LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

CARDINALS
 THE SPEAKER
 Dean RICARDO M. GUEVARA, Ph D
 2nd Place Criminology Board Licensure Examinations;
 Registered Criminologist License Number 0008141;
 MA Criminology, Correctional Administration;
 Dean of Instruction - Academia de San Lorenzo;
 Author of Criminal Justice Education Books;
 Licensure Consultant and Criminology Board Reviewer;
 Investigation and Security Consultant PNP SAGSD Control Number 000809;
 Former Faculty Member and Board Reviewer PCCr;
 Police Science and Law Enforcement Administration Awardee, PCCr 2000;
 Junior Associate, De Jesus and Associates Law Office
 Outstanding Criminologist of the Philippines – 2008 Professional Criminologists
Association of the Philippines
 Humanitarian Merit Awardee – Red Cross
 Member Commission on Higher Education – Quality Assessment Team
 Nominee PRC Board of Criminology
 LAW ENFORCEMENT
ADMINSTRATION
(RMG)

Scope: Pertinent laws and issuance, principles,

concepts, procedures, methods and techniques in
the administration, organization, and operation of
police service, to include industrial security
management. Specially, it includes areas to wit:
police administration and organization, patrol
techniques and operations, personnel and records
management, intelligence and industrial security
management.
  
Personnel Administration.
Defined
 Personnel administration refers to the
management of the people in working
organizations. It is also frequently called
personnel management, industrial
relations, employee relations, and
manpower management. It represents a
major subsystem in the general
management system, in which it refers to
the management of human resources, as
distinguished from financial or material
resources.
The term may be used to refer to
selected specific functions or
activities assigned to specialized
personnel officers or departments.
It is also used to identify the entire
scope of management policies and
programs in the recruitment,
allocation, leadership, and direction
of manpower.
 What is a law enforcement agency?
 A law enforcement agency is a term
used to denote any agency which
enforces the law. This may be a
state or local police, federal
agencies such as the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) or the
Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA) in the United States of
America.
It may also refer to a national police
force such as the Philippine
National Police. It can be used to
describe an international
organization such as ASEANAPOL,
EUROPOL or INTERPOL. Law
Enforcement administration begins
with the definition of the required
quantities of particular personal
capabilities.
Police Productivity and Managerial
Performance
 An effective police manager must be
concerned with the productivity of
police work teams and their
members.
 Productivity means the summary of
measures of the quantity and quality of
police work performance achieved, with
resource utilization considered.
Police performance outcomes:
 Police Effectiveness, which measures
whether or not important task goals are
being attained
 Police Efficiency, which measures how
well resources are being utilized.
Police Managerial Activities and
Roles
 Interpersonal Roles – working directly
with other people
 Figurehead – hosting and attending official
ceremonies
 Leadership – creating enthusiasm and
serving people’s needs
 Liaison – maintaining contacts with
important people and groups
 Informational Roles –exchange
information with other people
 Monitor – seeking out relevant information
 Disseminator – sharing information with
insiders
 Spokesperson – sharing information with
outsiders
 Decisional Roles – make
decisions that affects other people
 Entrepreneur – seeking problems to solve
and opportunities to explore
 Disturbance handler – helping to resolve
conflicts
 Resource Allocator – allocating resources
to various uses
 Negotiator – negotiating with other parties
POLICE ORGANIZATION AND
ADMINISTRATION WITH PLANNING –

RECORDS/PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM

 What is a police organization?
 Police are agents or agencies authorized to use
force and other forms of coercion and legal
means to effect public and social order. The term
is most regularly associated with police
departments of a state that are empowered to
exercise the police power of that state within a
defined legal or territorial area of responsibility.
Police or law enforcement is agency of a
community or government that is responsible for
maintaining public order and preventing and
detecting crime.
 Etymology of “Police”
 The word police comes from the Latin politia (“civil
administration”), which itself derives from the
Ancient Greek πόλις, for polis (“city”).

 The term police refers to a body of civil authority,

which is tasked to maintain peace and order,
enforce the law, protect lives and properties and
insure public safety. Regarded as the initiators of
the criminal justice system, society’s first line of
defense against crime and criminality.
  
What is the Home Rule Theory
of Policing?
 The Home Rule Theory – Law enforcers or
policemen are regarded as servants of the
community, who rely for the efficiency of
their functions upon the express needs of
the people. In this concept, policemen are
civil servants whose key duty is the
preservation of public peace and security.
This is practiced in the United States and
in England where the governmental
structure follows a decentralized pattern.
 What is the Continental theory?
 The Continental Theory – In this concept,
policemen are regarded as state or
servants of the higher authorities. This
theory prevails in European countries
where the governmental organization
follows the centralized pattern, e.g. Spain,
Italy and France. The people have no
share or little participation with the duties
nor connection with the police
organization.
 What is the difference between Old
and New Concept of policing?
 The Old Concept – Police service is give the
impression of being merely suppressive
machinery. This philosophy advocates that
the yardstick of police competence is the
increasing number of arrests, throwing
offenders in detention facilities rather than
trying to prevent them from committing
crimes.
The Modern Concept – This thought of
police service regards police as the first line
of defense of the criminal justice system, an
organ of crime prevention. Under this
concept, police efficiency is measured by
the decreasing number of crimes. It further
broadens police activities to cater to social
services, and has for its mission the welfare
of the individual as well as that of the
community in general.
 What is an organization?
 Organization - In police management, it is
the arrangement of people with common
purpose and objective in a manner to enable
the performance of related tasks by
individuals grouped for the purpose. This
organization can be functional, Line, line and
staff, etc. depending on the objectives and
functions of the organization.
 What is an organizational structure?
 
 An organizational structure is a mechanical
means of depicting by an arrangement of
symbols; the relationships which exists
between individuals, groups and functions
within the organization. Lines of authority and
responsibility and functional relationships
between groups and individuals are clearly
defined to ensure compliance and
accountability.
  
ELEMENTS OF THE ORGANIZATON
 Specialization - The grouping of activities and
segregation of line, staff, and auxiliary functions are
large-scale examples of specialization within a
bureaucratic organization. Specialization is the
assignment of particular workers to particular tasks.
Thus, it can be thought of in terms of either jobs or
people. Specialization of people (specialists) is the
designation of particular persons as having expertise in a
specific area of work. Here, specialization signifies the
adaptation of an individual to the requirements go some
technical tasks through training, conditioning or
extensive on-the-job experience.
Hierarchy of Authority - If all persons within an
organization were given the freedom to do what they like
(and to refuse to do what they dislike), there would be little
likelihood of accomplishment. Any collaborative effort
such as that in a police department thus requires a system
of checks and controls on individual behavior.  
A hierarchy represents the formal relationship
among superiors and subordinates in any given
organization. It can be visualized as a ladder, with each
rung (or rank) representing a higher or lower level of
authority. 
Each rank or position on a hierarchical ladder has
specific rights, while at the same time owing specific duties
to the positions above and below it. Any particular position
of the ladder is expected to direct and control the activities
of the ranks, while obeying the directions and instructions
received from higher ranks.
Authority: Authority is the right to
command and control the behavior of
employees in lower positions within an
organizational hierarchy. A hierarchy
thus serves as the framework for the
flow of authority downward (and
obedience upward) through the
department.
Authority Roles: Authority within an organization must be
viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than of
individuals. A particular position within an organization
carries the same authority regardless of who occupies that
position. While the personality of the occupant may change
the style or manner in which authority is exercise, it should
increase or decrease the basic obligations of the occupant
toward those in subordinate positions.
 
 THE PRINCIPLES OF POLICE
ORGANIZATION
 Police organizations are either formal or
informal.
 Formal organizations are highly
structured
 Informal organizations are those without
structures.
 Every formal police organization whether
small or large are governed by the following
principles:
 Principle of Unity of Objectives - an
organization is effective if it enables the
individuals to contribute to the organization’s
objectives.
 Principle of Organizational Efficiency –
organization structure is effective if it is
structured in such a way to aid the
accomplishment of the organization’s objectives
with a minimum cost.
Scalar Principle – shows the vertical hierarchy of
the organization which defines an unbroken chain
of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the
flow of authority. The scalar principles are:
 a. Line of Authority and Chain of
Command
 b. The Span of Control
 c. The Delegation of authority
 d. The Unity of Command
 Functional Principle – refers to division of
work according to type, place, time and
specialization.

 Line and Staff – implies that a system of varied

functions arrange into a workable pattern. The
line organization is responsible for the direct
accomplishment of the objectives while the staff
is responsible for support, advisory or facilitative
capacity.
 Principle of Balance – states that the
application of principles must be balanced to
ensure the effectiveness of the structure in
meeting organization’s objectives.

 Principle of Delegation by Results –

states that authority delegated should be
adequate to ensure the ability to accomplish
expected results.
 Principles of Absoluteness of Responsibility –
explains that the responsibility of the subordinates to
their superior for performance is absolute and the
superior cannot escape responsibility for the
organization on activities performed by their
subordinates.

 Principle of Parity and Responsibility – explains

that responsibility for action cannot be greater than
that implied by the authority delegated nor should it
be less.
 Authority Level Principle – implies that
decisions within the authority of the
individual commander should be made by
them and not be returned upward in the
organizational structure.

