Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definition
1. Metallic
2. Ionic
3. Covalent
Metallic Bonds
Opposites attract.
Ionic Bonds
Formed when electrons are transferred
between atoms.
Ionic Bonds: Metals and Non-metals
Na Cl
Has one valence Has 7 valence
electron, wants electrons, needs
to get rid of it so one more to
that its valence have a full
shell is full valence shell This reactions makes sodium
chloride or table salt.
Na+1[ Cl ]-1
See the reaction
H2 F2 Cl2
H 2O NH3 CH4
Practice on your own …
Covalently Bonded-Molecular
Cmpds
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
+1
+1
Polar Molecule
A molecule that is polar (also known as
a dipole) is asymmetrical which results
in an uneven distribution of charge
throughout the entire molecule.
Ex:
H2O which has a bent shape and is
assymetrical
Molecule Polarity
Non-Polar Molecules
A molecule that is non-polar is
symmetrical in shape which results in an
even distribution of charge.
Ex
CH4 which is tetrahedral symmetrical in
shape
Bond Polarity vs. Molecule
Polarity
Bond Polarity is based on the electronegativity
between the bonded atoms.
If they have different electronegativities (different
atoms) the bond must be polar.
If the have the same electronegativity (same atoms)
the bond must be non-polar
Molecule polarity is based on the shape symmetry
of the entire molecule.
If the molecule has a shape that is symmetrical then
the charge distribution is even and the molecule is
non-polar.
If the molecule has a shape that is asymmetrical then
the charge distribution is uneven and the molecule
is polar.
Shapes of Molecules
CO2
Shapes Continued
CH4
Shapes Continued
HCl
Shapes Continued
NH3
Shapes Continued
H2O
Summary of Shapes
If the central atom has ... the shape is example
Properties:
High melting point (strong bonds)
Electrically conductive ONLY when
dissolved in water or in liquid form (mobile
charged particles)
Water soluble (exceptions on Table F)
Relatively hard
Molecular Solids: Repeating particles
are atoms or molecules.
Examples: CO2, H2O, S8
Diagram:
Molecular Solids
Properties:
Relatively low MP and BP (based on
Intermolecular forces)
Soft
Non-conducting
Properties:
Very strong covalent bonds
Very high melting point
Very hard
Properties:
Some are hard, others are soft
Conduct electricity and heat
Malleable/ductile
insoluble