제 17 강

경북대학교 경제통상학부
최보영 교수

Kyungpook National University

 수입관세의 효과 : 소국
Effect of the Tariff on Consumer Surplus, Producer Surplus, Government Revenue;
Overall Effect of the Tariff on Welfare; Production Loss; Consumption Loss

FIGURE 8-5 (2 of 2) Effect of Tariff on Welfare (continued)

Therefore, the net loss in welfare,
the deadweight loss to Home, is (b
+ d), which is measured by the two
triangles b and d in panel (a) or the
single (combined) triangle b + d in
panel (b).
The triangle (b + d) is a
deadweight loss, or a loss that is
not offset by a gain elsewhere in
the economy.

Fall in consumer surplus: −(a + b + c + d)

Rise in producer surplus: +a
Rise in government revenue: +c 소국의 경우 수입관세는 언제나 후생의 감소로
Net effect on Home welfare: −(b + d) 이어짐

2
수업목표
• 완전경쟁시장의 수입관세와 할당
• 수입관세
• 소국
• 대국
• 수입할당
• 소국

3
외국의 수출공급곡선
• 소국의 관세는 세계가격에 영향을 끼칠 수 없음
• 외국의 수출공급곡선이 수평
• 관세가 부과되면 관세율이 온전히 소비자가격 상승으로 이어짐

• 대국의 관세는 세계가격에 영향을 끼칠 수 있음

• 외국의 수출공급곡선이 우상향
• 관세가 부과되면 일부는 수출가격의 하락으로 이어지므로 일부만이
소비자가격의 상승으로 이어짐

4
외국의 수출공급곡선 도출 : 대국의 경우

5
관세의 효과 : 대국

6
대국의 최적관세

7
APPLICATION
U.S. Tariffs on Steel Once Again
Optimal Tariffs for Steel
TABLE 8-2
Optimal Tariffs for Steel Products This table shows optimal tariffs for steel products, calculated with the elasticity
formula.
1
Optimal tariff = ∗
𝐸 𝑋

© 2017 Worth Publishers International Economics, 4e | Feenstra/Taylor 8

GATT 의 주요 조항

Article I General Most-Favored-Nation Treatment

( 최혜국대우 )
Article VI Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties
( 반덤핑과 상계관세 )
Article XI General Elimination of Quantitative
Restrictions ( 수량제한의 일반적 금지 )
Article XVI Subsidies ( 보조금 )
Article XIX Emergency Action on Imports of
Particular Products ( 긴급수입제한조치
조항 )
Article XXIV Territorial Application—Frontier Traffic—
Customs Unions and Free-Trade Areas
9
( 지역무역협정 )
수량할당의 개념
• 일정수준 이상의 수입을 허용하지 않는 수입제한정책
• 관세가 가격에 대한 규제임에 반해 수량할당은 수량 자체에 대한
직접 규제

10
소국의 수입할당 효과

11
Import Quota in a Small Country
Costs of Import Quotas in the United States
TABLE 8-3
Annual Cost of U.S. Import Protection ($ billions) Shown here are estimates of the dead weight
losses and quota rents due to U.S. import quotas in the 1980s, for the years around 1985. Many of
these quotas are no longer in place today.

© 2017 Worth Publishers International Economics, 4e |

12
Feenstra/Taylor
APPLICATION
중국과 다자간섬유협정 (MFA; Multifibre Arrangement)
FIGURE 8-12 (1 of 2) Changes in Clothing and Textile Exports to the United States After the MFA, 2004–2005

After the expiration of the Multifibre

Arrangement (MFA), the value of
clothing and textiles exports from
China rose dramatically, as shown in
panel (a). This reflects the surge in
the quantity of exports that were
formerly constrained under the MFA
as well as a shift to Chinese exports
from other, higher-cost producers
such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, and
South Korea.

© 2017 Worth Publishers International Economics, 4e |

13
Feenstra/Taylor
APPLICATION
중국과 다자간섬유협정 (MFA; Multifibre Arrangement)
FIGURE 8-10 (2 of 2) Changes in Clothing and Textile Exports to the United States After the MFA, 2004–2005 (continued)

In panel (b), we see that the prices

of goods constrained by the MFA
typically fell by more than the
average change in export prices after
the MFA’s expiry. This is exactly
what our theory of quotas predicts:
The removal of quotas lowers
import prices for consumers.

© 2017 Worth Publishers International Economics, 4e |

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Feenstra/Taylor