Introduction to Cloud Computing

Module 1
Syllabus
Contents
• What is cloud computing
• Components of cloud computing
• Characteristics of cloud computing
• Grid computing, Utility Computing, client-server model, P-to-P
• Key drives for cloud computing
• Types of cloud computing (Deployment models)
• Cloud computing service models
• Comparison of various CC service providers
• Impact of CC on business
• Cloud API
• CC vs virtualization
What is cloud computing

• Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand

network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)
[Mell_2009], [Berkely_2009].
• It can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
effort.
Components of Cloud Computing
• Client
• It is access Device or Software interface that user use to access cloud services.
• If client is hardware device, it comes with resources like processor, memory, OS, database,
middleware and applications to perform some user related tasks and processing.
• Three broad categories of clients:
• Mobile clients
• Thin clients- thin clients rely on a network connection for computing and don't do much
processing on the hardware itself. E.g. google docs, web applications, yahoo messenger.
• Thick clients- systems that connect to servers even without a network. Put simply, a thick client
does not rely on server applications since it can process, store and manage data, as well as
perform different tasks independently.
• Cloud Network
• It is connecting link between user and cloud services.
• Internet is most widely used network
• Advanced features such as encryption, compression while transmit are required.
• Cloud API
• It is set of programming instructions and tools that provide abstraction over specific provider
cloud.
Characteristics of cloud computing
• On-Demand Self Service:
• A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, automatically
using a simple interface without requiring human interaction with each
service’s provider.
• Heterogeneous Access:
• Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard
mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client
platforms. (heterogeneous devices)
• Resource Pooling:
• The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers
using a multi-tenant model.
• Different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned
according to consumer demand
Characteristics of cloud computing
• Rapid Elasticity-
• the 4th characteristic, implies that you can access more resources when you
need them, and scale back when you don’t, because resources are elastically
provisioned and released.
• Measured Service:
• Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resources used by
leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to
the type of service.
• Measured Service, means that you only pay for what you use or reserve as
you go. if you’re not using resources, you’re not paying.
• Resource usage is monitored, measured, and reported transparently based
on utilization.
Cloud Computing vs Peer to peer Architecture
Cloud computing Architecture
All administration and data storage are centralized
Complex and expensive to implement. Include high
initial capital investment
As it can be easily scaled, suitable for large
organizations.
Can be easily scaled when no. of nodes increases.
Hence better performance.
Need to configured with highest level of security
Does not burden user end devices
Peer to Peer Architecture
It is a network of hosts in which resource sharing,
processing and communication control are completely
decentralized due to lack of central data storage and
administration. Peers act as service providers as well
as service consumers.
It is easy and inexpensive to implement
It is practical for very small organizations
Performance is poor when number of nodes increases
Lack of security
overburden user workstations
Grid computing

• Grid computing is a computing infrastructure that combines computer resources

spread over different geographical locations to achieve a common goal.
• All unused resources on multiple computers are pooled together and made
available for a single task.
• Organizations use grid computing to perform large tasks or solve complex
problems that are difficult to do on a single computer.
• For example, meteorologists use grid computing for weather modeling.
• Weather modeling is a computation-intensive problem that requires complex
data management and analysis.
• Processing massive amounts of weather data on a single computer is slow and
time consuming. That’s why meteorologists run the analysis over geographically
dispersed grid computing infrastructure and combine the results.
 The following are some common applications of grid computing.
• Financial services
• Financial institutions use grid computing primarily to solve problems involving risk
management. By harnessing the combined computing powers in the grid, they can
shorten the duration of forecasting portfolio changes in volatile markets.
• Gaming
• The gaming industry uses grid computing to provide additional computational resources
for game developers. The grid computing system splits large tasks, such as creating in-
game designs, and allocates them to multiple machines. This results in a faster
turnaround for the game developers.
• Entertainment
• Some movies have complex special effects that require a powerful computer to create.
The special effects designers use grid computing to speed up the production timeline.
They have grid-supported software that shares computational resources to render the
special-effect graphics.
Utility computing
• Started in 1960s
• Mainframe manufacturers provided a form of utility computing called time
sharing
• They offered database storage and compute power to banks for other large
organizations for free.
• Utility computing keeps an account of all utilized resources such as CPU
cycles, storage in GB’s and network data transfer in GBs and bills the
consumers.
• Cloud computing extends the metering and pay-as-you-go model beyond
computing to software applications, licences and self –service portals.
Client server Architecture
• Client-server architecture is a computing model in which the server hosts, delivers, and manages
most of the resources and services requested by the client. It is also known as the networking
computing model or client-server network as all requests and services are delivered over a
network.
• For example, in hospital data processing, a client computer can be busy running an application
program for entering patient information, meanwhile, the server computer can be running another
program to fetch and manage the database in which the information is permanently stored.
• In a client server architecture, the processing power, management services and administrative
functions can be concentrated when needed, while clients can still perform many basic end user
tasks on their own.
• In the client server architecture, additional investment is required for an accelerated deployment of
new resources to meet sudden changes during demand upsurge.
• Cloud computing can provide increased performance, flexibility and significant cost savings
because application hosting and support is the responsibility of cloud service provider.
• Also the amount of available resources appears to be infinite to the consumer.
Key drives for cloud computing
• https://www.flentas.com/top-10-business-drivers-for-cloud-
transformation
Types of cloud computing (Deployment Models)

⚫ Private Cloud:
− The cloud is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization
or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.

⚫ Community Cloud:
− The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific
community that has shared concerns.

− It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off
premise
⚫ Public Cloud:
− The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a
large industry group and it is owned by an organization selling cloud
services.

⚫ Hybrid cloud:
− The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds
(private, community, or public).
Cloud computing service models
IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
Examples

SaaS: Google Apps, and

Microsoft Office 365

PaaS: AWS, Heroku, Apache

Stratos

IaaS: AWS EC2

Comparison of various CC providers
Impact of CC on business

• Significantly reduces operational costs

• Enables better collaboration & teamwork
• Ensures data security
• Promises reliable continuity for businesses
• Provides better scalability
• https://onpassive.com/blog/significant-impact-of-cloud-computing-on-
enterprises/
Cloud API

• https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2012/10/16/unders
tanding-cloud-integration-a-look-at-apis#close-modal
Virtualization vs Cloud computing