2.

Cloud Services

BY M AYA P I S A L .
Cloud Services
2.1 What are Cloud Services

2.2 Types of Cloud Services

• IaaS
• PaaS
• SaaS
2.3 Virtual Machine
2.4 Containers
2.5 Storage Services
2.6 Networking
2.7 CIDR
2.8 Subnets

2.9 Use Cases

Layers of Cloud Computing
Layers of Cloud Computing: Front End

• Used by the client

• Contains all the client side interfaces that are
required to access the cloud platform.
• The front end includes web servers (including
Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat
clients, tablets, and mobile devices.
 Layers of Cloud Computing: Back End
• The back end is used by the service provider.
• It manages all the resources that are required
to provide cloud computing services.
• It includes a huge amount of data storage,
security mechanism, virtual machines,
deploying models, servers, traffic control
mechanisms, etc.
Cloud Infrastructure

•Hardware
Cloud computing is accessed by a set of virtual
hosts that represent a preconfigured set of
physical hardware components.
• Storage
Platform and storage system is a critical component of the cloud
infrastructure stack. Cloud data centers store data across a variety
of storage types and devices, keep backups, and scale storage
allocation among users.
• Network
The network is the communications channel that enables
information to travel between backend cloud systems and front-end
client devices.
• Virtualization
The cloud service is decoupled from its hardware resources such as
computing power and storage using virtualization or other
software-defined computing architecture. The hardware
functionality is emulated within a software system—users get
access to a virtual version of hardware resources such as platform,
processing, storage, and networking.
What Is Cloud Infrastructure Management?
• Cloud infrastructure management comprises the processes
and tools needed to effectively allocate and deliver key
resources when and where they are required.
• The UI, or dashboard, is a good example of such a tool;
it acts as a control panel for provisioning, configuring
and managing cloud infrastructure.
• Cloud infrastructure management is useful in delivering
cloud services to both:
 Internal users, such as developers or any other roles
that consume cloud resources.
 External users, such as customers and business
partners.
Cloud Computing Models
Deployment models/Types of cloud
Types Of Cloud : Analogy
 Public Cloud
• The public cloud refers to the cloud computing model in which IT
services are delivered via the internet.
• As the most popular model of cloud computing services, the public
cloud offers vast choices in terms of solutions and computing
resources to address the growing needs of organizations of all sizes
and verticals.
• The defining features of a public cloud solution include:
 High elasticity and scalability
 A low-cost subscription-based pricing tier

• Services on the public cloud may be free, premium, or subscription-

based, wherein you’re charged based on the computing resources
you consume.
Public Cloud Providers
 Advantages Of Public Cloud
• No CapEx. No investments required to deploy and maintain
the IT infrastructure.
• Technical agility. High scalability and flexibility to meet
unpredictable workload demands.
• Business focus. The reduced complexity and requirements
on in-house IT expertise is minimized, as the cloud vendor
is responsible for infrastructure management.
• Affordability. Flexible pricing options based on different
SLA(Service Level Agreement) offerings
• Cost agility. The cost agility allows organizations to follow
lean growth strategies and focus their investments on
innovation projects
Drawbacks Of Public Cloud
• Lack of cost control. The total cost of ownership (TCO)
can rise exponentially for large-scale usage, specifically
for midsize to large enterprises.

• Lack of security. Public cloud is the least secure, by nature,

so it isn’t best for sensitive mission- critical IT workloads.