 Principle of Flexibility – means that the

more flexible the organization, the more it
can fulfill its purpose.
 Other Principles in Police
Organizations
 1. Grouping of Similar Task - Tasks,
similar or related in purpose, process,
method, or clientele, should be grouped
together in one or more units under the
control of one person. Whenever,
practicable, every function of the police
force shall be assigned to a unit.
 According to Function
 The force should be organized primarily
according to the nature of the basis to be
performed. It should be divided into
groups so that similar and related duties
may be assigned to each.
 According to Time Frame
 The elements are divided into many shifts
or watches according to the time of the
day. This is the most elementary form of
police organization. Any large functional
unit can also be organized according to
time if the demand exists.
 According to Place of Work
 A territorial distribution of a platoon, accomplished
by assigning patrolman on beats, is necessary to
facilitate the direction and control of the officers
and to ensure suitable patrol service at every
point with in the jurisdiction. Patrolman on street
duty is usually under the supervision of a patrol
sergeant. When the number of patrolmen is great,
it may be desirable to divide them into squads
assigned to specific sectors of jurisdiction, with a
sergeant in charge of each squad.
 According to Level of Authority
 A police department is always divided according
to the level of authority. Example, there will be
some patrolmen, sergeants, some lieutenants,
some captains, and so on. Vertical combinations
of superior officers, with each rank at a different
level of authority from any other, from channels
through which operations may be directed and
controlled can be adopted in certain cases to
ensure coordination.
 2. Specialization Based on Need
 Specialized units should be created only when
overall departmental capability is thus
significantly increased.
 Specialization is a principle of organization
which is the result of the division of the force
into separate units. The degree of specialization
is determined by the size and sophistication of
the department and by the extent to which unit
has exclusive responsibility for the performance
of each group of the operational task.
 What is a functional Organization
 Functional Organization: In this type of
organization, the performance of certain
duties, at all levels, is controlled and directed
by a separate organizational authority. Each
work unit or function is placed under the
supervision of 4 to 8 specialists, one of each
of the unit’s major or special activities. The
functional organization divides authority and
responsibility between several specialists.
 What is a line organization?
 Line Organization: This is the simplest form of
organization. All operations and administrative
functions are included in the scalar chain of authority.
The straight line organization often called the
individual, departmental or military type of
organization is the oldest type but seldom
encountered in its true form except in any but the
smallest establishments. The channels of authority
and responsibility extend in a direct line from top to
bottom within the structure. Authority is absolute and
definite
What is a line and staff organization?
 In the scalar chain of authority, the line is the
backbone of the organization. The line is
supplemented by the staff, which gives advice and
assistance to the line in carrying out its objectives.
Both line and staff personnel are responsible jointly
for the performance. Line officers take direct action
while staff personnel furnish technical information,
advice and expertise without having direct authority
over line personnel. Line and staff type of
organization is a combination of the line and
functional category. It merges staff specialists for
units with line organization.
 What are police territorial units?
 Police territorial units which establish their
respective area of responsibility are:
Districts, Sectors, Beat, Route and Posts.
  
 (Area of Responsibility)
 Post is a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for
duty, such as designated desk or office/ crosswalk or an
intersection for traffic duty/ or spot or location for general duty.

 Route refers to a length of street or streets, designated for patrol

purposes. Also referred to as line beat.

 Beat is an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or

motorized.

 Sector is an area containing two or more beats, routes or posts.

 District is a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes,

usually with its own station.
What are police functional units?

 Functional units are

jurisdictional it may be
classified as a bureau, division,
sector and unit.
 Bureau is the largest organic unit within a
large department.

 Division- the primary subdivision of a bureau.

 Section- functional units within a particular

division. This is necessary for specialization.

 Units- functional groups within a section

where further specialization is needed.
What is the doctrine of chain of command?
 This refers to the line or chain of
supervisors from top to bottom. It is the
system which purpose is to ensure that
orders, directives, and other information
are channeled downward and upward
through an organizational structure in a
timely and uniformed fashion. It is also the
manner through which the supervisors
establish and maintain the necessary
control over subordinates.
 What are the categories of police Tasks?
 There are three categories of police duties, namely
Primary line or operational police tasks, Secondary
or auxiliary service tasks and Administrative or
managerial police tasks. Primary line or operation
police tasks are: Patrol, Investigation, Traffic, Vice
and Juvenile control. Secondary or auxiliary service
tasks are as follows: Records, Property, Crime
laboratory, Transportation and Communication.
And, administrative or managerial police tasks are:
Personnel, Intelligence, Inspection, Planning,
Budgeting, Training and Public/community
relations.
  
What is the doctrine of unity of command?
It simply means that each individual unit, and/or
situation should be under the control of only one direct
unit supervisor. Presence of several bosses confuses the
operation of subordinates. In police service, it is
important that only one man be in complete command
or supervision of each officer. Confusion is created when
more than one supervisor undertakes independent
command of an operation performed by several
subordinates or when a subordinate receives orders
from one or more superior. In such a scenario, the
orders given are not likely to be harmonious and
conflicting orders confuse subordinates and make the
coordination of efforts difficult.
 What is the span of control?
The ability of one man to direct, coordinate, and
control immediate subordinates- his span of control-
has physical limits, because he can be only in one
place at one time, and his inability to work for a
continuous 24 hours daily.  
Determinant factors for proper span of control are:
Native ability, Complexity of the tasks to be
performed, Separation from the superior from
immediate subordinates, Time demanded by the
public for personal assistance. Factors which results
in error in span of control are: Over estimation of his
own ability and Inability or unwillingness to delegate
authority.
  
What is delegation of authority?
 The principle of delegation of work is related
to the process committing an activity to
another’s care. It is closely related to the
principle of span of control in that even
though the span of attention is excessive,
the harm from it can be reduced by
delegation of many details to subordinates.
The division of the tasks of command
among the officers of the various units is
referred to as the delegation of authority.
  
  
What is command responsibility?
An officer of the police force who is directly or
immediately in command shall be answerable under
the doctrine of command responsibility for any of
the following:
Misfeasance- It is the improper performance of some act
which might be lawfully done. In the police service this is
equivalent to irregularities in the performance of duties.
Malfeasance- Also known as misconduct, it is the
performance of some act which ought not to be done.
Nonfeasance- It is the omission of some act which
ought to be performed. It as also referred to as
neglect of duty.
 Exemptions to the doctrine of “Command
Responsibility”:
 When the commanding officer was not properly
informed of the acts or omission of his subordinates;
 When the commander was properly informed and he
conducted an immediate investigation of such act or
omission; and
 When he acted upon lawful orders from higher
authorities.
  
What is the NAPOLCOM?
 The NAPOLCOM exercises administrative
control and supervision over the P.N.P.
Republic Act 4864 otherwise known as the
Police Act of 1966 created the NAPOLCOM.
It is a collegial body within the D.I.L.G.,
composed of the Secretary as its Chairman
and four regular commissioners. The
NAPOLCOM shall be an agency attached to
the Department of Interior and Local
Government for policy and program
coordination.
  
Who comprises the NAPOLCOM?
 The NAPOLCOM shall be composed of a Chairperson, four (4) regular
Commissioners, and the Chief of PNP as ex-officio member.

 Three (3) of the regular commissioners shall come from the civilian
sector who are neither active nor former members of the police or
military, one (1) of whom shall be designated as vice chairperson by the
President.
 
 The fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement
sector either active or retired: Provided, that an active member of a law
enforcement agency shall be considered resigned from said agency once
appointed to the Commission: Provided, further, that at least one (1) of
the Commissioners shall be a woman.
 
 The Secretary of the Department shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of
the Commission, while the Vice Chairperson shall act as the executive
officer of the Commission."
 
Qualifications. — No person shall be
appointed regular member of the
NAPOLCOM unless: "
 He or she is a citizen of the Philippines;
 
 A member of the Philippine Bar with at least five (5) years
experience in handling criminal or human rights cases or
a holder of a master's degree but preferably a doctorate
degree in public administration, sociology, criminology,
criminal justice, law enforcement, and other related
disciplines; and
 
 The regular member coming from the law enforcement
sector should have practical experience in law
enforcement work for at least five (5) years while the
three (3) other regular commissioners must have done
extensive research work or projects on law enforcement,
criminology or criminal justice or members of a duly
registered non-government organization involved in the
promotion of peace and order."
 What are the general qualification for
appointment to the PNP?
A citizen of the Philippines;
A person of good moral conduct;
Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be
administered by the PNP or by any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the
purpose of determining physical and mental health;
Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning;
Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed
for cause from any civilian position in the Government;
Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral
turpitude;
Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62m) in height for male and
one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57m) for female;
Must not weigh more or less than five kilograms (5 kg.) from the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age, and sex; and
For new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30)
years of age: except for the last qualification, the above enumerated qualifications
shall be continuing in character and an absence of any one of them at any given time
shall be a ground for separation or retirement from the service.
 What is the waiver program?
 a. Applicants who possess the least disqualification
shall take precedence over those who possess more
disqualifications. b. The requirement shall be waived
in the following order: age, height, weight and
education. The Commission shall promulgate rules
and regulations to address other situations arising
from the waiver of the entry requirements. Nature
of Appointment under a Waiver Program. Any PNP
uniformed personnel who are admitted due to the
waiver of the educational or weight requirements
shall be issued a temporary appointment pending
the satisfaction of the requirement waived
 What is the Field training program?

 The Field Training Program: All uniformed

members of the PNP shall undergo a Field
Training Program for twelve (12) months
involving actual experience and
assignment in patrol, traffic, and
investigation as a requirement for
permanency of their appointment.
  
Who appoints police officers of the PNP?
 Appointment for Police Officer I to
Senior Police Officer IV . —
Appointed by the PNP regional
director for regional personnel or
by the Chief of the PNP for the
national headquarters personnel
and attested by the Civil Service
Commission.
Inspector to Superintendent. —
Appointed by the Chief of the
PNP, as recommended by their
immediate superiors, attested
by the Civil Service
Commission.
 Senior Superintendent to Deputy
Director General. — Appointed by the
President upon recommendation of the
chief of the PNP, with proper
endorsement by the Chairman of the
Civil Service Commission and subject
to confirmation by the Commission on
Appointments.
 Director General. — Appointed by the
President from among the senior officers
down to the rank of chief superintendent in
the service, subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments: Provided,
That the Chief of the PNP shall serve a tour
of duty not to exceed four (4) years:
Provided, further, That, in times of war or
other national emergency declared by
Congress, the President may extend such
tour of duty.
 
