ESC 204 – Community-based Resource Management (CBRM)

1st Semester, SY 2021-2022

Additional Diagrams and Notes for

CBRM Context
Week 13, Wednesday, April 20, 2022
 Elements
1. Definitions
2. Thematic areas – reading
3. Program/project evaluation
4. Synthesis
 CBRM Thematic Areas
Marine Protected
Area (MPA) – Ferse et
al. 2010 + Christie et
al. 2002; etc.

Forest Area – DBP

Forest Program CBRM

Tourism Area –
CBST

Fisheries – Use
Sara MP paper
 Resource Management
1. Conservation versus allocation
2. Allocation versus Conservation
3. Simultaneous
 Rational for resource management?

• Club of Rome’s The Limits

to Growth argued and
provided evidence that
the earth’s natural
resources are
approaching their limits
• Need to manage the
resources sustainably
their existence
Source: https://clubofrome.org/publication/the-limits-to-growth/
 Five basic factors that determine and, in their
interactions, ultimately limit growth on this planet

1. population increase
2. agricultural production
3. nonrenewable resource depletion
4. industrial output
5. pollution generation

Source: https://clubofrome.org/publication/the-limits-to-growth/
 Efficiency/effectiveness in resource use

1. Preservation (PAs)
2. Conservation and/or wise management
1. Trees
2. Fish
3. Policies that integrate economic and ecological
principles + technology
1. Baywalk
3. emphasis on long-term sustainability of
resource use (in perpetuity)
 Ecological-Economic Linkage
• The economic system is linked within the
ecosystem
– Market-driven economy
– Socialist system
• Biophysical resources (energy, materials, and
ecological processing cycles) flow from the
ecosystem into the economic system
• Pollution as by-products (externalities)
 Resource Management Problematic in
Practice / Real World
• because of ‘wicked’ problems of development
• Contextual nature of Development solutions;
what will work in one place may not work in
another.
 Wicked problem
• In planning and policy, a wicked problem is a
problem that is difficult or impossible to solve
because of incomplete, contradictory, and
changing requirements that are often difficult
to recognize.
• It refers o an idea or problem that cannot be
fixed, where there is no single solution to the
problem; and "wicked" denotes resistance to
resolution, rather than evil.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_problem#:~:text=In%20planning%20and%20policy%2C%20a,are%20often%20difficult%20to%20recognize .
Conklin's defining characteristics, re: concept
of problem wickedness
1. The problem is not understood until after the
formulation of a solution.
2. Wicked problems have no stopping rule.
3. Solutions to wicked problems are not right or wrong.
4. Every wicked problem is essentially novel and unique.
5. Every solution to a wicked problem is a 'one shot
operation.'
6. Wicked problems have no given alternative solutions.
What/Why resource management problems
are wicked problems?
1. global climate change
2. natural hazards
3. Solid wastes
4. Pollution (Baywalk again!)
5. CBRM/CBST