Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Seymour Wishman
17,000 courts
35,000 judges
250,000 total personnel
155 million cases/year (roughly a 1:2 ratio)
$20 billion annual budget nationwide (some
cross-over costs though)
Basic Court Structure
- Minor Trial Courts
- Major Trial Courts
- Appellate Courts
- Supreme Courts
- Misc. Courts
Hierarchical
Judicial review (precedent/stare decisis)
Overlaid system (Federal and states)
Hierarchical Structure
Supreme Court
Appellate Court
Crime Against Humanity - Acts that violate concepts of natural law and natural
rights of human beings as human beings.
Indirect
- Informal pressure to resign
- Prosecuted/convicted (serious misdemeanor or felony)
Removing State Judges from Office
Direct
- Die
- Retire
- Impeached
- Judicial Misconduct Board
- Elect a new one at the next election/vote no if in a
Missouri Plan state
- Initiative/Recall/Referendum
Indirect
- Informal pressure to resign
- Prosecuted/convicted (serious misdemeanor or felony)
- Bar Association action
Defense Counsel
Public Defenders
Court Appointed
Private Attorney
Prosecuting Attorneys
State and Local Level
- City Attorney
- County Attorney
- District Attorney
- State Attorney General
Federal Level
- District Attorney
- Attorney General
- Solicitor General
Sentencing Disparity Reforms
Move to a determinate sentencing model
Create sentencing panels (ala sporting events)
Sentencing seminars and conferences
Share sentencing information
Appellate review of sentences
Case Backlogs and Delays
Delay in getting to trial
Long trials
5. What appellate options are there for those who are denied
access to this dispute resolution option and are being forced into
the regular judicial system?
This kind of informality opens the door to all kinds of potential for
abuse – bribery, favoritism, racial and Ethnic discrimination. We
tried this once, and it did not work.
Problems with Community Courts…continued