 What is lateral entry?
 Lateral Entry of Officers into the PNP: In general,
all original appointments of commissioned
officers in the PNP shall commence with the rank
of inspector, to include all those with highly
technical qualifications applying for the PNP
technical services, such as dentist, optometrists,
nurses, engineers, and graduates of forensic
sciences. Doctors of medicine, members of the
Bar, and chaplains shall be appointed to the rank
of senior inspector in their particular technical
service.
 Graduates of the Philippine
National Police Academy (PNPA)
shall be automatically appointed to
the initial rank of inspector.
Licensed criminologists may be
appointed to the rank of inspector
to fill up any vacancy after
promotions from the ranks are
completed.
Manning Levels: On the average nationwide,
the manning levels of the PNP shall be
approximately in accordance with a police-to-
population ratio of one (1) policeman for every
five hundred (500) persons.

 The actual strength by cities and

municipalities shall depend on the state
of peace and order, population density
and actual demands of the service in the
particular area. Provided, That the
minimum police-to-population ratio shall
not be less than one (1) policeman for
every one thousand (1,000) persons.
 What is police promotion?
 Promotion is a status change of a policeman
amounting to dynamic elevation of qualified
or deserving members as opportunities
occurs, to assignment or duties of greater
importance. All promotions should be based
on merits and fitness.
 Kinds of Promotions: Regular promotion-
quota allocated promotion wherein a
candidate must satisfy all the mandatory
requirements fixed for a certain grade.
Special or Meritorious promotion
Time-in-Grade (TIG) – total period of time a
candidate has acquired in a certain grade
regardless of his status of appointment therein.
 Time in grade requirements:
 Based on Civil Service Commission Memorandum Circular 11 –
0479, dated 09 December 2011
 PSUPT to PSSUPT 2 years
 PCINSP to PSUPT 5 years
 PSINSP to PCINSP 5 years
 PINSP to PSINSP 4 years
 SPO4 to PINSP 3 years
 SPO3 to SPO4 3 years
 SPO2 to SPO3 3 years
 SPO1 to SPO2 3 years
 PO3 to SPO1 3 years
 PO2 to PO3 3 years
 PO1 to PO2 4 years
 Probationary PO1 to PO1 1 year
 How are retirement benefits computed?
Monthly retirement pay shall be fifty percent (50%) of the
base pay and longevity pay of the retired grade in case of
twenty (20) years of active service, increasing by two and
one-half percent (2.5%) for every year of active service
rendered beyond twenty (20) years to a maximum of ninety
percent (90%) for thirty-six (36) years of active service and
over: Provided, That, the uniformed personnel shall have the
option to receive in advance and in lump sum his retirement
pay for the first five (5) years: Provided, further, That
payment of the retirement benefits in lump sum shall be
made within six (6) months from effectivity date of retirement
and/or completion: Provided, finally, That retirement pay of
the officers/non-officers of the PNP shall be subject to
adjustments based on the prevailing scale of base pay of
police personnel in the active service."
 What are the benefit of PNP members with
permanent physical disability?
 Permanent physical disability: An officer or non-officer
who is permanently and totally disabled as a result of
injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the
performance of his duty as duly certified by the National
Police Commission, upon finding and certification by the
appropriate medical officer, that the extent of the
disability or sickness renders such member unfit or unable
to further perform the duties of his position, shall be
entitled to one year's salary and to lifetime pension
equivalent to eighty percent of his last salary, in addition
to other benefits as provided under existing laws.
  
What is compulsory retirement?
 Compulsory Retirement: Compulsory
retirement, for officer and non-officer,
shall be upon the attainment of age fifty-
six (56): Provided, That, in case of any
officer with the rank of chief
superintendent, director or deputy director
general, the Commission may allow his
retention in the service for an un-
extendible period of one (1) year.
 Attrition System for Uniformed Personnel. There shall
be established a system of attrition within the
uniformed members of the PNP within one (1) year
from effectivity of RA 8551 to be submitted by the
PNP to the NAPOLCOM for approval.
 Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in
Position. The maximum tenure of PNP members
holding key positions is hereby prescribed as follows:
 Chief PNP - 4 years
 Deputy Chief PNP - 4 years
 Director of the Staff Services - 4 years
 Regional Directors - 6 years
 Provincial/City Directors - 9 years
 Attrition by relief. A PNP uniformed personnel who have been
relieved for just cause and has not been given an assignment
within two (2) years after such relief shall be retired or
separated.
 Attrition by Demotion in Position or rank. Any PNP personnel,
civilian or uniformed, who is relieved and assigned to a
position lower than what is established for his or her grade in
the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be assigned to a
position commensurate to his or her grade within eighteen
(18) months after such demotion in position shall be retired or
separated.
 
 Attrition by Non-promotion. Any PNP personnel who have not
been promoted for a continuous period of ten (10) years shall be
retired or separated.
 
 Attrition by Other Means. Any PNP member or officer with at least
five (5) years of accumulated active service shall be separated
based on any of the following factors: Inefficiency based on poor
performance during the last two (2) successive annual rating
periods; Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3)
cumulative annual rating periods; Physical and /or mental
incapacity to perform police function and duties; Failure to pass
the required entrance examinations twice and/ or finish the
required career courses except for justifiable reasons.
  
What is the difference between optional and
early retirement?
 Optional Retirement: Upon accumulation of at least twenty (20) years of
satisfactory active service, an officer or non-officer, at his own request and
with the approval of the Commission, shall be retired from the service and
entitled to receive benefits provided by law. While, early retirement
program: any PNP officer or non-commissioned officer may retire and be
paid separation benefits corresponding to a position two (2) ranks higher
than his or her present rank subject to the following conditions:
 that at the time he or she applies for retirement, he or she has already
rendered at least ten (10) years of continuous government service;
 the applicant is not scheduled for separation or retirement from the service
due to the attrition system or separation for cause;
 he or she has no pending administrative or criminal case; and
 he or she has at least three (3) more years in the service before reaching
the compulsory retirement age and at least a year before his or her
maximum tenure in position.
 What is the Internal Affairs Service?
 The (IAS) Internal Affairs Service the
Administrative Disciplinary Machinery of the PNP
Internal Affairs Service: The IAS shall conduct
“motu-propio”, automatic investigations of the
following cases:
 Incidents where a police personnel discharges a firearm;
 Incidents where death, serious physical injury, or any violation of human rights
occurred in the conduct of police operation;
 Incidents where evidence was compromised, tampered with, obliterated or lost
while in custody of police personnel;
 Incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police was seriously injured; and
 Incidents where the established rules of engagement have been violated.
 What is summary dismissal?
 Summary Dismissal Powers of the PNP Chief and
Regional Directors: The Chief of the PNP and regional
directors, after due notice and summary hearings,
may immediately remove or dismiss any respondent
PNP member in any of the following cases:
 When the charge is serious and the evidence of guilt is strong;
 When the respondent is a recidivist or has been repeatedly
charged and there are reasonable grounds to believe that he
is guilty of the charges; and
 When the respondent is guilty of conduct unbecoming of a
police officer.
 What is the PLEB?
People's Law Enforcement Board (PLEB): (a) Creation and
Functions. — Within thirty (30) days from the issuance of
the implementing rules and regulations by the Commission,
there shall be created by the sangguniang
panlungsod/bayan in every city and municipality such
number of People's Law Enforcement Boards (PLEBs) as
may be necessary: Provided, That there shall be at least
one (1) PLEB for every municipality and for each of the
legislative districts in a city. The PLEB shall have
jurisdiction to hear and decide citizen's complaints or cases
filed before it against erring officers and members of the
PNP. There shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five
hundred (500) city or municipal police personnel.
 Composition and Term of Office. — The PLEB
shall be composed of the following:
 Any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan chosen by his respective
sanggunian;
 Any barangay captain of the city or municipality concerned chosen by the
association of barangay captains; and
 Three (3) other members who shall be chosen by the peace and order council
from among the respected members of the community known for their probity
and integrity, one (1) of whom must be a member of the Bar or, in the
absence thereof, a college graduate, or the principal of the central elementary
school in the locality. The Chairman of the PLEB shall be elected from among
its members. The term of office of the members of the PLEB shall be for a
period of two (2) years from assumption of office. Such member shall hold
office until his successor shall have been chosen and qualified.
What is operational supervision and control?
  supervision and
 The term "operational

control" shall mean the power to direct,

superintend, oversee and inspect the
police units and forces. It shall include the
power to employ and deploy units or
elements of the PNP, through the station
commander, to ensure public safety and
effective maintenance of peace and order
within the locality.
What is the difference between employ and
deploy?
 "Employ" refers to utilization of units or elements of the
PNP for purposes of protection of lives and properties,
enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order,
prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal offenders and
bringing the offenders to justice, and ensuring public
safety, particularly in the suppression of disorders, riots,
lawless violence, rebellious seditious conspiracy,
insurgency, subversion or other related activities.
"Deploy" shall mean the orderly organized physical
movement of elements or units of the PNP within the
province, city or municipality for purposes of
employment as herein defined.
 What is planning?

