googledocs/status/730087240156643328

✋👆👉👍👤👦👧👨👩👪💃
🏃💑❤😂😉😋😒😭👶😸🐟
🍒🍔💣📌📖🔨🎃🎈🎨🏈🏰
🌏🔌🔑 and many more...
31
 Free templates for all your presentation needs

For PowerPoint and 100% free for personal or Ready to use, professional Blow your audience away
Google Slides commercial use and customizable with attractive visuals

32