• Minimal technical control. Low visibility and control into

the infrastructure may not meet your compliance needs.
Public Cloud Use Cases
Private Cloud
• The private cloud refers to any cloud solution dedicated for use by a single
organization.
• In the private cloud, you’re not sharing cloud computing resources
with any other organization.
• The data centre resources may be located on-premise or operated by a third-
party vendor off- site.
• The computing resources are isolated and delivered via a secure private
network, and not shared with other customers.
• Private cloud is customizable to meet the unique business and
security needs of the organization.
• With greater visibility and control into the infrastructure, organizations
can operate compliance-sensitive IT workloads without compromising on
the security and performance previously only achieved with dedicated
on-premise data centres.
Advantages Of Private Cloud
• Exclusive environments. Dedicated and secure environments
that cannot be accessed by other organizations.
• Custom security. Compliance to stringent regulations as
organizations can run protocols, configurations, and measures to
customize security based on unique workload requirements
• Scalability without trade-offs. High scalability and efficiency to
meet unpredictable demands without compromising on security and
performance
• Efficient performance. The private cloud is reliable for high SLA
performance and efficiency.
• Flexibility. The private cloud is flexible as you transform the
infrastructure based on ever- changing business and IT needs of
the organization.
 Drawbacks Of Private Cloud
• Price. The private cloud is an expensive solution with a
relatively high TCO compared to public cloud alternatives,
especially for short-term use cases.

• Mobile difficulty. Mobile users may have limited access to the

private cloud considering the high security measures in place.

• Scalability depends. The infrastructure may not offer high

scalability to meet unpredictable demands if the cloud data
center is limited to on-premise computing resources
 Private Cloud Use Cases
1. Highly regulated industries and government
agencies

2. Sensitive data

3. Companies that require strong control and security over their IT

workloads and the underlying infrastructure

4. Large enterprises that require advanced data centre technologies to

operate efficiently and cost-effectively

5. Organizations that can afford to invest in high performance and

 Hybrid Cloud
• The hybrid cloud is any cloud infrastructure environment that
combines both public and private cloud solutions.
• The resources are typically orchestrated as an integrated
infrastructure environment.
• Apps and data workloads can share the resources between
public and private cloud deployment based on organizational
business and technical policies around aspects like:
 Security
 Performance
 Scalability
 Cost
 Efficiency
 Hybrid Cloud
• This is a common example of hybrid cloud: Organizations can use
private cloud environments for their IT workloads and complement
the infrastructure with public cloud resources to accommodate
occasional spikes in network traffic.
• Or, perhaps you use the public cloud for workloads and data that
aren’t sensitive, saving cost, but opt for the private cloud for
sensitive data.
• As a result, access to additional computing capacity does not
require the high CapEx of a private cloud environment but is
delivered as a short-term IT service via a public cloud solution.
• The environment itself is seamlessly integrated to ensure optimum
performance and scalability to changing business needs.
Advantages Of Hybrid Cloud
• Policy-driven option. Flexible policy-driven deployment to
distribute workloads across public and private infrastructure
environments based on security, performance, and cost
requirements.
• Scale with security. Scalability of public cloud environments is
achieved without exposing sensitive IT workloads to the
inherent security risks.
• Reliability. Distributing services across multiple data centers, some
public, some private, results in maximum reliability.
• Cost control. Improved security posture as sensitive IT workloads
run on dedicated resources in private clouds while regular
workloads are spread across inexpensive public cloud
infrastructure to tradeoff for cost investments
 Drawbacks Of Hybrid Cloud
• Price. Toggling between public and private can be hard to track,
resulting in wasteful spending.
• Management. Strong compatibility and integration is required
between cloud infrastructure spanning different locations and
categories. This is a limitation with public cloud deployments, for
which organizations lack direct control over the infrastructure.
• Added complexity. Additional infrastructure complexity is
introduced as organizations operate and manage an evolving mix of
private and public cloud architecture.
Hybrid Cloud Providers
 HYBRID CLOUD USE CASES
• Organizations serving multiple verticals facing different IT
security, regulatory, and performance requirements
• Optimizing cloud investments without compromising on the
value that public or private cloud technologies can deliver
• Improving security on existing cloud solutions such as SaaS
offerings that must be delivered via secure private networks
• Strategically approaching cloud investments to continuously
switch and trade-off between the best cloud service delivery
model available in the market
Comparison : Deployment Models
Service Models :
Overview
 Software as a Service (SaaS)
• SaaS allows people to use cloud-based web applications.
• Email services such as Gmail and Hotmail are examples of cloud-
based SaaS services.
• Other examples of SaaS services are office tools (Office 365 and
Google Docs), customer relationship management software
(Salesforce), event management software (Planning Pod), and so on.
• SaaS services are usually available with a pay-as-you-go (which
means subscription) pricing model.
• All software and hardware are provided and managed by a vendor, so
you don’t need to install or configure anything.
• The application is ready to go as soon as you get your login and
password.
• Perfect for: end users
Software as a Service
(SaaS)
SaaS Providers
Advantages of SaaS

