Contents

CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERS.........................................................................................................2

Paranoid Personality Disorder:................................................................................................................2
Symptoms:...........................................................................................................................................2
Treatment:...........................................................................................................................................2
Schizoid Personality Disorder..................................................................................................................3
Symptoms:...........................................................................................................................................3
Treatment:...........................................................................................................................................3
Schizotypal Personality Disorder.............................................................................................................4
Symptoms:...........................................................................................................................................4
Treatment:...........................................................................................................................................4
CLUSTER B PERSONALITY DISORDERS:.........................................................................................................4
Antisocial Personality Disorder:...............................................................................................................5
Symptoms:...........................................................................................................................................5
Treatment:...........................................................................................................................................5
Dependant personality disorder..............................................................................................................6
Symptoms............................................................................................................................................6
Treatment:...........................................................................................................................................7
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder.............................................................................................7
Symptoms............................................................................................................................................7
Treatment:...........................................................................................................................................8
Personality change due to medical condition..........................................................................................8
Treatment:...........................................................................................................................................8
Other specified personality disorders......................................................................................................8
Unspecified personality disorder:............................................................................................................9
CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERS

Paranoid Personality Disorder:

Symptoms:

1. Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving.
2. Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends.
3. Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be
used maliciously against him or her.
4. Reads hidden demeaning.
5. Persistently bears grudges (i.e. - is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights)
6. Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and
is quick to react angrily or to counterattack
7. Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual
partner.

Treatment:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT):

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help someone with paranoid personality

disorder recognize their destructive beliefs and thought patterns. By changing how
these beliefs influence their behavior, CBT can help reduce paranoia and improve how
well your loved one interacts with others.

Medications:

Healthcare providers generally don't prescribe medication to treat PPD. However,

medications — such as anti-anxiety, antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs — might be
prescribed if the person's symptoms are extreme or if they have an associated
psychological condition, such as anxiety or depression.
Schizoid Personality Disorder

Symptoms:

1. Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of family.
2. Chooses solitary activities.
3. None or little interest in having sexual experiences.
4. Takes pleasure in few activities.
5. Lacks close friends or confidants.
6. Appears indifferent to praise or criticism.
7. Shows emotional coldness, detachment or flattened affectivity.

Treatment:

Talk therapy (psychotherapy):

Psychotherapy can be helpful. If you'd like to develop closer relationships, a modified

form of cognitive behavioral therapy may help you change the beliefs and behaviors that
are problems. A therapist understands your need for personal space and how difficult it is
for you to open up about your inner life. He or she can listen to and help guide you
without pushing too hard.
Group therapy:

A goal of individual treatment may be a group setting in which you can interact with others
who are also practicing new interpersonal skills. In time, group therapy may also provide a
support structure and improve your social skills.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Symptoms:

1. A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits.

2. Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference).
3. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior.
4. Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions.
 5. Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or
stereotyped).
6. Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.
7. Inappropriate or constricted affect.
8. Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar.
9. Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
10. Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be
associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self.

Treatment:

Psychotherapy:

Psychotherapy may help people with schizotypal personality disorder begin to trust others and
learn coping skills by building a trusting relationship with a therapist. This may include:

a. Cognitive-behavioral therapy — Identifying and challenging negative thought patterns,

learning specific social skills, and modifying problem behaviors.
b. Supportive therapy — Offering encouragement and fostering adaptive skills.
c. Family therapy — Involving family members, which may help improve communication,
trust and the ability to work together in the home.

CLUSTER B PERSONALITY DISORDERS:

- Antisocial Personality Disorder

- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder:

Symptoms:

1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors.

2. Repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.
3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
4. Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work
behavior or honor financial obligations
7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt,
mistreated, or stolen from another.

Treatment:

Coping and support:

A mental health professional can teach you skills to learn how to set boundaries and help protect
yourself from the aggression, violence and anger common to antisocial personality disorder. He
or she can also recommend strategies for coping. Seek a mental health professional who has
training and experience in managing antisocial personality disorder. Ask your loved one's
treatment team for a referral. They may also be able to recommend support groups for families
and friends affected by antisocial personality disorder.

Psychotherapy:
Psychotherapy, also called talk therapy, is sometimes used to treat antisocial personality
disorder. Therapy may include, for example, anger and violence management, treatment for
alcohol or substance misuse, and treatment for other mental health conditions.
Dependant personality disorder

Symptoms

1. Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from
others.

2. Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.

3. Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval.
(Note: Do not include realistic fears of retribution.)

4. Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a lack of self-confidence
in judgment or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy).

5. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering
to do things that are unpleasant.

6. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for
himself or herself.

7. Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends.

8. Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself or herself.

Treatment:
Psychopharmacological treatment has been partially effective in the treatment of ‘Dependency
personality disorders’. However, the biggest challenge is the pace of therapy as patient with DPD, fall
out of therapy very quickly. Moreover, they tend to lean heavily on drugs to appease anxiety levels most
often associated to DPD. Psychodynamic therapy was thought to be only effective approach around five
decades back as it showed effective results in some controlled trial studies. It is suggested using a
collaborative approach of supportive therapy, psychoanalytical intervention and cognitive behaviour
therapy for effective results.1
1
https://psychcentral.com/disorders/dependent-personality-disorder/treatment
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Symptoms

1. Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major
point of the activity is lost.

2. Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project
because his or her own overly strict standards are not met).

3. Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships
(not accounted for by obvious economic necessity).

4. Is over conscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not
accounted for by cultural or religious identification).

5. Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.

6. Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of
doing things.

7. Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be
hoarded for future catastrophes.

8. Shows rigidity and stubbornness

Treatment:
Currently, experts believe antidepressants and anticonvulsants may offer the most benefit.
Some research shows CBT to be useful for OCPD while other studies show no improvements
from the treatment style.2

Personality change due to medical condition

A. A persistent personality disturbance that represents a change from the individual’s previous
characteristic personality pattern. Note: In children, the disturbance involves a marked deviation from
normal development or a significant change in the child’s usual behavior patterns, lasting at least 1 year.
B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is
the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition.
2
https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/ocpd/treatment/
C. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (including another mental
disorder due to another medical condition).

D. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.

E. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other
important areas of functioning.

Treatment:
Once the medication is ceased from usage, person will most often come back to their baseline
personality.

Other specified personality disorders

This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a personality disorder that
cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of
functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the personality
disorders diagnostic class.

Unspecified personality disorder:

The unspecified personality disorder category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses not to
specify the reason that the criteria are not met for a specific personality disorder and includes
presentations in which there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis
https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/ocpd/treatment/

https://psychcentral.com/disorders/dependent-personality-disorder/treatment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder_not_otherwise_specified