 Planning is the determination in advance how the

objectives of the organization will be attained.
This would include the determination of the
course of action to take in a particular task,
function or activity. Types of Plans: To properly
achieve the administrative planning responsibility
within the police department the chief of police
shall develop departmental plans relating to:
Procedures or policies, Tactics, Operations, Extra-
departmental activities, Management.
Planning is the key to administrative process and
may mean any of the following:

 The process of combining all aspects of the

public safety activity and the realistic
anticipation of the future problems, the analysis
of strategy and correlation of strategy to detail;
 The use of rational design or pattern for all the
public safety undertakings; and
 The act of determining policies and guideline s
for police, fire and jail activities and operations
and providing controls and safeguards for such
activities and operations in the public safety
services.
TYPES OF PLANS
1. Policy or Procedural Plans
2. Tactical Plans
3. Operational Plans
4. Extra-Departmental Plans
5. Management Plans
 POLICY OR PROCEDURAL PLAN. Standing operating
procedure shall be planned to guide members in routine field operations
and in some special operations in accordance with the ff. procedures:
This is specifically referred to:
 1. Field Procedures
Example: Reporting, saluting, use of firearms, investigation of crimes, raids,
etc..

 2. Headquarters Procedure
Example: The use of phone, use of police devices, dispatching process.

 3. Special Operating Procedures

Example: Preservation of evidence as each chief has its own way of dealing
with this.
TACTICAL PLANS. These ARE the
procedures for coping with specific
situations at known locations. Included in
this category are plans for dealing with an
attack against the buildings with alarm
systems and an attack against police
headquarters by law less elements. Plans
shall likewise be made for blockade and jail
emergencies and for special community
events, such as larger public meetings,
athletic contests, parades, religious
celebrations, carnivals, strikes
demonstrations and other street affairs.
OPERATIONAL PLANS. These are plans
for operations of special divisions like the
patrol, detectives, traffic, fire and juvenile
control divisions. Operational plans shall
be prepared to accomplish each of the
primary police tasks.
OPERATIONAL PLANS composed of:
• Regular Operating Plans (or Programs)
• Meeting the Unusual Need Plans
EXTRA OFFICE PLANS. The active
interest and participation of individual citizen is so
vital to the success of the integrated police
programs that the police shall continuously seek to
motivate, promote and maintain an active public
concern in its affairs. Plans shall be made to
organize the community to assist in the
accomplishment of objectives in the field of traffic
control, organized crime, and juvenile delinquency
prevention. The organizations may call safety
councils for crime and delinquency prevention.
MANAGEMENT PLANS.Plans of
management shall map out in advance all
operations involved in the organization
management or personnel and material and in
the procurement and disbursement of money,
such as the following:
a. Budget Planning
b. Accounting Procedures
c. Specification and Purchasing Procedures
d. Personnel Management
e. Organizational Plans
 What is the History of Philippine Law
Enforcement?
 Early police were typically either military or semi-military
organizations that evolved from the personal bodyguards
of rulers and warlords or from community organizations
in which citizens banded together for mutual protection.

 In the Philippines, the Spanish regime adopted a police

system in which the maintenance of peace and order as
well as the enforcement of laws are an integral part of the
military system for the defense of the colony. In the year
1712, the Carabineros de Seguridad Publica was organized
as a mounted riflemen or cavalry whose duties expanded
in 1781 from a special commission as government
custodian of the tobacco monopoly to a distinct group
charged with the duties of a harbor, port, border and river
police
In January 8, 1836, by virtue of a Royal Decree, the Rural
Police known as the Guardrilleros were established in each
town. The law provided that five percent (5%) of able bodied
male inhabitants of each province was to be drafted in the
police service for a three year tour of duty.
 
In February 12, 1852, the Guardia Civil was organized with
the dual function of a soldier and a policeman whose duties
ranges from the suppression of brigandage by means of
patrolling unsettled territories, detention of petty and local
insurrection, the enforcement of tax collection and was
armed as the Spanish infantry to partially relieve the
Spanish Peninsula Troops of their work in policing towns.
The establishment of the Guardia Civil gave the Spanish
colonizers a tremendous control through a centralized
police administration which enabled the supreme head to
determine the policies to be pursued in law enforcement
and the maintenance of peace and order.
After to collapse of the Philippine Revolutionary
government, the Americans established an Insular Police
Force later known as the Philippine Constabulary which
became the institution for preserving the peace, enforcing
the law and maintaining order. Under the support of the
military authorities, the municipal force was inclined and
subjective to military methods of organization and
discipline since they were established along semi-military
lines. The municipal police came to existence as an
appendage of the municipal government in calm towns.
 
On September 8, 1966, Republic Act No. 4864 was enacted
known as the Police Act of 1966. This law provided the legal
guideline in undertaking at a national level reform which
contributed to the improvement of police efficiency and
performance. To implement its objectives the Police
Commission was created.
During the Martial Law Regime of President Ferdinand
E. Marcos, The Integrated National Police was
organized by virtue of PD 765 in August 8, 1975 which
was composed of the Philippine Constabulary as the
nucleus and the INP forces as components under the
Department of National Defense.
 
Republic Act 6975 which was enacted December 13,
1990 created among others the Philippine National
Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection, the Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine
Public Safety College under a reorganized Department
of the Interior and Local Government. The law paved
the way for the achievement of a Philippine police
force which is civilian in character national in scope.
INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
MANAGEMENT - This course deals
with the organizational set-up,
operation and administration of
security agencies. The principles
and relevance of industrial security
as partners of law enforcement
agencies in crime prevention and
the maintenance of peace and order
in business, commercial, industrial
and similar establishments.
 Security Defined
SECURITY: The term security connotes
safety from harm; it has different
dimensions in public safety, defense
and military matters, information
access and psychology. It is the
condition of being free from fear, doubt,
apprehension, anxiety and danger. It
implies a state of certainty and safety.
 TYPES OF SECURITY MEASURES
 . ACTIVE MEASURES – these involve the
installation of physical barriers, security
lighting, use of vaults, locks and others.
 2. PASSIVE MEASURES – those that
will deter man from committing such act of
fear of being caught, charge in court or get
dismissed, such as: security education,
programs, investigations, seminars,
personnel security check.
 FACTORS THAT BRING INSECURE
CONDITION:
 1. Threat
 – An indication of impending danger
or harm;
 - positive inimical acts
 2. Hazard
 – A chance of being injured or
harmed;
 -passive inimical acts
 3. Vulnerability
 –  inability to withstand the effects of a
hostile environment
 -measure of how open an establishment
to intrusion, attack or injury

 4. Risk
 – is the potential that a chosen action or
activity (including the
 INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
MANAGEMENT defined
 It is the effective, efficient, economical,
realistic, and practical application,
utilization, implementation, adaptation
and supervision and administration of the
security resources and management
operations to protect and preserve the
interest and capital including the
personnel and investments of any
industrial establishment in order to
obtain its goals or objectives smoothly
and productively.
  
What is physical security?
Physical Security- is the broadest
branch of security. It is defined as a
system of barriers placed between the
matters protected and the potential
intruder. It is concerned utilization of
physical measures to prevent
unauthorized access to facilities, plants,
equipment and safeguard them against
man-made and natural hazards.
 Principles of Physical Security
1. There is no impenetrable barrier. If an unfriendly
organization is willing to devote attention, time,
money, personnel and devises passing any type of
barrier is conceivable.
2. Physical security must be built upon a system of
defense in depth. The accumulation of several
barriers or depth after depth will provide measurable
time delay to intrusion into a facility and it will allow
control of any foreseeable penetration.
3. Each installation is different. Variable factors such
as location, type of plant, personnel would make every
installation distinct even though similar security
measures are adopted.
Three Lines of Physical Defense
 Perimeter defense- such as barriers,
perimeter fences or guards at the gate are
considered as the first line of defense.
 Inside perimeter defense- such as doors,
floors, windows, walls, roofs, grills and
other entries to a building is referred to as
the second line of defense.
 Storage system- such as safes and vaults
are considered as the third line of defense.
 What is a barrier?
 Barrier- is any structure or physical
device capable of deterring, delaying
illegal access into an installation. If
placed to supplement the protection of
an inside or outside perimeter it is
used to define limits to said
installation. They may be referred to
as perimeter barrier.
 What are protective cabinets?
 
Protective Cabinets - referred to as the final
line of defense, it is a high security storage
area where papers, plans, cash and other
negotiable instruments are kept. Safe - It is a
metallic container used primarily for
safekeeping of documents and small items. It
should be at least 750 lbs. in weight or
anchored to the building if lighter. The walls
should be at least one inch thick and the door
1 ½ inch thick.
 CATEGORY OR TYPES OF STORAGE
CONTAINERS
 Class 1 - Commercial records safes
designed for fire protection.
 Class 2 - Commercial money safes
designed for robbery burglary
protection.
 Class 3 - Security cabinets designed
to meet specification for safeguarding
classified materials.
 Types of security cabinet
 Safe - It is a metallic container used
primarily for safekeeping of documents
and small items.
 
It should be at least 750 lbs. in weight or
anchored to the building if lighter.
 
The walls should be at least one inch thick
and the door 1 ½ inch thick.
Vault - It is a heavily constructed fire resistant
storage facility installed four inches higher than
the floor and part of the building structure. The
door of vaults should be at least 6 inches thick.
 
The vault wall, ceiling, floor should be reinforced
by concrete at least 12 inch thick. It is normally
moisture and condensation resistant with
electrical conduits which should not exceed 1 ½
inch in diameter.
 
Standard size vaults can store up to 5,000 cubic
feet and fire resistant of at least 6 hours.
 