1. Easy to Buy
2. One to many
3. Less hardware required
4. Low maintenance required
5. No special software or hardware versions required
6. Multidevice support
7. API Integration
8. No Client side installation
Disadvantages of SaaS
1. Security
2. Latency Issue
3. Dependency on internet
4. Switching between SaaS vendors is difficult
 Platform as a Service
•(PaaS)
PaaS refers to cloud platforms that provide runtime environments
for developing, testing, and managing applications.
• Software developers can deploy applications, from simple to
sophisticated, without needing all the related infrastructure
(servers, databases, operating systems, development tools, etc).
• Examples of PaaS services are Heroku and Google App Engine.
• PaaS vendors supply a complete infrastructure for application
development, while developers are in charge of the code.
• Just like SaaS, Platform as a Service solutions are available with a
pay-as-you-go pricing model.
• Perfect for: software developers
Platform as a Service
(PaaS)
PaaS Providers
Advantages of PaaS

1. Simplified Development
2. Lower Risk
3. Prebuilt Business functionality
4. Instant Community
5. Scalaility
Disadvantages of PaaS
1. Vendor Lock-in
2. Data Privacy
3. Integration with the rest of the systems
applications
Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)
• IaaS is a cloud service that provides basic computing
infrastructure: servers, storage, and networking resources.
• In other words, IaaS is a virtual data centre.
• IaaS services can be used for a variety of purposes, from hosting
websites to analysing big data.
• Clients can install and use whatever operating systems and tools they
like on the infrastructure they get.
• Major IaaS providers include Amazon Web Services, Microsoft
Azure, and Google Compute Engine.
• As with SaaS and PaaS, IaaS services are available on a pay-for-
what-you-use model.
• Perfect for: IT administrators
Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)
IaaS Providers
 Advantages of IaaS
1. Shared Infrastructure
2. We access to the resources
3. Pay as per use model
4. Focus on the core business
5. On demand scalability
Disadvantages of IaaS
1. Security
2. Maintenance and Upgrade
3. Interoperability Issues
Made At Home DIGIORNO Domino’s California Pizza Kitchen
Cloud Enabling Technologies

Broadband
Networks and Data Centre Virtualizatio
Internet Technology n
Architecture Technology

