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Posterior Palatal Seal
Posterior Palatal Seal
SEAL
65
DEFINITION
“The soft tissues along the junction of the hard and soft palates
on which pressure within the physiologic limits of the tissues can
be applied by a denture to aid in the retention of the denture”
Winkler
POST PTERYGOMAXILLARY
PALATALSEAL SEAL
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MID PALATAL RAPHAE
• This overlies the medial palatal suture, contains little or no
submucosa and will tolerate little compression.
prominent to Heartwell and Rahn, this band posterior
• According of tissues
seal
is not
carefully should be extended
midpalatal fissure
meant to be compressed,
extending onto
rather
reproduced should be relieved
in the if to
into this fissure
master cast ensure proper
prominent
the soft palate. peripheral seal.
• This extension of the posterior palatal seal line will contain the
thick mucus in the posterior part of the denture to provide a seal
even if the posterior portion of the denture base is slightly out
of contact with the palatal tissues.
The function of the soft palate in these dual valving actions requires
freedom of movement in three dimensions or planes of space, i.e.,
superoinferiorly, mediolaterally and anteroposteriorly.
65
Arthur O. Rahn & Charles M. Heartwell, Elsevier, Syllabus of complete dentures,4 th edition
CLASSIFICATION OF SOFT PALATE
• Based upon the angle the soft palate makes with the hard
palate.
– The more acute the angle of the soft palate in relation to
the hard palate, more muscular activity will be necessary
to effect velopharyngeal closure (closing of the
nasopharynx).
• CLASS III
Goyal S, Goyal MK, Balkrishanan D, Hegde V, Narayana AI. The posterior palatal seal: Its
rationale and importance: An overview. European Journal of Prosthodontics. 2014 May
65 1;2(2):41-7.
Variations used with different shaped soft palate
based on the classification.
• Class 1: A butterfly
shaped posterior palatal
seal with 3-4 mm width
• Class 2: Posterior
palatal seal is narrow
with 2-3 mm of width
• Class 3: A single
beading made on the
posterior vibrating line.
Goyal S, Goyal MK, Balkrishanan D, Hegde V, Narayana AI. The posterior palatal seal: Its
rationale
65 and importance: An overview. European Journal of Prosthodontics. 2014 May
1;2(2):41-7.
LOCATION
• Location of posterior palatal seal is not consistent and show lot
of variation but on an average anterior vibrating line is 1.31
mm distal to fovea palatine.
Goyal S, Goyal MK, Balkrishanan D, Hegde V, Narayana AI. The posterior palatal seal: Its
rationale and importance: An overview. European Journal of Prosthodontics. 2014 May
1;2(2):41-7.
65
THE RATIONALE FOR THE PLACEMENT OF
A SEAL IN THE IMPRESSION TRAY
65
Classification of techniques of recording PPS-
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The techniques used to mark posterior palatal seal
1. Conventional technique
2. Fluid wax technique
3. Arbitrary scraping of the master cast
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Transfer the marking onto the denture base and then onto the cast
short vigorous
Locating anterior vibrating line and burst of “ah”
transfer of the same valsalva
maneuver
65 Anterior vibrating line-----cupid's bow shape
Scoring of the master cast
• All the procedures for location and transfer marking of the anterior
and posterior vibrating lines are same as for the conventional
approach.
Mechanical scraping is
avoided
Posterior Palatal Seal (PPS): A brief review Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research
2014; 3(6): 602-605
65
ARBITRARY SCRAPING OF THE MASTER
CAST
• Anterior and the posterior vibrating lines are visualized by
examining the patient’s mouth and approximately marked and
scraped on the master cast.
• Least accurate and leaves the most to chance at insertion
appointment since it relies on dentist’s recollection of palatal
configuration and tissue compressibility.
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TROUBLESHOOTING
• Under extension
• Over extension
• Under post damming
• Over post damming
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ADDING POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL
TO THE EXISTING DENTURE
• Moghadam and Scandrett suggest a procedure that utilizes the
fluid wax technique.
• After the wax has had an adequate chance to flow, the denture is
removed from the mouth and the anterior extent of the seal on
the denture is outlined.
Moghadam BScandrett F. A technique for adding the posterior palatal seal. The Journal of Prosthetic
Dentistry. 1974;32(4):443-447.
65
• Utility wax is placed vertically across the palate, separating
the posterior two thirds from the anterior region, and extended
around the posterior portion of the denture.
65 Moghadam BScandrett F. A technique for adding the posterior palatal seal. The
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1974;32(4):443-447.