File room - Constructed lighter than a
vault but bigger in capacity it is
installed as part of the building which
holds up to 10,000 cubic meters of
essential items. File rooms must be at
least 12 feet in height, with enough
ventilation and fire proof of at least 1
hour.
 What are security hazards?
 Human hazard - An act nor condition caused
by humans which affects the safe operation of a
facility. They include sabotage, theft, pilferage
and espionage.
 Natural hazards - Caused by natural phenomena
which results in damage, disturbance and
problems of the normal functions. These include
floods, earthquakes, lightning storms, typhoons
and volcanic eruption.
 What is the difference
between relative vulnerability
and relative criticality?
Relative criticality of operation refers to the
importance of the establishment with reference
to the national economy and security. While,
relative vulnerability is the susceptibility of a
plant or establishment to damage, loss or
disruption of operations due to various hazards.
 What is Personnel security?

Includes all the security measures

designed to prevent individuals of doubtful
loyalty, character, integrity from gaining
access to classified matters and sensitive
facilities. It is composed of conducting
personnel security investigation and
security education programs.
 What is personnel security
investigation?

- Is an inquiry into the reputation, character,

integrity, discretion, morals and loyalty of an
individual in order to determine a person's
suitability for appointment or access to
classified matters.
 What are the motives that
causes disloyalty?

Motives that cause people to be disloyal:

Revenge, Material gain, Prestige, Ideological
belief, Friendship.
 What are the weaknesses of
personnel?
Weakness that make people susceptible to
pressure: Weakness of character, Jealousy,
Gullibility, Indebtedness, Investment,
Addiction to narcotics, Alcoholism,
Gambling problems, Moral depravity such
as lesbianism and homosexuality.
 What is security education?
- The exposure and teaching of employees on security
and its relevance of the building structure used to
keep and protect cash, documents and negotiable
instrument. Security Education Program - A program
given to employees of an installation by lecture and
other means pertaining to measures and safeguard to
be taken to protect the interest of the installation for
loss, damage, sabotage, pilferage, and other criminal
acts. Security Education is composed of seven phases
namely: Seven Phases: Initial interview, Training
conference, Security reminders, Security promotion,
Special interview and Debriefing.
 What is document security?
 
It is the branch of security involved in the
protection of documents and classified papers from
loss, access by unauthorized person, theft,
damage and compromise through disclosure. The
term document in security matters, covers any
form of recorded information either printed,
written, drawn, painted, sound recording, films,
maps, etc. The object is to secure and control the
sensitive information contained therein so as not
to prejudice the firm, company or agency.
 How information is lost?
 a. Information is seldom compromised through
electronic bugging, use of sophisticated equipment
by industrial spies.

 b. It can also be lost through negligence and

inadvertent disclosure by the owner of the
establishment or person in authorized possession.

 c. It can also deliberately stolen by an insider or

person trusted to have access to it.
 What is VIP security?
Also referred to as Personal Security, it
utilized in the protection of personnel
especially high ranking officials, foreign
dignitaries, and prominent private
individuals from harm, kidnapping and other
similar threats. In the practice of industrial
security, the term business executive
protection is synonymous with VIP security.
POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS WITH
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM This deals
with the set-up of patrol force, its
functions and role in law enforcement,
it also includes the types of patrol,
techniques, tactics and strategies;
supervision and functional
relationships with other police units. It
also include police communication
system, the use of radio, telephone,
teletype; techniques in transmission of
messages by the use of conventional
and modern electronic gadgets.
 What is patrol?
The word patrol is derived from the French word
patrouiler, which means roughly, “to travel on
foot.” In most modern police agencies and
organizations foot patrol had been either replaced
altogether or significantly supplanted through
other patrol methods. The value of foot patrol has
experienced a renewed appreciation in recent
years. It is no coincidence that the foot patrol
officer continues to be the mainstay of the police
force.
 Police functions can be generalized into two categories:

Law Enforcement
Peace and Order Maintenance

Law Enforcement embraces crime prevention and

control including customary police functions.

Peace and Order Maintenance covers the peace

keeping role and community-oriented services
(community service role). It has no law enforcement
implications.

“To Serve and Protect” – the bottom line of police

work. Basically, that’s the job of a patrol officer. (AFP,
Sec Guard ?)
Why is it that the citizens usually call first the police when a
social problem occurs?

Traditionally speaking, these are the reasons: Because the police are
constantly available when needed; dependable when called upon;
and capable of providing advice to decide or settle interpersonal
conflicts. Thus, there are two broad duties of police officers while
on patrol.

1. Provide public protection through:

 Preventive enforcement - progressive and continuous patrolling

 Selective enforcement – research and investigation

2. Render social services

 Information services
 Police Escort
 Assisting other agencies
 Serving court notices (warrants)
PATROL FORCE DISTRIBUTION

Suggested distribution of police functions.

Police Activity Percentage

1. Patrol Functions 50%
2. Criminal Investigation 15%
3. Traffic Functions 10%
4. Vice and Juvenile 10%
Related Functions
5. Administrative Function 10%
6. Auxiliary Functions 5%
Manning Level of Patrol Force

Ideally for the Philippine setting, the

“rule of thumb” regarding the manning
level of the police is provided under Sec.
27 of R.A. 6975. The standard manning
level is 1:500 in rural areas (1 police
officer for every 500 residents), 1:1000 in
urban areas (1 police officer for every
1000 residents).
Police to population ratio in the Philippines
is mandated by the NAPOLCOM. Its primary
basis would be the prevailing peace and
order situation as reflected by the current
crime rate.

Crime statistics attempt to provide a

statistical computation of the level, or
amount, of crime that is prevalent in
societies.
 
 What is a Crime Index?


Crime indexes are generated to

examine and analyze crime statistics.
The most ordinary source of such
statistics are records reported to the
police.
Crime rate is an amount of the rate of
occurrence of crimes committed in a
given area and time. Most commonly,
crime rate is given as the number of
crimes committed among a given
number of persons. Often, the type of
crime is exactly specified a crime rate
might be given as the number of
murders (or rapes, robberies, thefts,
etc.) per 100,000 persons per year
within an area.
 
The (UCR) Uniform Crime Reports
contain official data on crime that
is reported to law enforcement
agencies it focuses on index crimes.
 
UCR is a summary-based reporting
system.
 CALCULATIONS OF RATES
AND TRENDS
 Crime Rate per 1,000 inhabitants: This
represents the number of Index offenses per
1,000 inhabitants.
 For example: What is the crime rate for a municipality
with 513 Index offenses (murder, rape, robbery,
aggravated assault, burglary, theft and motor vehicle
theft), with a population of 8,280?

 513 (Index offenses) ÷ 8,280 (population) = .061957 x

1,000 = 62.0 (crime per 1,000 inhabitants)
 How to determine the Number of Police
personnel per 1,000 inhabitants?
 This is calculated in the same manner as a crime rate.

 For example: A municipality with a population of 8,280

and 28 police personnel. How many officers are there per
1,000 population?
 28 (police personnel) ÷ 8,280 (population) = .00338 x
1,000 = 3.4 (police personnel per 1,000 inhabitants)

 NOTE: This formula can be applied to either total police

personnel or just police officers per 1,000 inhabitants.
 What is Police Assaulted Rate?
 This is calculated at a rate per 100 police
officers.
 For example: A municipality with 25 officers
had five of them assaulted during the
month. What is the police assaulted rate?
 5 (police officers assaulted) ÷ 25 (police
officers) = .2 x 100 = 20 (police assaulted
per 100 officers)
 What is a Clearance Rate?
 This refers to the percent of Index offenses
cleared (solved), over a specific period of
time.
 For example: A municipality with 513 Index
offenses in a chosen time frame, cleared 95
of these offenses. What is the clearance
rate?
 95 (Index offenses cleared) ÷ 513 (Index
offenses) = .185 x 100 = 18 .5 (percent
cleared)
 When can we consider a crime is
solved?
 When the criminal/suspect is identified.
 When the criminal/suspect is arrested.
 When the proper offense is charged
against the criminal/suspect.
 Deployment of Patrol Force

A choice of patrol method must be

based on:

The purpose of the patrol

The conditions under which it is to be
provided

Mountain-Horse
Sea--------Maritime
Alley-------Foot/bike
Highway--Mobile
PATROL THEORIES AND METHODS

 Theory of Police Omnipresence – high police

visibility discourages criminals. Normally,
criminals think twice before executing their
plans if there is obvious presence of police
officers. Thus, patrol activity should be carried
in a manner that attracts maximum attention to
the police officer or police vehicles. This theory
applies the principle of overt operation or high
police visibility.
 Low Profile Theory – low police visibility
increases the opportunity to apprehend
criminals. Deceptive absence of the police
officers will let criminals believe that they
will not be detected or caught if they execute
crimes that they plan. In this theory, the
objective is to attract as little attention as
possible while on the process of patrolling.
The officers should operate in a manner that
it would be difficult for either criminals or
the public to determine that the police are
around. The principle of covert operation is
integrated in this theory.
Patrol Methods

 Beat patrol
a. Foot patrol
b. Bicycle patrol

 Sector Patrol (Motorized patrol)

a. Automobile patrol
b. Motorcycle patrol
c. Aircraft patrol (Helicopter and fixed wing)

Specialized Patrol
a. Horse (Mounted) Patrol
b. Marine (Water) Patrol
c. Canine (K-9) Assisted Patrol
d. Special Terrain Patrol
 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN
DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF MEN TO
BE DEPLOYED

1. Size or Area to be patrolled

2. Topography (Physical characteristics or

terrain of the area)