Multitenan
Web Technology Containerization
t
Technology
Broadband Networks and Internet
Architecture
• All clouds must be connected to a network.
• This requirement forms an inherent dependency on
internetworking.
• Internetworks, or the Internet, allow for the remote
provisioning of IT resources and are directly supportive of
ubiquitous network access.
• Cloud consumers have the option of accessing the cloud using
only private and dedicated network links in LANs, although
most clouds are Internet-enabled.
• The potential of cloud platforms therefore generally grows in
parallel with advancements in Internet connectivity and service
quality.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
• ISP network interconnects
to other ISP networks
and various organizations.
• Two fundamental
components used to
construct the
internetworking
architecture are
 connectionless packet
switching (datagram
networks) and
 router-based
interconnectivity.
Data Center Technology
• Grouping IT resources in close proximity with one another,
rather than having them geographically dispersed, allows for
power sharing, higher efficiency in shared IT resource usage,
and improved accessibility for IT personnel.
• These are the advantages that naturally popularized the data
center concept.
• Modern data centers exist as specialized IT infrastructure
used to house centralized IT resources, such as servers,
databases, networking and telecommunication devices, and
software systems.
Virtualization Technology
• Virtualization is the process of converting a physical IT resource
into a virtual IT resource.
• Most types of IT resources can be virtualized, including:
1. Servers – A physical server can be abstracted into a virtual server.
2. Storage – A physical storage device can be abstracted into a
virtual storage device or a virtual disk.
3. Network – Physical routers and switches can be abstracted into
logical network fabrics, such as VLANs.
4. Power – A physical UPS and power distribution units can be
abstracted into what are commonly referred to as virtual
UPSs.
Web Technology
• Due to cloud computing’s fundamental reliance on internetworking, Web
browser universality, and the ease of Web-based service development, Web
technology is generally used as both the implementation medium and the
management interface for cloud services.
• Three fundamental elements comprise the technology architecture of the Web:
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL) – A standard syntax used for creating
identifiers that point to Web-based resources, the URL is often structured
using a logical network location.
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – This is the primary communications
protocol used to exchange content and data throughout the World Wide
Web. URLs are typically transmitted via HTTP.
 Markup Languages (HTML, XML) – Markup languages provide a lightweight
means of expressing Web-centric data and metadata. The two primary
markup languages are HTML (which is used to express the presentation of
Web pages) and XML (which allows for the definition of vocabularies used to
associate meaning to Web-based data via metadata).
Web Technology
Multitenant Technology
• In cloud computing, multitenancy means that multiple customers of a
cloud vendor are using the same computing resources.
• Despite the fact that they share resources, cloud customers aren't aware
of each other, and their data is kept totally separate.
• Tenants can individually customize features of the application, such as:
 User Interface – Tenants can define a specialized “look and feel” for their application
interface.
 Business Process – Tenants can customize the rules, logic, and workflows of the
business processes that are implemented in the application.
 Data Model – Tenants can extend the data schema of the application to include,
exclude, or rename fields in the application data structures.
 Access Control – Tenants can independently control the access rights for users and
groups.
Multitenant Technology

Compute
Network
Storage
Virtualization in Cloud
Computingis the "creation of a virtual
Virtualization
(rather than actual) version of
something, such as a server, a desktop, a
storage device, an operating system or
network resources".
Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single physical
instance of a resource or an application among multiple customers
and organizations.

It does by assigning a logical name to a physical storage and

providing a pointer to that physical resource when demanded.

The machine on which the virtual machine is going to be build is

known as Host Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a
Guest Machine.
Virtualization: Example

Traditional Approach

Virtualization
Benefits of Virtualization
1. Flexibility: Organizations have the flexibility to share systems without
essentially having to share critical information or data across the systems.

2. Data Protection: They can prevent loss or damage to critical data, in cases
where the system is compromised owing to malicious activities.

3. Security against attacks: They have the ability to reduce the risk of multiple
attacks in case of an exposure by methodically isolating applications and virtual
machines.

4. Cost Effectiveness: It improves the physical security of organizations by

reducing hardware requirements, thereby leading to fewer data centers.

5. Better Access Control: A higher level of access control is offered to system and
network administrators, which separates responsibilities and improves the
system’s efficiency.
Virtualization Reference Model
Types of Virtualization
• Server Virtualization
The Server Virtualization is the division of the physical server into multiple
virtual servers for efficient utilization of server resources.

• Storage Virtualization
Storage virtualization pools all the storage devices as a single storage device
and presents it to the host. So, with this, the storage administrator will be able
to create or design logical storage units in a better way

• Operating System Virtualization

Kernel resources that get shared and allow isolated instances of namespaces to
exist with dedicated resources to run different applications. These instances
are called containers.

• Software Virtualization
Software virtualizations basically emulate a complete computer system and also
allows another Operating System to run on top of it.
What is a hypervisor?
oA hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM, is software
that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs).
oA hypervisor allows one host computer to support multiple guest VMs by
virtually sharing its resources, such as memory and processing.
oHypervisors make it possible to use more of a system’s available resources and
provide greater IT mobility since the guest VMs are independent of the host
hardware.
oThis means they can be easily moved between
different servers.
oBecause multiple virtual machines can run off of
one physical server with a hypervisor, a
hypervisor reduces:
◦Space
◦Energy
◦Maintenance requirements
 Types of Hypervisor
oA type 1 hypervisor/bare
metal hypervisor acts like a
lightweight operating system
and runs directly on the
host’s hardware
E.g. KVM(Kernel-based Virtual
Machine), Microsoft Hyper-V,
and VMware
oA type 2 hypervisor runs as a
software layer on an operating
system, like other computer
programs.
E.g. VMware
Workstation ,Oracle
VirtualBox
Characteristics of Hypervisors

