Wired LANs and Ethernet

01204325: Data Communication

and Computer Networks

Asst. Prof. Chaiporn Jaikaeo, Ph.D.

Adapted from lecture slides by Behrouz A. Forouzan
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th
http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~cpj
Computer Engineering Department
Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Outline
 IEEE standards for LAN/MAN/WAN
 Traditional Ethernet
 Unicast and multicast addresses
 Fast Ethernet
 Gigabit Ethernet
 Ten-Gigabit Ethernet

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IEEE Standards
 Project 802
 standards for enabling intercommunication
among equipment from a variety of
manufacturers
 E.g.,
 IEEE 802.3  Ethernet
 IEEE 802.11  Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi)
 IEEE 802.15  Wireless PAN (Bluetooth, etc)
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802

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IEEE Standards for LANs

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Logical Link Control Sublayer
 Provides flow and error control for upper
layer protocols
 Most upper layer protocols (such as IP) do
not require such services

DSAP – Destination Service

Access Point
SSAP – Source Service
Access Point

(Similar to TCP/IP ports)

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Wired Ethernet
 "Traditional" or "Original" Ethernet created
at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center
(PARC) in 1976
 Ethernet standards are set by IEEE 802.3
working group

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Evolution of Ethernet

Ethernet Evolution

Standard Fast Gigabit Ten-Gigabit 100-Gigabit

Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
(10 Mbps) (100 Mbps)

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IEEE 802.3 MAC Frame

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Min and Max Frame Length

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Ethernet Addresses
 48 bits (6 bytes) in length
 Uniquely assigned to each Ethernet
network interface card (NIC)
 Usually written in hexadecimal notation
 E.g.,

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Unicast vs. Multicast Addresses
 A unicast address defines one recipient
 A multicast address defines a group of recipients
 The broadcast address defines a group of all
stations in the same LAN
 A special case of multicast addresses
 All bits are 1s

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Example
 Define the type of the following
destination addresses:
 4A:30:10:21:10:1A
 47:20:1B:2E:08:EE
 FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

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Standard Ethernet
Categories of Standard Ethernet

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Encoding in Standard Ethernet

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10Base5 Implementation

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10Base2 Implementation

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10Base-T Implementation

CAT3 Cable
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10Base-F Implementation

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Standard Ethernet Summary

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Raising the Bandwidth

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Bridged Ethernet
 A bridge divides a network into two or
more segments
 Each segment is independent of one
another, bandwidth-wise

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Collision Domain
 Bridges help split collision domain into smaller
ones

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Switched Ethernet

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Full-Duplex Ethernet

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Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
 Data rate: 100 Mbps
 Standard  IEEE 802.3u
 Backward-compatible with Standard
Ethernet

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Fast Ethernet Topologies

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Fast Ethernet Implementations

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Encoding for 100Base-TX

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Encoding for 100Base-FX

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Encoding for 100Base-T4

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Fast Ethernet Summary

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Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
 1000 Mbps
 Standard  IEEE 802.3z, 802.3ab

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Gigabit Ethernet Encoding

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4D-PAM5 Encoding
 Used in 1000Base-T

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Gigabit Ethernet Summary

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10-Gigabit and Up
 IEEE Standards
 802.3ae  10GbE over fiber
 802.3ak  10GbE over twin axial cable
(10GBASE-CX4)
 802.3an  10GbE over UTP (10GBASE-T)
 802.3ba  40GbE and 100GbE

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