3. Crime rate

4. Possible problems to be encountered on the

beat
 What is the difference between
high and low visibility patrol?
High visibility patrol can be virtually anything designed to
increase patrol visibility. It might include saturating a given
area with additional kinds of units, walking beats in the
downtown area, park and walk program for recreation
centers and large parks and similar strategies. The key to
high visibility patrol is the identification of crimes and
locations which can be most affected by increased police
visibility and conduct of such efforts on a systematic but
irregular basis. They are deemed most effective when
frequently changed, in terms of composition, location and
frequency. It is basically intended to deter street crimes.
While, low Visibility Patrol. Low visibility patrol is
designed to increase the rate of apprehension of
persons engaged in selected types of crimes. Its
secondary effect is that other types of crimes will
be deterred as a result of greater probability of
persons being arrested in the commission of the
crime. Surprise is the primary element in the
design of low visibility patrol program. The idea is
to provide a police presence in an area where
selected crimes are likely to occur without the
presence of the police being detected.
 What is directed deterrent
patrol?
Directed Deterrent Patrol. Directed deterrent patrol differs
from traditional patrol methods in that patrol officers
perform specific predetermined preventive functions on a
planned and systematic basis. These preventive activities are
designed on the basis of detailed analysis of crime incidents,
offender characteristics, methods of operating, and locations.
It attempts to identify certain crime trends and then develop
specific patrol methods to interrupt these patterns. Directed
deterrent patrol is ideally suited for cities which are large
enough to experience crime problems in which patterns and
characteristics can be identified.
 What is TOP?
Target Oriented Patrol. Target oriented patrol
strategies are those that are directed toward
specific persons, places or events. It combines the
elements of high visibility and low visibility patrol,
and directed deterrent patrol to identify persons,
places or events which attract to create crime
problems. Various means are then used either to
deny the opportunity for the crime to occur or to
intercept the criminal in the commission of the
offense. Target oriented patrol programs consists
of either: Location oriented patrol, Offender
oriented patrol and Event oriented patrol.
 Location Oriented Patrol. Is the process of conducting intensified
surveillance over selected areas that have been identified through
crime analysis or through intelligence data as being high risk areas
for the commission of selected types of crimes.
 Offender Oriented Patrol. It is the process of conducting
surveillance of an individual. In this case, police intelligence data as
well as criminal history information on known offenders will form the
basis for the identification of targets against which patrol efforts are
directed.
 Event Oriented Patrol. It is simply the identification of events
which may require the application of intensified patrol efforts or
different kinds of patrol strategies due to the nature of the problems
they may create.
 What is split force patrol?
The split force patrol concept is a means of
satisfying the needs of both preventive
patrol and the demands made by calls for
service. It grew out of the recognition that
both preventive patrol and responding to
calls are important. It involves assigning
one part of the patrol force the
responsibility of conducting preventive
patrol and assigning another part of the
patrol force the task of responding to calls
for service.
 What is the difference between
Reactive and proactive Patrol.
In reactive patrol, the activity which consists of driving around
the district and waiting for something to happen. An old concept
in patrolling which is not very different from policemen sitting
around at the precinct while waiting for calls. The affordability
and sensibility is now being questioned for it does not seem to
effectively augment the crime prevention drive of the police.
While, proactive Patrol. An alternative patrol system which entails
anticipation on the part of the patrol units that something
unusual would occur. It consists of fielding of units in their
respective area of responsibility with described objectives and
specific tasks for the day to augment calls and other on sight
activities. The proactive patrol units will be making burglar
prevention, inspection of business establishments and residences,
saturating places and locations of known gambling dens, drug
dealers and shadowing them for a while to see if they are plying
their illegal trade.
 What is an attractive
nuisance?
A known doctrine of law wherein an
individual is said to maintain on his
business or residential premises a
condition, situation, instrumentality, or
machine that is dangerous to the youth
particularly for young children due to
their inability to recognize and
appreciate peril.
 What are patrol hazards?
A hazard is defined as any person, place,
thing or condition which if allowed to exist
may induce an accident or cause the
commission of the crime. They refer to
situations which possess a high potential for
criminal attack or may create any type of
problem necessitating a demand for
immediate police services. Classification of
hazards: Persons, Places, Property, and
Conditions/Situations.
 What are factors that create
HAZARDS?
Deficient visibility resulting from obstruction of view,
inadequate illumination may cause either crime or
accident hazards. The presence or conditions of
things may create hazard. Such as poorly designed
roadways, obstructions in public places, presence of
combustibles or fire hazards, a lake or stream of
water. The presence of people may create a patrol
hazard. Their gathering may present opportunity for
crime commission specifically thefts, mob formation,
assaults, damage to property or panic may cause
injury to other persons.
Concept of “Team Policing”

 It is a grass root approach

undertaken to bring the people and the
police together in a cooperative situation.
Its distinguishing feature is the
establishments of neighborhood crime
watch groups to encourage the people to
report crimes and to assume greater
interest and responsibility in crime
prevention and suppression.
Types of call responses by the police patrol

ROUTINE CALL - under this category, the mobile

car is required to observe all traffic laws and rules and
does not normally use its flashing lights and siren
while on its way to the scene. This includes when the
police responds to:

Provide police car transportation

Obtain reports about offenses discovered after the

criminal has left and which does not involve injury.

Obtain information the nature of which is not given.
Investigate apparently abandoned vehicles.
Obtain damage reports.
Provide additional traffic control and direction.
 URGENT CALL – this is similar to the routine
call, which also requires the responding police car
to observe all traffic rules and does not use its
flashing lights or siren. However, it proceeds
directly to its destination and does not stop unless
an incident of far more serious nature occurs. This
includes when the police responds to investigate:

Trouble of unknown nature

Shoplifter complaint
Vehicular accidents in which there no physical

injuries
Prowler complaints
Lost children complaints
Report of mob activities
Reports of domestic conflicts
 EMERGENCY CALL – in most cases, this
category requires the use of the flashing light and
fluctuating siren although there are exceptions, which
include the attempt to surprise criminals in the act. It
is permissible in this case for the responding police car
to violate traffic laws provided that extreme care is
exercised while driving at high speed. This includes
when the police responds to:

Investigate a crime in progress

Investigate a traffic accident in which people are

injured
Rescue or assist another patroller in trouble
Aids an injured person
Pursue or apprehend suspected criminal/s
Assist in firefighting
Stop an ongoing fight
 What are the two schools of thoughts
regarding the best means of approaching any
scene where a crime is believed to be in progress?

 First is to approach the scene with lights and

siren flashing and to pull on directly at the scene
of the reported crime. The idea here is to frighten
the criminal in order to prevent him from
completing his criminal act.

 Second is to approach the crime scene as

inconspicuously as possible in order to use the
advantage of surprise in apprehending the
criminal or preventing his escape.
What are the factors to be considered by the
patroller in choosing the manner by which
an approach to a crime in progress is to be
made?

 These are the factors of: time and day;

condition of traffic; possibility of ongoing
physical assault; and the neighborhood
characteristics.
INTELLIGENCE AND SECRET
SERVICE - The course converges on
the comparative study of police
intelligence, its application and
principles, the types of intelligence, the
intelligence cycle, Modus Operandi of
undercover operatives and the Order of
battle system for the identification of
criminals, subversive elements and
other threats to national security
 What is Intelligence?
Defined as the product resulting from the
collection, analysis, integration, evaluation
and interpretation of all available information
which concerns one or more aspects of area
of operation potentially significant to
planning. As a process intelligence is an
activity which treats processed information as
the basis of departmental policy and decision
making.
 What is military intelligence?

refers to the use of processed information in

formulating military plans, programs and
policies. This would include strategic and
combat intelligence. Strategic intelligence
gives attention to the capability,
vulnerability and possible course of action of
the enemy. Combat intelligence highlights
knowledge pertaining to weather, enemy
and terrain.
 What is police intelligence?

refers to the output or end product resulting

from the collection, evaluation, analysis,
integration and interpretation of all available
facts which concerns the activities of criminal
elements and its activities significant to police
planning and operation. This covers Line,
strategic and counter intelligence.
 What is counter intelligence?

are measures undertaken to deny the enemy of

any information consisting of passive and active
intelligence measures. In passive counter
intelligence; secrecy discipline, movement control,
camouflage and proper handling of information is
practiced. Active counter intelligence on the other
hand covers reconnaissance, patrolling, sabotage,
espionage, interior guard duty and fortification of
vital facilities.
 Sources of Information
 Observation evidence, surveillance
reports, interviews, newspapers,
informants, wire taps, government
reports, rumors, casebook records,
utility bills, interrogations, physical
evidence, undercover investigation.

 PERSONS. PLACES. THINGS.

EVENTS
 Intelligence Cycle
Collection of
Information

Direction/Planning of
the Collection Effort Processing - Evaluate,
analyze, integrate,
Interpret

Dissemination and Use

 What comprises the intelligence
cycle?
 The Intelligence Cycle is composed of :
 Collection of information
 Processing of information
 Dissemination and Use of Intelligence
 Direction of the Collection Effort.
 Collection of Information
Each collecting agency of a command is responsible
for procurement, collecting and transmitting all
information of perceived intelligence value to
adjacent and higher headquarters with the least
possible delay even in the absence of specific
instruction. This is referred to as the essence of
procurement of information of which the most vital
factor is access of either the agents or informants to
the desired facts without arousing the attention of
the subject or those given the task to protect them.
 