Performance

Eco system

Management

Tools Live

Migration Cost
What is a virtual
machine?
1. A Virtual Machine (VM) is a compute resource that uses software
instead of a physical computer to run programs and deploy apps.
2. One or more virtual “guest” machines run on a physical “host”
machine.
3. Each virtual machine runs its own operating system and
functions separately from the other VMs, even when they are
all running on the same host.
4. This means that, for example, a virtual MacOS virtual machine
can run on a physical PC.
5. Virtual machine technology is used for many use cases across
on-premises and cloud environments.
6. More recently, public cloud services are using virtual machines
to provide virtual application resources to multiple users at
once, for even more cost efficient and flexible compute.
Process Virtual
1. These VMs are also known as
Machines
Application virtual machines,
Managed runtime
environments.
2. This type of VM runs as a
normal application inside the
host’s operating system,
supporting a single process.
3. It is created with the starting of
the process and is destroyed
when the process ends.
4. It is used to provide a platform-
independent programming
environment to the process,
allowing it to execute in the
same manner on any of the
other platforms.
5. E.g. VMware
 System Virtual Machines
 These types of VMs provide full
virtualization. Acting as the substitute for
the real machine, these will provide
functionalities to execute an entire
operating system.
 Hardware resources are shared and
managed, forming multiple environments
on the host system. These environments
are isolated from each other but exist on
the same physical host.
E.g. VirtualBox
 Container
spackages up code
 A container is a standard unit of software that
and all its dependencies so the
application runs quickly and reliably from one
computing environment to another
 Containers are packages of software that
contain all of the necessary elements to run in
any environment.
 In this way, containers virtualize the operating
system and run anywhere
 Containers are small, fast, and portable because
unlike a virtual machine, containers do not need
include a guest OS in every instance and can,
instead, simply leverage the features and resources
of the host OS.
 Ex. Docker, Kubernetes,
 Containerization
• Containerization is an operating system-level virtualization
technology used to deploy and run applications and cloud services
without the need to deploy a virtual server for each solution.
• Instead, they are deployed within containers.
• Using containers enables multiple isolated cloud services to run on
a single physical server or virtual server while accessing the same
operating system kernel.
• The operating system kernel allows for the existence of multiple
isolated user-space instances or multiple isolated runtimes known
as containers, partitions or virtual engines.
• Regardless of which runtime is used, when a cloud service
executes within a container, it is running on a real computer
from its point of view.
Virtual Machines Vs.
Containers
Benefits of containerization
oLightweight
oPortable and platform independent
oSeparation of responsibility
oApplication isolation
Grid computing
• Grid Computing can be defined as a network of computers working
together to perform a task that would rather be difficult for a single
machine.
• All machines on that network work under the same protocol to act
like a virtual supercomputer.
• The task that they work on may include analysing huge datasets or
simulating situations which require high computing power.
• Computers on the network contribute resources like processing
power and storage capacity to the network.
• It can also be seen as a form of Parallel Computing where instead of
many CPU cores on a single machine, it contains multiple cores
spread across various locations.
Grid computing
• Working:
A Grid computing network mainly
consists of these three types of
machines
• Control Node:
A computer, usually a server or
a group of servers which
administrates the whole
network and keeps the account
of the resources in the
network pool.
• Provider:
The computer which contributes
it’s resources in the network
resource pool.
• User:
The computer that uses the
resources on the network.
Cluster Computing
• Cluster computing is a collection of tightly or loosely connected computers that work together
so that they act as a single entity.
• The connected computers execute operations all together thus creating the idea of a single
system. The clusters are generally connected through fast local area networks (LANs)
S.N
O
Cloud Computing Grid Computing

