MCJ 401: Communication and Information

Technologies

Seventh Semester 2022

Mass Communication and Journalism

University of Dhaka
The Fourth Industrial Revolution

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 The first three industrial revolutions:

1. The steam engine: The age of mechanical production

2. The age of science and mass production: Electricity,

gasoline engines, airplanes, chemical fertilizer, the
assembly line.

3. The rise of digital technology: semiconductors,

mainframe computing, personal computing, and the
Internet—the digital revolution.

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 Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 is the trend towards automation
and data exchange in manufacturing
technologies and processes which include
cyber-physical systems (CPS), the internet of
things (IoT), industrial internet of things
(IIOT), cloud computing, cognitive computing
and artificial intelligence.

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Cyber-physical systems (CPS)

 Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are systems of collaborating

computational entities which are in intensive connection with
the surrounding physical world and its on-going processes,
providing and using, at the same time, data-accessing and
data-processing services available on the internet.

 Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the

physical processes, with feedback loops where physical
processes affect computations and vice versa.

Example: smart grid, autonomous automobile, medical

monitoring, industrial control system, robotics systems and
automatic pilot avionics.

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Cyber-physical systems (CPS)

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 Internet of Things (IoT)
 From hairbrushes to scales, consumer and industrial devices
are having chips inserted into them to collect and
communicate data.

 These are just some of the everyday "dumb items" being

connected to the web as part of the Internet of Things (IoT).

 Connected machines and objects in factories offer the

potential for a ‘fourth industrial revolution’, and experts
predict more than half of new businesses will run on the IoT
by 2020.

 Result: Smart home, smart factory, smart city, etc.

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Internet of Things (IoT)

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 Internet of Things (IoT)
 In the broadest sense, the term IoT encompasses everything
connected to the internet, but it is increasingly being used to define
objects that "talk" to each other.

 Simply, the Internet of Things is made up of devices – from simple

sensors to smartphones – connected together.

 By combining these connected devices with automated systems, it is

possible to "gather information, analyse it and create an action" to
help someone with a particular task.

 the main goal of the IoT is to “enable things to be connected anytime,

anyplace, with anything and anyone ideally using any path/network and
any service”.

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Internet of Things (IoT)

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 Cognitive computing
 Cognitive computing is the use of computerized models to
simulate the human thought process in complex situations
where the answers may be ambiguous and uncertain.

 Cognitive computing overlaps with AI and involves many of

the same underlying technologies to power cognitive
applications, including neural networks, robotics and virtual
reality (VR).
 Cognitive computing systems can synthesize data from
various information sources, while weighing context and
conflicting evidence to suggest the best possible answers.

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 The Fourth Industrial Revolution
 The phrase Fourth Industrial Revolution was first
introduced by Klaus Schwab, the executive
chairman of the World Economic Forum, in a 2015
article in Foreign Affairs.

 Industry 4.0 (also known as Fourth Industrial

Revolution) manifests itself in the way data
changes, technologies are automated and digitized,
and what we now call the Internet of things (IoT).

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 The Fourth Industrial Revolution

 Industry 4.0 is related to what is called the “smart

factory” (Dutton, 2014).

 In a smart factory, a virtual copy of the physical

world and decentralized decision making can be
developed (Buhr, 2015).

 Also, physical systems can cooperate and

communicate with each other and with humans in
real time, all enabled by the IoT and related
services.

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 Impacts of Industry 4.0
 Industry 4.0 is not an exception to the previous eras of
industries, but it is expected to bring immense benefits and
many challenges.

 The main challenge that most stakeholders are concerned

with is the cybersecurity risk, given that the IoT is the
backbone of Industry 4.0, which has the potential to enlarge
the level of risk exponentially from where we are today.

 Social challenges are mainly the immense risk of cybercrime

due to increased connectivity, and job losses due to the
automation of large segments of operations in many
industries as part of Industry 4.0.

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 Impacts of Industry 4.0

 Industry 4.0 represents a shift toward an

innovation-based economy with knowledge, data,
and the IoT as central concepts.

 Schreiber (2017) notes that Industry 4.0 introduces

new possibilities or prospects for breakthroughs in
healthcare, the ability to empower more people
worldwide to become entrepreneurs, and increased
access to education.

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 Impacts of Industry 4.0

Schmitt (2015) confirmed four reasons why Industry 4.0 is

important:

 First, Industry 4.0 mitigates the burden of current challenges

for manufactures in order to make the companies more
flexible and responsive to business trends.

 Second, Industry 4.0 enables the transformation of modern

economies to become more innovative and hence increase
productivity.

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 Impacts of Industry 4.0
 Third, it highlights the role of consumer as a co-producer
and puts them in the centre of all activities. The
customization of products is the most important activity in
the product value chain, and digitization will facilitate
crowdsourcing, which in turn will lead to a faster design
process.

 Finally, it will enable sustainable prosperity through the use

of modern technologies to find solutions to the challenges
related to energy, resources, environment, and social and
economic impacts.

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