 Processing of Information
 Intelligence Data Processing:
 (1) is a process through which information is
managed,
 (2) can increases our knowledge of a particular
problem and situation, and
 (3) results in preventive and informed public
policy. Intelligence is a necessity for the
successful investigation of today’s sophisticated
criminals and an invaluable asset for police
managers in making well informed decisions.
The principle involved in the processing of
information is that all information with
relevant intelligence value to determine the
credibility of its source and the accuracy of
the facts obtained. Evaluated information is
then subject to interpretation to determine its
significance in the light of all other
intelligence at hand. Processing- is a step by
which the intelligence is transformed from
raw facts or materials to intelligence data. It
involves three processes namely: Collation,
Evaluation and Interpretation.
What is the Evaluation Code?
According to the source of information:

T - Direct observation by the Unit

Commander
U – Report made by the intelligence Agents
V – Report rendered by military or law
enforcement personnel
W – A result of interrogation
X - Observation of any government civilian
employee
Y/Z – Obtained from documents
 Dissemination and Use of
Intelligence
The intelligence duly processed must be
presented to the Commander to enable him
to formulate decisions and plans and is
distributed to all higher, adjacent and lower
offices in the time for it to be of value.
Timeliness which connotes that it should be
forwarded without delay when needed and
Propriety in the sense that it must be clear
and concise, the two must be observed at all
times.
 
 Direction of the Collection
Effort
The principle in planning the collection
effort is based on the collecting agency's
capability. This is to ensure that the
coordinated search for information
sought may be obtained to govern the
future conduct of the unit. It embodies
the following elements or features:
 The essential elements of information needed

 The collection plan including choosing the

personnel

 The implementation process by issuance of

necessary orders
Supervision and follow up.
 What is EEI?
 Essential Elements of Information . They are particular
requirement for information which the end user needs to govern
the conduct of the operations. In the formulation of the
essential elements of information the following must be
considered:
 The available lines of actions the target, subject or enemy may
adopt which will interfere with or favor the accomplishment of
the mission.
 The next major decision which can be foreseen at present and
additional information needed to decide.(Alternate or back-up
plan)
 Information pertaining to the situation confronting the unit
requested by adjacent or higher command.
 What is cryptography?
Cryptography is simply defined as an art and science of
making, devising and protecting codes and ciphers. It is a
science of preparing communication intended to be
intelligible only to the person possessing the key or method
of developing the hidden meaning by crypto-analysis using
apparently incoherent text. In its widest sense,
cryptography includes the use of concealed messages,
ciphers, and codes. Concealed messages, such as hose
hidden in otherwise innocent text and those written in
invisible ink, depend for their success on being unsuspected,
once they are discovered, they frequently offer little
difficulty to decipherment.
Codes, in which words and phrases are
represented by predetermined words, numbers, or
symbols, are usually impossible to read without
they key code book. The term cryptography is
sometimes restricted to the use of ciphers, that is,
to methods of transposing the letters of plain text
(unencrypted) messages or to methods involving
the substitution of other letters or symbols for the
original letters of a message, and to various
combinations of such methods, all according to
prearranged systems.
 SECRET SERVICE
 VIP protection or security- also
referred to as Personal Security, it
utilized in the protection of personnel
especially high ranking officials,
foreign dignitaries, and prominent
private individuals from harm,
kidnapping and other similar threats
 “Theory of Concentrate Circle
Type of Defense”
 It states that any potential attack will
have to penetrate layer after layer of
defenders the heaviest layer of defense
is located at the VIP area. In practice
three rings are to be established
covering the VIP.
 It consists of the Outer ring, Middle
ring and Inner ring.
 The outer ring - personnel posted at sidewalks, in
front of residence, office and covering all entrances.

 The Middle ring - personnel deployed inside the

residence, office, quarters covering all stairway and
elevators.

 Inner ring - composed of personnel posted

immediately outside the VIP’s door and the close-in
security detail.
 General duties of VIP security in
emergency situation:
 1. The primary duty is to attempt to cover the VIP as
closely as possible so as to effectively shield the VIP by
placing themselves between the VIP and the direction or
source of threat or danger.

 2. Second duty is to remove the VIP as quickly as

possible from the established attack or kill zone.
  
 3. Neutralization is undertaken when the VIP is out of
harm’s way by trying to locate, identify and capture
alive if possible the attackers.
POLICE RECORDS AND PERSONNEL
MANAGEMENT -The course deals with
the study of the concepts and principles
of management as applied to law
enforcement. The activities and
processes involved in human resource
of the PNP from recruitment to
retirement. The PNP and NAPOLCOM
Rules and Regulations. It also focus on
police records, documents its
classification and use from creation to
final disposition.
 What is police personnel
management?
 
Police personnel management is an art of
preparing, organizing and directing the efforts of
the members of the police force in order that they
may achieve the accomplishment of the police
purpose. It is that field of management involving
planning, organizing, directing and controlling the
efforts of a group of people toward achieving a
common goal with maximum dispatch and
minimum expense.
 What is personnel
administration?
Personnel administration is the
technique of organizing and handling
of people at work in all levels and
types of management.
 What are the elements of
management?
 Elements of Management:
 Authority- which comes from law,
delegation and tradition.
 Responsibility- which is a state of

being accountable.
Authority and Responsibility going
hand in hand:
 
Authority must be commensurate with
responsibility. No one should be held
responsible for the outcome of task
unless he has been given the
corresponding authority for the
performance of the task. This requires
proper delegation of authority-that is- the
one to whom authority has been
delegated is accountable for its proper
use.
 What is the difference
between administration and
management?
Administration denotes functions that determine the basic
policies, programs and the means and methods to the
employed to achieve them. While, management covers
functions that directs and guides the activities of the human
resources of the organization toward realization of policies
and programs and objectives. By its structure and legal
creation, the Philippine National Police is characterized as a
centralized police force, adhering to the Continental theory,
wherein the police force is a tool or servant of higher state
or authority.
 What is the difference
between vision and mission?
THE PNP VISION “ We are committed to the
vision of a professional, dynamic and highly
motivated PNP, supported by a responsive
community regarded as one of the most credible
national institutions and ranked among the best
in Asia.” An organization’s mission is its rationale
for existence. Mission statements are brief,
believable, easy to understand and widely
known. Mission statements are supplemented by
values to which they are based.
The PNP Mission “The PNP shall
enforce the law, prevent and control
crime, Maintain peace and order,
ensure the public safety and internal
security with the active support of the
community.”
 What are policies?
Policies refer to those tools of management which
life and direction to the programs of activities and
sets limits within which action is to be pursued by
the personnel concerned. It may also be defined
as a “general plan of action” that serves as a
guide in the operation of the organization. It
defines authority and responsibility of
subordinates. And formulated by management to
guide the men on operational level.
 What are the types of policies?
 Originated policy- this type comes from the highest
rank or top management and is intended to set up
guidelines in the operation of the organization.
 Appealed policy- this type of policy is born when
problems arise at the lower levels of the organization
and the man in charge does not know how to meet the
problem.
 Imposed policy- This type of policy comes from the
government in forms of laws, administrative orders,
rules and procedures and specifications.
 Policies and Procedure
distinguished.
Policies are guideline governing future courses of action
and therefore they have to be stable. Procedure on the one
hand is the actual courses of action such working details
methods of operation, paperwork, review, routing letters.
Regulations are rules intended to guide the conduct of the
personnel which are restrictive and aim to force the officers
to adhere to specific codes of conduct. Work simplification it
is a method of finding easier ways of doing work to
increase productivity, work quality, meet work schedule,
reduce waste, lower accident rates and reduce costs. This
method is also utilized in law enforcement administrative
service.
 What are the functions of
Management?
 Functions of Management is enumerated as follows:
 Planning
 Organizing
 Directing
 Staffing
 Coordinating
 Reporting
 Budgeting
 Planning
Is the determination in advance how the objectives
of the organization will be attained. This would
include the determination of the course of action
to take in a particular task, function or activity.
Planning may be further defined as the act of
determining guidelines and policies for police
activities and operations and providing safeguards
and controls for such endeavors in the
department. working out in broad outline the
things that need to be done and the methods for
doing them to accomplish the purpose set for the
enterprise.
 Organizing
Involves the allocation and determination of men
and women as well as the resource of an
organization to achieve pre-determined objectives
and goals of the organization. establishment of the
formal structure of authority through which work
subdivisions are arranged, defined, and
coordinated for the define objective. Two villains in
the waste of manpower in an organization:
-Doing unnecessary work; and
-Doing necessary work inefficiently.
 
 Directing
It is the overseeing and supervising of the human
resources and the various activities in an
organization to achieve through cooperative
efforts the predetermined goals of the
organization. Work delegation. The act of
transmitting to a person the power to act for
another. Delegation to be proper should
accompany a corresponding authority, specific
responsibilities and finally accountability on the
delegated job or position. task of making
decisions and embodying them in specific and
general orders and instructions.
 Staffing

The task of providing competent men to

do the job and selecting the right man for
the job. It involves good selection and the
processing of reliable and well-trained
personnel. Filling the organization with
the right people and right position.
 
 Coordinating

the all-important duty of

interrelating the various parts of
the work.
 Controlling
Involves the evaluation or checking and
measurement of work performance and
comparing it with planned goals, as well as
making the necessary corrective actions so that
work is accomplished as planned. Control as a
function of management aims at making sure
that the objectives and policies of the
organization are carried out according to the
approved plan, organizational needs, and the
orders, which have been issued.
 Reporting
The making of detailed account of activities, work
progress, investigations and unusual occurrences in
order to keep everyone informed. Police reports are used
to: Permanently records data and facts; provide
particulars of an incident to be used for follow-up
investigations; provide data for a uniform crime reporting
system and document the past and strategize future
services. is keeping those to whom the executive is
responsible informed as to what is going on, which thus
includes keeping himself and his subordinates informed
through records research and inspection.
 Budgeting
The forecasting in detail the results of an
efficiently reorganized program of operation based
on the highest reasonable expectations of
operating efficiency. It is the total coordinating and
operating financial factors. The role of budgeting
in management: It is a tool of management in the
coordination of operation and financial factors and
It is the preparation of expenditure forecasts for
the coming fiscal gear and the expected money
collections. with all that goes of budgeting in the
form of fiscal planning, accounting, and control
 What are the types of police
records?
 Case records - Which is composed of complaints and assignment
sheet and investigation report. A complaint or assignment sheet
contains information concerning reports and complaints received by
a police unit from the public and the actions initiated by the police.
On the other hand, an investigation report reflects the findings of an
investigating officer from inquiries and other facts and
circumstances concerning the commission of a crime.