Cloud computing is a Client-server While it is a Distributed computing

1. architecture.
computing architecture.
2. Cloud computing is a centralized While grid computing is a decentralized
executive. executive.
In cloud computing, resources While in grid computing, resources are
3. used in collaborative pattern.
are used in centralized pattern.
4. It is more flexible than grid While it is less flexible than cloud
computing. computing.
5. In cloud computing, the users pay for While in grid computing, the users do not
the use. pay for use.
6. Cloud computing is a high accessible While grid computing is a low accessible
service. service.
It is highly scalable as compared to While grid computing is low scalable in
7. grid computing. comparison to cloud computing.
8. It can be accessed through standard While it is accessible through grid
web protocols. middleware.
Cloud Storage Services
Cloud storage service is a cloud computing service offering in which data can be
stored, edited and retrieved from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet
under a utility computing model.

• Cloud storage service, an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) service model,

delivers scalable, flexible and redundant storage capacity through Web services
API, online interfaces and thin client applications.
• Cloud storage service is also known as utility storage service and storage as a
service.
• Cloud storage service is provided, hosted and managed by the storage service
provider (SSP), and it works on the combination of storage servers, which are
designed on storage virtualization architecture.
• This technique allows a single storage server to create multiple logical and
virtual drives with scalable capacity and tight coupling. End users and
applications access the logical storage by the online management interface or
integrating vendor APIs with the application and are only billed for the storage
capacity metered.
Cloud storage services are delivered in public and hybrid
storage models.

 Public Cloud Storage:

1. It is a cloud storage model that enables individuals and

organizations alike to store, edit and manage data.
2. This type of storage exists on a remote cloud server and is
accessible over the internet under a subscription-based utility
billing method where the users pay only for the storage
capacity being used.
3. Public cloud storage is provided by a storage service provider
that hosts, manages and sources the storage infrastructure
publicly to many different users.
4. Public cloud storage service is also known as storage as a
service, utility storage and online storage.
 Private Cloud Storage:

