Concentration of solutions

CONCENTRATED = Lots of solute in the

solution

DILUTE = Not much solute in the solution

 Ways to express concentration
numerically

• Molarity
• % by Mass
• % by Volume
• Parts per million
MOLARITY
Molarity = # of moles of solute in 1
liter of solution
See Table T
 Molarity Problems
What is the molarity of a solution of NaOH if
there are 4 moles of NaOH dissolved
water to make 1 liter of solution?

4 moles = 4M
1 liter
 Molarity Problems
What is the molarity of a solution of NaOH if
there are 4 moles of NaOH dissolved
water to make 2 liters of solution?

4 moles = 2M
2 liter
 Molarity Problems
What is the molarity of a solution of NaOH if
there are 2 moles of NaOH dissolved
water to make 6 liters of solution?

2 moles = .33 M
6 liters
 Molarity Problems
What is the molarity of a solution of NaOH if
there are 2 moles of NaOH dissolved
water to make .5 liters of solution?

2 moles = 4M
.5 liters
 Molarity Problems
What is the molarity of a solution of NaOH if
there are 40 grams of NaOH dissolved
water to make 1 liters of solution?

First, convert grams to moles:

Na = 23 g/mol
O = 16 g/mol so 40 g = 1 mole
H= 1 g/mol
40 g/mole GFM
 Molarity Problems
What is the molarity of a solution of NaOH if
there are 40 grams of NaOH dissolved
water to make 1 liters of solution?

1 moles = 1 M
1 liters
 Molarity Problems
What is the molarity of a solution of NaOH if
there are 80 grams of NaOH dissolved
water to make 1 liters of solution?

80g/40g/mol = 2 moles

2 moles = 2 M
1 liters
 Molarity Problems
What is the molarity of a solution of NaOH if
there are 3.6 grams of NaOH dissolved
water to make 2 liters of solution?

3.6g/40g/mole = 0.09 moles

0.09 moles = 0.045 M

2 liters
 In General….
Concentrations < 1M are considered weak,
or dilute

Concentrations > 1M are considered strong,

or concentrated

Always know the concentration of your

solution before you use it!!!! (read the
label)
 Can you….
Rearrange the molarity equation to solve for
moles?

Molarity = Moles
Liter

moles = ?
 Can you….
Rearrange the molarity equation to solve for
moles?

Molarity = Moles
Liter

moles = Liter x Molarity

 Can you….
Rearrange the molarity equation to solve for
Liters?

Molarity = Moles
Liter

Liters = ?
 Can you….
Rearrange the molarity equation to solve for
Liters?

Molarity = Moles
Liter

Liters = Moles
Molarity
 Example
How many moles of NaOH do you have if
you have 3 liters of a 0.5M NaOH
solution?
Moles = Molarity x Liters
Moles = 0.5M x 3 liters
Moles = 1.5
 % Mass
Uses the same formula as % composition
(See Table T)

Percent mass = mass of part x 100

Mass of whole
 % Mass
What is the % mass of NaOH if 2.5 g of NaOH are added to
50 g of water?

Percent mass = mass of part (solute) x 100

Mass of whole (solution)

% mass = 2.5g x 100

(2.5 + 50g)

% mass = (2.5 / 52.5) x 100

= 4.76% solution
 % Volume
Uses the same formula as % composition
(See Table T)

Percent volume = volume of part x 100

volume of whole
 % Volume
What is the % volume of NaOH if 20 ml of NaOH are added
to 300 ml of water?

Percent volume = volume of part (solute) x 100

volume of whole (solution)

% volume = 20 ml x 100
(20 ml + 300 ml)

% volume = (20 / 320) x 100

= 6.25% solution
 Parts per million
ppm = grams solute x 1,000,000
grams solution

This is used when the amount of solute is

very very small
 Parts per million
ppm = grams solute x 1,000,000
grams solution

.0043 g of oxygen gas dissolve in 100 ml of

water at 20 degrees celsius. What is the
concentration in ppm?
 Parts per million
ppm = .0043g x 1,000,000
(100 g + 0.0043g)

Concentration = 43 ppm