 Arrests and booking records – This records data pertaining to

the identity and violations of law of a suspected criminal and other
known criminals which bear an arrest number for each
apprehension made by police officers.
 Identification records – This is a major classification of police
records in which the fingerprint record comprises the core of the
identification system. This includes among others Modus Operandi
files, Rouge Gallery as well as detailed information pertaining to
the physical characteristics of mostly known criminals.
 

 Administrative records – These are documentations needed in

managing the department’s personnel which id used to assists in
assignments, promotions, training demotions, issuance of
disciplinary orders, commendations and the likes.
 
COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM - This
covers the selected comparison of the
Philippine National Police and other Law
Enforcement Agencies and police
organizations and models in Asia, Europe,
North America, Latin America, Australia,
Africa. Their relation with the INTERPOL
and other Anti-Crime bodies against
transnational crimes and their
coordination and role in attaining peace
and security and upholding the rule of
law.
 What is the etymology of the
word police?
The word police comes from the Latin politia (“civil
administration”), which itself derives from the Ancient Greek
πόλις, for polis (“city”). The term police refers to a body of
civil authority, which is tasked to maintain peace and order,
enforce the law, protect lives and properties and insure
public safety. Regarded as the initiators of the criminal
justice system, society’s first line of defense against crime
and criminality. Police are agents or agencies authorized to
use force and other forms of coercion and legal means to
effect public and social order. The term is most regularly
associated with police departments of a state that are
empowered to exercise the police power of that state within
a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility.
 What is the nature of police
function?
The history of policing and its forms have existed for several thousand years,
with religious, political, or military police wielding power as early as the time of
Babylon. Early police were typically either military or semi-military organizations
that evolved from the personal bodyguards of rulers and warlords or from
community organizations in which citizens banded together for mutual
protection. The duties of the military type of police consisted of keeping the
public order and enforcing the religious or political mandates of those in power.
Rome, under emperor Augustus, had one of the earliest forms of organized
policing. In 7 B.C. Augustus divided Rome into 14 regions (wards), each
divided into vici (precincts) overseen by vicomagistri responsible for fire
protection, among other administrative and religious duties. In A.D. 6, after a
particularly bad fire, Augustus expanded the city’s fire brigade into a corps,
consisting of seven squads, or cohorts, of 1,000 freedmen each. Each cohort
was responsible for fire and, especially at night, police protection in two
regions. To further impose order on the often violent streets of his city of
nearly 1,000,000, Augustus created three cohorts of police, part of the army of
the state, who were placed under the command of the urban prefect. These
cohorts could, in turn, call upon the emperor’s own bodyguard (the Praetorian
Guard) for assistance.
 The development of "police"
In Western culture, the modern concept of a police paid by the government
was developed by French legal scholars and practitioners in the 17th century
and early 18th century, notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police
("Treatise of the Police", published between 1705 and 1738). The German
Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) was also a significant theoretical
formulation of police. In London, there existed watchmen hired to patrol the
streets at night since 1663, the first paid law enforcement body in the
country, augmenting the force of unpaid constables. The first police force in
the modern sense was established by the regime of King Louis XIV in 1667 to
police the city of Paris, then the largest city of Europe and considered the
most dangerous European city. The royal decree, registered by the Parlement
of Paris on March 15, 1667 created the office of lieutenant general of police
(“lieutenant général de police”), who was to be the head of the new Paris
police force. The same edict defined police as the task of "ensuring the peace
and quiet of the public and of private individuals, eradicating the city of what
may cause disturbances, procuring abundance, and having each and
everyone live according to their class and their duties".
 Modern police system
After the predicament of the French Revolution the
Paris police force was restructured by Napoléon I on
February 17, 1800 as the Prefecture of Police, along
with the reorganization of police forces in all French
cities with more than 5,000 residents. On March 12,
1829, a government decree established the first
uniformed policemen in Paris and all French cities,
known as city sergeants (“sergents de ville”), it was
argued that the Paris Prefecture of Police's were the
first uniformed policemen in the world.
In the Philippines, the Spanish regime adopted a
police system in which the maintenance of peace
and order as well as the enforcement of laws are
an integral part of the military system for the
defense of the colony. In the year 1712, the
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica was organized
as a mounted riflemen or cavalry whose duties
expanded in 1781 from a special commission as
government custodian of the tobacco monopoly to
a distinct group charged with the duties of a
harbor, port, border and river police.
In the United Kingdom, the progress of police
system was much slower than in the rest of
Europe. In the 18th century the term "police" was
borrowed from French into the English language.
The concept and the word concept of police itself,
was "detested as a symbol of foreign oppression".
Prior to the 19th century, the only official use of the
word "police" recorded in the United Kingdom was
the appointment of Commissioners of Police for
Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the
Marine Police in 1798 created to protect
merchandise at the Port of London.
On June 30, 1800, the authorities of Glasgow,
Scotland successfully petitioned the Government
to pass the Glasgow Police Act creating the
City of Glasgow Police. This was the first
professional police service in the country that
varied from prior law enforcement in that it was a
preventive police force. This was promptly adopted
in other Scottish towns, which established their
own police forces by individual Acts of Parliament.
On September 29, 1829, the Metropolitan Police Act was
enacted by Parliament, allowing Sir Robert Peel, the then
home secretary, to establish the London
Metropolitan Police. This group of Police are usually
referred to as ´Bobbies´ due to the fact that it was Sir
Robert (Bobby) Peel who authorized it. They were
considered as the most efficient forerunners of a modern
Police force and became a model for the police forces in
most countries, such as the United States, and most of the
then British Empire Commonwealth Countries. Many of the
Commonwealth Countries developed Police Forces using
similar models such as Australia and New Zealand.
Bobbies can still be found in many parts of the world,
normally in British Overseas Territories or ex-colonies,
Bermuda, Gibraltar or St Helena. The type of policing in
Britain had as its primary role the keeping of the
Queen's Peace and this has continued to the present day.
In North America, the Toronto Police was
created in Canada in 1834, one of the first
municipal police departments on that
continent, followed by police forces in
Montreal and Quebec City both founded in
1838. In the United States, the first
organized police service was founded in
Boston in 1838, New York in 1844, and
Philadelphia in 1854.
 What is the INTERPOL?
The International Criminal Police Organization, more popularly known
by its telegraphic address Interpol is an organization assisting
international police cooperation. Interpol was founded in Austria in
1923 as the International Criminal Police Commission, with
headquarters located in Vienna until 1942. Following the German-
Austrian union (“Anschluss”) in 1938, it fell under the control of
Nazi Germany and was utilized as a Gestapo information-gathering
unit. Its headquarters were relocated to Berlin in 1942. After the end of
World War II in 1945, it was reorganized by senior military officials
from Belgium, France, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, and new
headquarters were established in Saint Cloud, a town on the outskirts
of Paris. In 1956 it adopted its telegraphic address as its name in 1956.
They remained there until 1989, when they were moved to their
present location, Lyons. Interpol is the world's fourth-largest
international organization, with a membership of 186 countries.
Member countries provides finance of around €41.7 million through
annual contributions. The organization's headquarters is located in
Lyons, France.
In order to maintain political neutrality,
Interpol's constitution prohibits its
involvement in crimes that do not overlap
several member countries, or in any military,
political, racial or religious crime. Its
operation focuses primarily on public safety,
terrorism, organized crime, war crimes,
illicit drug production, drug trafficking,
weapons smuggling,
trafficking in human beings,
money laundering, child pornography,
white-collar crime, computer crime and
corruption.
Each member country operates a National Central Bureau (NCB)
manned by national law enforcement officers. The NCB is the
designated contact point for the Interpol General Secretariat,
regional bureaux and other member countries necessitating aid with
overseas investigations and the location and apprehension of
international fugitives. This is particularly significant in countries
which have many law-enforcement agencies. The NCB for the
Philippines is housed at the National Bureau of Investigation, under
the Department of Justice will ensure the proper transmission of
information to the correct agency involved with law enforcement and
criminal justice. Interpol maintains a substantial database charting
unsolved crimes and both convicted and alleged criminals. At any
given time, a member nation has access to specific sections of the
database and its police forces are encouraged to check information
held by Interpol whenever a major crime is committed. The
underlying principle behind this is that criminal syndicates such as
drug traffickers have international connection, and so it is likely that
crimes will extend beyond political boundaries. A member nation's
police force can contact one or more member nations by sending a
message relayed through Interpol.
 OFFICIAL LANGUAGE USED BY THE
(INTERPOL)

 Spanish S
 Arabic A
 French F
 English E
 ASEANAPOL
 Goals and Objectives of ASEANAPOL:
 Enhancing police professionalism
 Forging stronger regional co-operation in
police work
 Promoting lasting friendship amongst the
police officers of ASEAN countries
 ASEANAPOL MEMBERS
COUNTRIES:
 INDONESIA,
 MALAYSIA,
 PHILIPPINES,
 SINGAPORE,
 THAILAND
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF
POLICE (IACP)

 The world's oldest and largest nonprofit

membership organization of police
executives, with over 20,000 members in
over 89 different countries. IACP's
leadership consists of the operating chief
executives of international, federal, state
and local agencies of all sizes.
GOOD LUCK AND GOD
BLESS US…