NATIONAL EMERGENCY

REASONS

1977 CONSEQUEN
Election- CES
POLITICS

LESSON CONTROVER
SIES
 Questions
1. Who was appointed Chief Justice of India in 1973?
Why did this appointment become controversial?
2. Mention the issues on which the campaign of
Janata Party was focused in the general elections
of 1977.
3. Explain the reasons for students’ movement of
1974 in Bihar.
4. Explain any three outcomes of Lok Sabha elections
of 1977
 Sub-Unit: ‘Jaya Prakash Narayan and
Total Revolution’
Three key contributions:
• First leader post independence undertook action
FIGHT AGAINST against corruption through Youth participation-
CORRUPTION Gujarat & Bihar
• Advocated the office of Lokpal against corruption

Principle of • India as a society of communities encompassing

three layers-Community, Rastra and Region
Communitarian • All combining together as a form of Federation-
Socialism Emphasis on Decentralization in Socialism

Championing of •Transformation in individual, society and state through

‘Total Total Revolution
•Political Transformation- Importance of village/gram
Revolution’ sabhas in democratic politics, Clean politics
Communitarians
• insist that each of us as individuals develop our identity, talents
and pursuit in life only in the context of a community.
• We are by nature social beings.
• Since the community determines and shapes the individual
nature, political life must start with a concern for the community,
and not the individual.

Socialism- Basically focussing on Community and

• Focus on Equality rather thanindividual
state-they haveliberty
to play an important role
• the belief in the need for an extensive welfare state,
• the belief in state ownership of the means of production,
• and the desire to redistribute wealth 
Man’ who could be the real
catalyst of change in India
 Ram Manohar Lohia and Socialism
• championed the idea of ‘Democratic Socialism’ while associating his socialism with
democracy.
Democratic socialism
economic
Food and housing
Non-economic
Democracy and freedom

• Four pillars of politics as well as socialism: Centre, Region, District and Village – all
are linked with each other-Chouburja Rajneeti
• policy of affirmative action should not only be for the downtrodden but also for
the women and the non-religious minorities
• Lohia supported a ‘Party of Socialism’ as an attempt of merging all political parties.
The Party of Socialism according to Lohia should have three symbols, viz., Spade
[prepared to make efforts], Vote [power of voting], and Prison [Willingness to make
sacrifices].
 ‘Deendayal Upadhyaya and Integral
Humanism’
• 'Integral Humanism' which was intended to present an 'indigenous socio-
economic model' in which human being remains at the centre of
development.
• Aim is to ensure dignified life for every human being while balancing the
needs of the individual and society.
• It supports sustainable consumption of natural resources so that those
resources can be replenished.
• Integral Humanism enhances not only political but also economic and social
democracy and freedom.
• The philosophy of Integral Humanism is based on the following three
principles:
• Primacy of whole, not part
• Supremacy of Dharma
• Autonomy of Society
• Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya opposed both Western
'capitalist individualism' and 'Marxist socialism'.

• capitalist and socialist ideologies only consider the needs of

the human body and mind, so they are based on
materialistic purpose whereas spiritual development is
equally considered important for the complete
development of human being which is missing in both
capitalism and socialism.

Basing his philosophy on the internal conscience, pure

human soul to be called Chhitti, Deendayal Upadhyaya
envisaged a classless, casteless and conflict-free social
system.
Democratic Upsurge- Increasing participation of the people
in the democratic politics of the country
.
Three democratic upsurges in post-independence history of India

FIRST SECOND THIRD

1950-70 1980s
•Participation of •Increasing participation of
lower classes
Indian voters to •Was named as second
democratic DU-Yogendra Yadav
•This participation though
politics both at has not let to any major
centre and state change in their standard
•Falsying the of living but has
empowerd and boosted
western myth their respect.
1990s
•The era of LPG paved for
the Third DU
•It represents a
competitive electoral
market
•Seeks to promote
participation of the youth
as the real game changers
in view of their electoral
preference