1 GROUP TWO

TOPIC: INFORMATION FLOW DESIGN

APPROACHES.
2
GROUP NAMES REG. NUMBERS:

•TAHLIL MOHAMED HASSAN 221-035053-21097

•ABDINOUR DAHIR HASSAN 221-035053-21099

•ABUBAKAR SAED OMER 221-035053-21089

•HAFSO SAID HAMUD 221-035053-21057

•ZAKARIA IBRAHIM HASSAN 221-035053-21093

•HADRAWI HUSSEIN JAMA 221-035053-23068

•ABDIRAHMAN ABDILAHI ABDALLE MOHAMED 221-035053-22975

•TULYATUNGA TWALIK 221-035053-23028

3 WE SHOULD ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS DURING THIS PRESENTATION:
What do we mean by information flow?
List common types of information flow?
What is the information flow process stages?
What is the information flow diagram?
Define a system design?
What is the design notations and its common types?
What does mean two common categories of approaches?
4
INFORMATION FLOW

Is the movement of information between people and

systems, Efficient and secure information flows are a
central factor in the performance of decision making,
processes, and communications.
5 COMMON TYPES OF
INFORMATION FLOW
• Publish / Subscribe • Orchestration
• Push • Event Handling
• Pull Systems • Communication
• Choreography • Knowledge
6 INFORMATION FLOW: PROCESSING
STAGES
In an information flow model, we distinguish discrete processing
stages. Although the following list is by no means complete, we can
characterize each information flow stage as one of these classes.
• Supply, representing external data suppliers provide
• Acquisition, representing the point at which existing data instances
are acquired
7 CONT..

• Transformation, representing the point where a data instance is

modified to conform to another processing stage’s expected
representative format
• Creation, the point at which new data instances are created
• Process, representing points at which system state is modified as
a result of input data
8 CONT..

• Store, in which a data instance is stored in a persistent system

• Packaging, in which data is collated, aggregated, and/or
summarized
• Switch/route, where a set of rules is used to determine where
and how to route data instances
9 Cont..

• Decision point, which is a point at which a data consumer

(real or automated) is solicited for a decision
• Deliver, the delivery point for data that is meant to be
consumed
• Consume, the presentation point for information presented by
the system
10 INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM (IFD)

• An information flow diagram (IFD) is an illustration of

information flow throughout an organization. An IFD
shows the relationship between external and internal
information flows between organizations. It also shows the
relationship between the internal departments, and sub-
systems.
11
12
DESIGN
• With a comprehensive list of requirements, the project team can begin the next
step in systems development, designing the new system. The purpose of this
phase is to devise the means to meet all the business requirements detailed in the
requirements report.
• System design is the process of defining the components, modules, interfaces,
and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. System development is the
process of creating or altering systems, along with the processes, practices,
models, and methodologies used to develop them
13
14
DESIGN NOTATIONS
• Programmers use flow charts and structure diagrams to help design how their
programs will operate and how data will flow through their software. In
another word; design notations are used when planning and should be able to
communicate the purpose of a program without the need for formal code.
Commonly used design notations are:
 flow charts
 structure diagrams
15  FLOW CHARTS
• Flow charts show what is going on in a program and
how data flows around it. Flow charts can represent
everyday processes, show decisions taken and the result
of these decisions.
16
17  DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
• A data flow diagram (DFD) illustrates how data is processed by a
system in terms of inputs and outputs. As its name indicates its focus is
on the flow of information, where data comes from, where it goes and
how it gets stored.
• Data-flow diagrams provide a graphical representation of the system
that aims to be accessible to computer specialist and non-specialist
users.
18
 THE BENEFITS OF DATA-FLOW DIAGRAMS
19
• Data-flow diagrams provide a very important tool for software engineering, for a
number of reasons:
• The system scope and boundaries are clearly indicated on the diagrams (more will be
described about the boundaries of systems and each DFD later in this chapter).
• The technique of decomposition of high level data-flow diagrams to a set of more
detailed diagrams, provides an overall view of the complete system, as well as a more
detailed breakdown and description of individual activities, where this is appropriate,
for clarification and understanding.
• Note Use-case diagrams also provide a partition of a software-system into those things
which are inside the system and those things which are outside of the system.
20 DIFERENT BETWEEN DFD AND
CHARTFLOW

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM CHARTFLOW

1. DFD presents the flow of data.
2. DFD define the functionality of a
system.
3. DFD are used to describe the path of
data that will complete that process.
1. Flowchart presents steps to
complete a process.
2. Flowchart shows how to make a
system function.
3. Flowchart are used in designing a
process.
21 APPROACHES IN GENERAL, THE FIELD CAN BE

divided into technical and behavioral approaches.

• Technical Approach: The technical approach to information systems
emphasizes
mathematically based models to study information systems, as well as
the physical technology and formal capabilities of these systems. The
disciplines that contribute to the technical approach are computer
science, management science, and operations research.
22
Cont..
Operations research focuses on mathematical techniques for
optimizing selected parameters of organizations, such as
transportation, inventory control, and transaction costs.
• Behavioral Approach: An important part of the information
systems field is concerned with behavioral issues that arise in
the development and long-term maintenance of information
23
CONCLUSION
Flowcharts and Data-flow diagrams can be a powerful tool
for not only making business decisions but to be used by
accounting in many different areas. The simple symbols
used make it easy to follow the flow of the charts to
understand how decisions are reached or processed.