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STEAM GENRATION

 CONVERSION WATER INTO STEAM

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BOILING PROCESS

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BOILING PROCESS OF WATER

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HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER

 RADIATION
 CONVECTION
 CONDUCTION

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HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER

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HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER

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HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER

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Pressure Sat.Temp. Sp.Enthalpy Sp.Volume
Kg/cm2 0
C Kcal/Kg m3/Kg
At sat At S.H. At sat At S.H.
temp. Temp.5400C temp. Temp.5400C
1 99 638 854 1.725 3.824

10 179 663 852 0.198 0.3802

50 263 667 842 0.04 0.074

100 310 652 828 0.0184 0.032

150 341 626 817 0.0106 0.023

224 374 520 797 0.0037 0.015

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 INCREASING STEAM PARAMETERS

STEAM GENERATION INCREASING INCREASING

AT PRESSURE TEMPERATURE
ATMOSPHERC
PRESSURE

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BOILER-CIRCULATION

 SUFFICIENT FLOW / CIRCULATION OF

FLUID IS REQUIRED THROUGH THE
BOILER TUBES TO KEEP THE INNER
SURFACE CONTINUOUSLY WETTED /
COOLED

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CIRCULATION NUMBER

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EFFECTS OF CIRCULATION
NUMBER
 HIGH
 CHANCES OF SCALE FORMATION LESS
 LESS POSSIBLITY OF DNB
 NEEDS LARGER EVAPORATOR
 LOW
 EVAPORATOR COMPACT
 CHANCES OF SCALE FORMATION MORE
 OCCURANCE OF DNB

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CIRCULATION NUMBER FOR
DIFFERENT BOILERS
 NATURAL CIRCULATION
 INDUSTRIAL BOILERS 12 TO 15
 UTILITY BOILERS 7 TO 9
 ASSISTED CIRCULATION 2 TO 3
 FORCED CIRCULATION/
ONCE THROUGH 1

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CONTROLLED CIRCULATION

 ORIFICES ARE INSTALLED BETWEEN

BOTTOM HEADER AND WATER WALL
TUBES TO REGULATE FLOW OF WATER
INTO A TUBE BASED ON THE HEAT
RECEIVED BY IT / ITS RELATIVE POSITION
IN THE FURNACE.
 MINIMISE OCCURANCE OF DNB

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