• A separating medium is applied to the stone cast
and the denture is then replaced on the stone
cast and held firmly with rubber bands.
• Autopolymerizing acrylic powder is sprinkled
between the denture base and the cast while
held on a vibrator and monomer is then added
dropwise.
• The cast and denture are placed in an upright
position until the initial set has taken place.
• They are then placed in a pressure pot with
water (140°F) for 20 minutes under 30 psi
pressure.
• After the cast and denture are separated, the
excess acrylic is trimmed and the border
polished lightly.
• Denture should be stored in water for 24 to 36
hours to avoid tissue irritation due to excess
monomer.
Moghadam BScandrett F. A technique for adding the
65 posterior palatal seal. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
1974;32(4):443-447.
ADDING POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL
TO THE EXISTING DENTURE
• Mark the vibrating line in the mouth with an indelible marker.
• Form the desired thickness and extension of the PPS on the denture in the
patient’s mouth with softened green modeling compound
• Transfer the locations of the vibrating line to the denture
• Make a cast of the intaglio surface of the denture with putty material; the
cast must include all of PPS addition and extend 5 to 6 mm posteriorly
• After putty material has set, use a scalpel to cut channels which will allow
excess autopolymerizing acrylic resin to escape.
• Remove the green stick compound and replace with autopolymerizing resin
in a pressure pot.
65 Ansari IH. A procedure for adding posterior palatal seal to an existing denture in dental office. J
Prosthet Dent 1994;72:449.
ADDING POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL TO
THE EXISTING DENTURE
Arthur Nimmo - Suggested correction of
posterior palatal seal by using a visible
light cured resin.
Identify and mark the vibrating line in the
mouth with an indelible marking stick
• Roughen the denture surface in the posterior
palatal seal area with a carbide bur.
• Adapt the VLC resin
• Place the denture in the mouth and allow it
to remain in place for approximately 3
minutes. During this time the material will
flow.
• Position a hand-held visible light source near
Nimmo A. Correction of the posterior palatal seal by
the border of the denture and apply light using a visible light-cured resin: A clinical report. The
directly to the region for several minutes. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1988;59(5):529-531.
• Remove any excess resin with a carbide bur
and smooth the junction between the seal and
the
65 polished surface of the denture.
ADDING POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL
TO THE EXISTING DENTURE
ADVANTAGES
1. No exothermic reaction to irritate the oral tissues.
2. Minimal volumetric shrinkage during curing.
3. More closely approximates a physiologic technique.
4. Can be performed with relatively little chair time.
DISADVANTAGE:
Cost of the curing unit
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REFERENCES & cross references
• Sheldon Winkler ,A.I.T.B.S. Publishers,Essentials of complete denture
Prosthodontics,2nd edition
• Zarb Bolender, Mosby,Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients,12th
edition
• Arthur O. Rahn & Charles M. Heartwell, Elsevier,Textbook of complete
dentures,5th edition
• Hardy I R, Posterior border seal –its rationale and importance, J Prosthet
Dent 1958:8;386-97
• Silverman S.L. “Dimensions and displacement patterns of the posterior
palatal seal”. J Prosthet Dent 1971:25;470-88
• Winland RD, Young JM, Maxillary complete denture posterior palatal seal:
Variations in size, shape & location , J Prosthet Dent 1973:29;256-61
• Lye TL, The significance of the fovea palatine in complete denture
prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent 1975:33;504-10
• Wicks R, Ahuja S, Jain V. Defining the posterior palatal seal on a definitive
65 impression for a maxillary complete denture by using a non fluid wax
addition technique. J Prosthet Dent 2014;112:1597-600
• E Abd AlAziz O, A Baraka O, Y Farahat M. An In-Vivo Comparative
Study of Retention of Heat Cured and Thermoplastic Acrylic Resins in
Maxillary Complete Denture Bases Made with Different Posterior
Palatal Sealing Techniques. Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science. 2018
Jul 1;21(3):237-43.
• Nikoukari H, A study of posterior palatal seals with varying palatal
forms, J Prosthet Dent 1975:34;605-13
• Nimmo A.,Correction of the posterior palatal seal by using a visible-
light cure resin : A clinical report J Prosthet Dent 1988:59;529-30
• Izharul Haque Ansari , A procedure for adding posterior palatal seal to
an existing denture in dental office, J Prosthet Dent 1994:72;449
• Izharul Haque Ansari “Establishing the posterior palatal seal during
the final impression stage”. J Prosthet Dent 1997:78;324-26
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