WEEK 2

GRAMMAR TUTORIAL
 WORD OF THE WEEK
ELUCIDATE verb| ih-LOO-suh-dayt
"to make something that is hard to understand clear or
easy to understand.“
Synonyms: explain, make clear, illuminate
Antonyms: confuse, obscure
 
Word in a sentence:
The author elucidates complex ideas to a general audience.
 TOUNGE TWISTER

Six sick hicks nick six slick

bricks with picks and sticks.
 REVIEW
ACTIVITY: Identify what type of sentences below.
1. What time is it?
2. They could hear me, couldn't they?
3. She doesn’t like me.
4. Good luck!
5. Would you like to play tennis with me later?
6. Please be quiet.
7. Would you like chocolate, vanilla, or strawberry ice cream?
8. How was your date?
9. Did you enjoy watching the movie?
10. We ate pizza for lunch.
• Ouch I slipped on the ice and hurt my ankle 830 in this
morning I can hardly walk run and jump Do you think
my ankle could be broken Perhaps I’d better get a doctor
to have a look at it Could you possibly take me to the
hospital in your car if you’ve time It shouldn’t take very
long, should it It’s not far If you’re in a hurry you can
just drop me outside the hospital and leave I’ll phone my
parents from the hospital and they’ll come and get me
PUNCTUATION
 WHAT IS PUNCTUATION?

• Punctuation is the use of certain established marks

(punctuation marks) or symbols within a piece of written
text.
• It prevents a piece of text from being just a string of
words by breaking up the string of words into
meaningful units and by making the text more fluent.
 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF
PUNCTUATION MARK?
• full stop
• question mark,
• exclamation mark,
• comma,
• COLON
• semicolon,
• QUOTATION MARK
• apostrophe
“ THE FULL STOP, ALSO CALLED PERIOD, IS A
PUNCTUATION MARK CONSISTING OF A SMALL DOT
(.). IT IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PUNCTUATION
MARKS BECAUSE ITS MAIN FUNCTION IS TO MARK
THE END OF A SENTENCE AND SO SEPARATE ONE
SENTENCE FROM ANOTHER. ”
Example:

They are getting married next week. THEY ARE REALLY MEANT FOR EACH OTHER.
“ THE QUESTION MARK (?) IS SOMETIMES
ALSO KNOWN AS THE QUERY AND IT IS
USED TO MARK THE END OF A SENTENCE
WHICH ASKS A QUESTION.
EXAMPLE:
”
Why did they leave so early?
“ THE EXCLAMATION MARK (!) IS USED TO
MARK THE END OF AN EXCLAMATION
OR SOMETIMES A DIRECTIVE.
”
EXAMPLE:

Let me go!
“ A COMMA (,) IS AN EXTREMELY COMMON
PUNCTUATION MARK AND YET THE USE OF
COMMAS CAUSES A GREAT DEAL OF
CONCERN AND CONFUSION IN MANY
PEOPLE.
”
EXAMPLE:
He plays golf and tennis, his brother rugby.
She wore a long, red, FLORAL AND FITTED
dress.
 THE COLON (:) IS A PUNCTUATION
“ MARK THAT IS USED TO SEPARATE TWO
PARTS OF A SENTENCE WHEN THE FIRST
LEADS ON TO THE SECOND. THE COLON
IS USED TO EXPLAIN, INTERPRET,
CLARIFY OR AMPLIFY WHAT HAS GONE
”
BEFORE IT,
EXAMPLE
We have some new information: the allies have landed.
The recipe says we need: tomatoes, peppers, garlic, oregano and basil.
7:30 a.m.
THE SEMICOLON (;) IS A RATHER
“
FORMAL FORM OF PUNCTUATION.
IT IS MAINLY USED BETWEEN
CLAUSES THAT ARE NOT JOINED
BY ANY FORM OF CONJUNCTION, ”
EXAMPLE
We have extra seats for the concert; you must decide right now
whether you want them or not.
 QUOTATION MARKS (‘ . . . ’ OR “ . . . ” ), ALSO
“ KNOWN AS INVERTED COMMAS, ARE USED
TO ENCLOSE MATERIAL THAT IS PART OF
DIRECT SPEECH. DIRECT SPEECH IS A TERM
USED TO DESCRIBE THE REPORTING OF
SPEECH BY REPEATING EXACTLY THE ”
ACTUAL WORDS USED BY THE SPEAKER
EXAMPLE
Peter said, ‘I am tired of this.’
‘Have you read “Animal Farm” by George Orwell?’ the teacher
asked.
AN APOSTROPHE ( ’ ) IS USED WITH THE

“
LETTER S TO INDICATE THAT SOMETHING
BELONGS TO SOMEONE OR SOMETHING. IN
OTHER WORDS IT IS USED TO INDICATE
POSSESSION.
(APOSTROPHE S)
(S APOSTROPHE)
”
EXAMPLE
Peter’s car
Teachers’ cars
“ OUCH SLIPPED ON THE ICE AND HURT MY ANKLE
8 30 IN THIS MORNING I CAN HARDLY WALK RUN
AND JUMP DO YOU THINK MY ANKLE COULD BE

”
BROKEN PERHAPS I’D BETTER GET A DOCTOR TO
HAVE A LOOK AT IT COULD YOU POSSIBLY TAKE
ME TO THE HOSPITAL IN YOUR CAR IF YOU’VE
TIME IT SHOULDN’T TAKE VERY LONG, SHOULD IT
IT’S NOT FAR IF YOU’RE IN A HURRY YOU CAN JUST
DROP ME OUTSIDE THE HOSPITAL AND LEAVE I’LL
PHONE MY PARENTS FROM THE HOSPITAL AND
THEY’LL COME AND GET ME