Introductory Mathematical Analysis

For Business, Economics, and The Life and Social Sciences

Fourteenth Canadian Edition

Chapter 11
Differentiation

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Chapter Objectives (1 of 2)
• To define a derivative and give it a geometric
interpretation.
• To develop the basic rules for differentiating constant
functions and power functions and the combining rules for
differentiating a constant multiple of a function and the sum
of two functions.

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Chapter Objectives (2 of 2)
• To motivate the instantaneous rate of change of a function
by means of velocity and to interpret the derivative as an
instantaneous rate of change. To develop the “marginal”
concept, which is frequently used in business and
economics.
• To find derivatives by applying the product and quotient
rules, and to develop the concepts of marginal propensity
to consume and marginal propensity to save.

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Chapter Outline
11.1) The Derivative
11.2) Rules for Differentiation
11.3) The Derivative as a Rate of Change
11.4) The Product Rule and the Quotient Rule

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11.1 The Derivative (1 of 6)
• Below are examples of a tangent to a curve:

• The slope of a curve at a point P is the slope, if it exists,

of the tangent line at P.

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11.2 Rules for Differentiation
Below are some rules for differentiation:
BASIC RULE 1 Derivative of a Constant:

BASIC RULE 2 Derivative of xn:

COMBINING RULE 1 Constant Factor Rule:

COMBINING RULE 2 Sum or Difference Rule:

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11.2 Rules for Differentiation
Example 3 – Rewriting Functions in the Form xa

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11.2 Rules for Differentiation
Example 5 – Differentiating Sums and Differences of
Functions

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11.2 Rules for Differentiation
Example 5 – Continued

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11.2 Rules for Differentiation
Example 5 – Continued

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11.3 The Derivative as a Rate of Change

Example 1 – Finding Average Velocity and Velocity

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11.3 The Derivative as a Rate of Change
Example 1 – Continued

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11.3 The Derivative as a Rate of Change

Example 3 – Finding a Rate of Change

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11.3 The Derivative as a Rate of Change
Applications of Rate of Change to Economics

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11.3 The Derivative as a Rate of Change

Example 9 – Relative and Percentage Rates of Change

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11.4 The Product Rule and the Quotient
Rule
COMBINING RULE 3 The Product Rule:

COMBINING RULE 4 The Quotient Rule:

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11.4 The Product Rule and the Quotient
Rule
Example 1 – Applying the Product Rule

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11.4 The Product Rule and the Quotient
Rule
Example 3 – Differentiating a Product of Three Factors

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11.4 The Product Rule and the Quotient
Rule
Example 5 – Applying the Quotient Rule

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11.4 The Product Rule and the Quotient
Rule
Example 7 – Differentiating Quotients without Using the
Quotient Rule

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11.4 The Product Rule and the Quotient
Rule
Example 7 – Continued

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11.4 The Product Rule and the Quotient
Rule

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11.4 The Product Rule and the Quotient
Rule
Example 9 – Finding Marginal Propensities to Consume
and to Save

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11.5 The Chain Rule
Example 3 – Using the Power Rule

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