Point of Comparison

• One aspect of researcher’s control over

research condition is the provision of point of
comparison. This can be accomplished by
comparing
- The same group or subject performance at
different level of independent variable
Level one
e.g. 5mg
Same group panadol
Within group or repeated
measure design
Level two
e.g. 20mg
panadol
• One group performance at one level of
Independent variable with second group
performance at second level of same IV
• See examples from Sherry L. Jackson or from
the lectures already delivered.

Group A 5mg Panadol

Between group or
independent group
design
10 mg
Group B Panadol
 shorthand
• O = observation, it can be dependent variable
• X= Independent variable or manipulation

Within group design

O X O
Between Group Design
X O Group 1
X O Group 2
Or
Even we can have a following combination
O X O Group 1
O X O Group 2