1. It is a type of storage mechanism that stores an organization's

data at in-house storage servers by implementing cloud
computing and storage technology.
2. Private cloud storage is similar to public cloud storage in that it
provides the usability, scalability and flexibility of the storage
architecture.
3. But unlike public cloud storage, it is not publicly accessible and is
owned by a single organization and its authorized external
partners.
4. Private cloud storage is also known as internal cloud storage
Cloud Storage Pros/Cons
 Advantages of private cloud storage include high reliability and
security. But this approach to cloud storage provides limited
scalability and requires on-site resources and maintenance.
 Public cloud storage offers high scalability and a pay-as-you-go
model with no need for an on-premises storage infrastructure.
However, performance and security measures can vary by service
provider. In addition, reliability depends on service provider
availability and internet connectivity.
 Hybrid cloud storage offers the best of the private and public cloud
with high scalability and on-premises integration that adds more
layers of security. The result is better performance and reliability
because active content is cached locally. While a hybrid cloud tends
to be more costly than public storage, it is cheaper than private
cloud storage. Reliability can be an issue, as users must depend on
service provider availability and internet connectivity
Cloud Networking
Cloud networking uses the cloud a centralized third-party resource provider for
connectivity between network resources. Cloud networking acts as a
gatekeeper to applications.
you design, configure, manage, and fine-tune network resources in the cloud to
create simple, complex, and resilient networks. These cloud-based network
resources can include:
• Virtual routers • Virtual private networks (VPNs)
• Virtual firewalls • Data connectivity • Load balancers
• Virtual bridges • Virtual adapters
Cloud networks are flexible.
Cloud-based networking, network management software and physical hardware
are in the cloud. An example of this type of cloud network would be
interconnecting virtual machines for a client or organization.
Cloud-enabled networking combines traditional onsite network infrastructure
and cloud access. In this model, the primary network infrastructure remains
remote while the network’s overall management is done in the cloud.
Benefits Of Cloud Networking
 Lower cost: Without the need to buy and maintain expensive servers and
hardware resources, companies save on capital costs.
 Minimum downtime: The cloud provider handles all the updates related to the
cloud resources it offers. This means one less operational issue for network
teams to consider. In most instances, if there’s downtime, it’s communicated in
advance, allowing time for alternative solutions to be put in place.
 Scalability: With cloud networking, IT teams can assess business needs and
modify capacity as the needs arise. This is usually a seamless process in the
cloud but would usually lead to disruptions in the case of traditional networks.
 Productivity: With a service provider leading the maintenance, automatic
update, and testing of cloud networks, you’ll find the time spent on
administrative tasks is cut considerably. As a result, you can focus on other
technical requirements.
 Resilience and elasticity: Uptime and consistent performance have to be
factored in when planning the future of a computer network. Cloud
networking has proven to be resilient (when planned for) and ensures
continuity with the right provider.
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
 Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) is a set of Internet protocol
(IP) standards that is used to create unique identifiers for
networks and individual devices.
 The most important of these groups is the network address, and it
is used to identify a network or a sub-network (subnet).
 CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) also known as super netting
is a method of assigning Internet Protocol (IP) addresses that
improves the efficiency of address distribution and replaces the
previous system based on Class A, Class B and Class C networks
A subnet, or subnetwork, is a segmented piece of a larger network. More
specifically, subnets are a logical partition of an IP network into multiple, smaller
network segments. Each computer, or host, on the internet has at least one IP
address as a unique identifier.
Common advantages of sub netting include enhancing routing efficiency, network
management control, and improving network security
 Cloud Provisioning
oCloud provisioning refers to the processes for the
deployment and integration of cloud computing services
within an enterprise IT infrastructure.
oThis is a broad term that incorporates the policies, procedures
and an enterprise’s objective in sourcing cloud services and
solutions from a cloud service provider.
oThere are three different delivery models:
1. Dynamic/On-Demand Provisioning
2. User Provisioning
3. Post-Sales/Advanced Provisioning
Benefits of Cloud
provisioning
oScalability
oSpeed
oCost savings
Cloud provisioning tools and software
oOrganizations can manually provision whatever
resources and services they need, but public cloud
providers offer tools to provision multiple resources
and services:
◦AWS CloudFormation
◦Microsoft Azure Resource Manager
◦Google Cloud Deployment Manager
◦IBM Cloud Orchestrator
◦CloudBolt
 Provisioning in cloud context
oAmazon EC2 is a widely known example for vendors that provide
public cloud services.
oAlso, Eucalyptus and Open-Nebula are two complementary and
enabling technologies for open source cloud tools, which play an
invaluable role in infrastructure as a service and in building private,
public, and hybrid cloud architecture.
oEucalyptus is a system for implementing on-premise private and
hybrid clouds using the hardware and software’s infrastructure
oOpenNebula is a virtual infrastructure manager that
orchestrates storage, network, and virtualization technologies
Amazon EC2
o Amazon EC2 provides its customers with three flexible purchasing
models to make it easy for the cost optimization:
1. On-demand instances
2. Reserved instances
3. Spot instances
Eucalyptus
oInterface compatibility with EC2, and S3 (Simple Storage Service).
o Simple installation and deployment.
o Support for most Linux distributions
o Support for running VMs that run atop the Xen hypervisor or
KVM.
oSupport for other kinds of VMs, such as VMware, is targeted for
future releases.
oCloud administrator’s tool for system’s management and user’s
accounting.
oThe ability to configure multiple clusters each with private internal
network addresses into a single cloud
 OpenNebul
a
oOpenNebula is an open and flexible tool that fits into existing data
center’s environments to build any type of cloud deployment.
oOpenNebula can be primarily used as a virtualization tool to manage
your virtual infrastructure, which is usually referred to as private
cloud.
oOpenNebula supports a hybrid cloud to combine local
infrastructure with public cloud-based infrastructure, enabling
highly scalable hosting environments.
oOpenNebula also supports public clouds by providing cloud’s
interfaces to expose its functionality for virtual machine,
storage, and network management.
Thank You!!!