FIRST AID TECHNIQUES

COMMON INJURIES AND ILLNESSES

 INTRODUCTION

• Adequately trained BHWs are expected to provide DOH-

recognized first aid techniques while waiting for the health
personnel to arrive or while in transit during actual referral.

• In all emergencies, always call for help or

ask a bystander to call for help before
starting the first aid measures.
 • Benign febrile
convulsion is presented
as generalized
BENIGN seizures secondary
FEBRILE
CONVULSION to high grade fever
common among
children ≤ 6 yrs old.
 • CALL FOR HELP!

• NEVER wrap a person

WHAT TO with fever to avoid
DO? further increase in
temperature.
FEBRILE
CONVULSIONS

• NEVER stop or control

the shaking movements
to avoid injuries.
 • Give a sponge bath
(alternating wet and dry
cloth) until the temperature
WHAT TO goes down to normal.
DO?
• Regularly check body
FEBRILE temperature.
CONVULSIONS

• Encourage and assist

family members to the
nearest health facility.
 • CALL FOR HELP!

• In all types of poisoning AND if the

patient is conscious, give lots of water
WHAT TO to drink.
DO?
• NEVER ask the patient to vomit if the
poison is a chemical substance or when
POISONING there are burn marks on the lips or
mouth.

• Check vital signs.

• Refer.
 • All types of wounds are
potential entry points of
infection. It is very
important to wash all types
WOUNDS
of wounds no matter how
small its physical
appearance may be to
prevent infection.
 • CALL FOR HELP!

• Wash hands with soap and water.

WHAT TO
• Clean the wound with soap and
DO? water to remove dirt, sand or dried
blood then apply betadine in a
WOUNDS clockwise motion (inner to outer).

• Cover the wound with clean gauze

or cloth.

• Refer .
 Bleeding can be external
(wound or open fractures)
BLEEDING and internal (bloody
discharge from the nose, ears,
vagina, anus).
 • CALL FOR HELP!

• Check vital signs.

WHAT TO
DO? • For active external bleeding,
elevate the affected area and
apply direct pressure with a
BLEEDING
clean cloth until the bleeding
stops.

• REFER!
 Seek emergency help if you are
pregnant and you have:
• Heavy vaginal bleeding
• Severe pain
WHAT TO • Frequent contractions

DO? 1. Monitor Bleeding

• Put on a sanitary pad or panty liner to keep
track of the amount of bleeding.
BLEEDING 2. Prevent Further Bleeding
• Don’t insert anything into the vagina.
3. Get Help
• Call your health care provider immediately .
A health care provider will examine you for
signs of dangerous blood loss and may do
tests to confirm the health of your pregnancy.
 Food poisoning is a common,
yet distressing and sometimes
life-threatening problem.
FOOD
POISONING People infected with food-borne
organisms may be symptom-free
or may have symptoms ranging
from mild intestinal discomfort
to severe dehydration and
bloody diarrhea.
 1.Control Nausea and Vomiting

• Avoid solid foods until vomiting ends.

Then eat light, bland foods, such as
WHAT TO saltine crackers, bananas, rice, or
bread.
DO?
• Sipping liquids may help avoid
FOOD vomiting.
POISONING
• Don’t take anti-nausea or diarrhea
medications without asking your
doctor. Your doctor may give you anti-
nausea medication if you are at risk of
being dehydrated.
 2. Prevent Dehydration
• Drink clear fluids, starting
WHAT TO with small sips and
DO? gradually drinking more.

FOOD • If vomiting and diarrhea

POISONING
last more than 24 hours,
drink an oral rehydration
solution.
 3. When to Call a Doctor

• Call a doctor immediately if

symptoms last more than 3 days and
include:
WHAT TO • Severe belly pain
DO? • Fever
• Bloody diarrhea or dark stools
FOOD • Vomiting that is prolonged or
POISONING bloody
• Signs of dehydration such as dry
mouth, decreased
urination, dizziness, fatigue, or
increased heart rate or breathing
rate
 Take Fluids
• Give an adult plenty of clear fluid,
like fruit juices and clear broth.
WHAT TO
DO? • Give a child or infant frequent sips
of a rehydration solution such as
hydrite or pedialyte.
DIARRHEA
• Make sure the person drinks more
fluids than they are losing through
diarrhea. If they are unable to keep
up with their losses, call a doctor.
 Call a doctor right away if:

• You suspect that you or

• your child is dehydrated.

WHAT TO • An infant 3 months old or younger

DO? has vomiting or diarrhea.

• There is blood or mucus in the stool, or

DIARRHEA the stool is black.

• There is fever.

• The person is losing more fluid in his

stool than he can replace by drinking
fluids.
 1. Stop Burning Immediately
• Put out fire or stop the person's
contact with hot liquid, steam,
WHAT or other material.
TO DO? • Remove hot or burned clothing.
If clothing sticks to skin, cut or
BURNS tear around it.
(FIRST
DEGREE) 2. Remove Constrictive
Clothing Immediately
• Take off jewelry, belts, and tight
clothing. Burns can swell
quickly.
 1. Cool Burn
• Hold burned skin under cool
(not cold) running water or
immerse in cool water until
WHAT TO pain subsides.
DO?
BURNS 2. Protect Burn
(FIRST • Cover with clean, non-adhesive
DEGREE) bandage or clean cloth.
• Do not apply butter or
ointments, which can cause
infection.
 3. Seek medical help
if:

WHAT TO • You see signs of infection,

DO? like increased pain, redness,
swelling, fever, or oozing
BURNS discharges.
(FIRST
DEGREE) • Redness and pain last more
than a few hours.

• Pain worsens.
 QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION