The industrial revolution began in the 1784 in Great Britain with Industry 1.

0, which was
characterized by industrialized mechanical arrangements using coal, human, water power and
stream-power. Industry 2.0 began in 1870 and represented mass production through the use of
electrical energy in the assembly lines. Industry 3.0 started almost a century later in 1969 and
established automation and microelectronic skills into the industrialized field. Industry 4.0 which
is the digitization phase started at the beginning of the 21st century with the inclusion of Cyber-
physical-systems (CPS), which makes revolutionary changes in manufacturing. The subsequent
step of the Industrial Revolution for tonorrow seems to be Industry 5.0, which is expected to
incorporate AI, IoT, and improvements on Industry 4.0 technologies .

Industry 4.0 is characterized by the increasing digitization and automation of the

manufacturing environment, as well as the creation of a digital value chain enabling
communication between products, their environments, and business partners. To implement
these elements of Industry 4.0, numerous technologies related to automation, digitization,
and increased connectivity are used.

The following are the 13 key enabling technologies of Industry 4.0:

1. Big Data Analytics

2. Internet of Things (IoT)

3. Additive Manufacturing (AM)

4. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)

5. Cloud Computing Technologies

6. Virtualization

7. Manufacturing as a Service (MaaS)

8. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

9. Digital Twin Technology

10. Smart & Connected Communities

11. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

12. Business Process Management (BPM)

13. Information Integration and Interoperability

These technologies have made it possible to build "smart factories" where people, equipment,
and products can all be connected and communicate with one another in real time, which is
what is driving manufacturing integration. This enables more streamlined, adaptable, and
personalized manufacturing procedures. IoT sensors, for instance, can be used to track the
performance and status of products and machinery in real-time. Big data analytics can then be
used to examine this data in order to find trends and improve procedures.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is another key technology that is driving manufacturing

integration. Complex geometries and specialized goods can be produced with additive
manufacturing (AM) on demand and closer to the point of application. Large stockpiles and
protracted supply chains are less necessary as a result, increasing efficiency and lowering
costs.

While China has emerged to produce the highest national proportion of publications for
Industry 4.0, Europe as a whole continues to be a worldwide leader in these technologies..
India has also experienced a rapid rise in some Industry 4.0 technological fields, while the
combined shares of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have decreased.

Knowledge management in organizations can bring many benefits for R&D operations of
companies and corporations.Organizations can enhance their capacity for creativity, minimize
duplication of effort, and quicken the pace of development by managing knowledge properly.
Organizations can find new chances for growth and development as well as their core
capabilities by utilizing knowledge management. Additionally, knowledge management can
aid businesses in better understanding their markets and consumers, which in turn results in
more successful product creation and marketing plans.

Socio-economic issues arise when revolutions transition between distinct phases.The possible
displacement of human labour is one of Industry 4.0's key issues. There is a chance that many
vocations will become obsolete as machines become more sophisticated and capable of carrying
out tasks that were previously performed by humans. Increased unemployment and income
disparity may result from this, especially for those who lack the abilities to adjust to the new
technology environment.

The digital gap is another issue that Industry 4.0 must address. Although developed economies
are making significant investments in Industry 4.0 technologies, many developing nations lack
the resources and infrastructure required to implement these technologies. As a result, the gap
between industrialized and developing nations can expand, with the former benefiting from
Industry 4.0 while the latter fall behind.
Industry 4.0 also presents issues with data security and privacy. Sensitive data could potentially
be compromised as more devices connect to the internet. For businesses and people, this might
result in large financial losses as well as reputational harm.

Collaboration between authorities, businesses, and individuals is crucial to overcoming these

issues. To help workers develop the skills necessary to adapt to the new technological world,
governments can fund education and training programs. They may also offer incentives for
businesses in underdeveloped nations to invest in Industry 4.0 technologies. Businesses can
place a high priority on data privacy and security, and they can collaborate with legislators to
create rules that safeguard sensitive data. The last thing people can do is educate themselves
about Industry 4.0 and how it can affect their lives and livelihoods.

Industry 5.0 is the most recent paradigm shift in the industrial revolution, and it places an
emphasis on how people and machines may work together to create better goods and
services. The idea was first presented in the beginning of 2015 and has since attracted a lot of
interest from both academics and businesses.

Industry 5.0 is the next phase of the industrial revolution following Industry 4.0, which
concentrated on end-to-end digitalization and the integration of digital industrial ecosystems
(Page 5). Contrarily, Industry 5.0 stresses human-machine cooperation with an emphasis on
innovative human-machine interfaces achieved through human-machine interaction. Cobots,
also known as collaborative robots, are used to create this collaboration and can satisfy the
demand for businesses that produce individualized products.

Industry 5.0 aims to solve the issues associated with removing human workers from different
manufacturing procedures. It also highlights the need for advanced technologies to boost the
Industry 5.0 manufacturer. The text lists the top enabling technologies for Industry 5.0, which
include additive manufacturing, multi-agent systems, smart manufacturing, digital eco-
system, collaborative robotics, internet of everything, mixed reality, industrial blockchain,
drones, 5G, and beyond.

Scholars have also provided their definitions of Industry 5.0. According to a study by
Kagermann et al. (2013), Industry 5.0 is characterized by the integration of humans and
machines in a way that allows them to work together in a flexible and adaptable manner. The
study emphasizes the importance of human creativity and problem-solving skills in the
manufacturing process.

Another study by Wang et al. (2018) defines Industry 5.0 as a new era of intelligent
manufacturing that combines the strengths of Industry 4.0 and human intelligence. The study
highlights the importance of human-machine collaboration in achieving mass customization
and personalized products.
The following are some of the prospective technologies of Industry 5.0 and their applications:

1. Additive Manufacturing: Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a process of

creating three-dimensional objects by adding layers of material. This technology has the
potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry by enabling the production of complex
parts with high precision and accuracy. It can be used in various applications, such as aerospace,
automotive, and medical industries.

2. Multi-agent Systems: Multi-agent systems are a collection of autonomous agents that interact
with each other to achieve a common goal. This technology can be used in manufacturing to
optimize production processes, reduce waste, and improve efficiency.

3. Smart Manufacturing: Smart manufacturing is a concept that involves the use of advanced
technologies, such as IoT, AI, and big data, to create a fully integrated and connected
manufacturing system. This technology can help manufacturers to improve their production
processes, reduce costs, and increase productivity.

4. Digital Eco-system: A digital ecosystem is a network of interconnected digital devices,

services, and applications that work together to provide a seamless user experience. This
technology can be used in manufacturing to create a digital supply chain that enables real-time
tracking of products and materials.

5. Collaborative Robotics: Collaborative robotics, also known as cobots, are robots that work
alongside humans to perform tasks. This technology can be used in manufacturing to improve
safety, increase productivity, and reduce costs.

6. Internet of Everything: The Internet of Everything (IoE) is a concept that involves the
connection of people, processes, data, and things. This technology can be used in manufacturing
to create a fully connected and integrated system that enables real-time monitoring and control
of production processes.

7. Mixed Reality: Mixed reality is a technology that combines virtual and real-world
environments to create a new reality. This technology can be used in manufacturing to create
virtual prototypes, simulate production processes, and train workers.

8. Industrial Blockchain: Industrial blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that enables

secure and transparent transactions between different parties. This technology can be used in
manufacturing to create a secure and transparent supply chain that enables real-time tracking
of products and materials.

9. Drones: Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles that can be used in manufacturing for various
applications, such as inventory management, inspection, and delivery. Drones can help
manufacturers to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase safety.

10. 5G and Beyond: 5G is the latest generation of wireless technology that offers faster speeds,
lower latency, and higher capacity. This technology can be used in manufacturing to enable real-
time monitoring and control of production processes, as well as to support the deployment of
other Industry 5.0 technologies.

The prospective technologies of Industry 5.0, such as additive manufacturing, multi-agent

systems, smart manufacturing, digital eco-system, collaborative robotics, internet of everything,
mixed reality, industrial blockchain, drones, and 5G and beyond, have the potential to
revolutionize the manufacturing industry by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing
productivity.

According to the systematic mapping review conducted by Khan et al. (Page 1), Industry 4.0
contributes to sustainable development by achieving social, economic, and environmental
benefits through the adoption and implementation of sustainable supply chains, smart and
sustainable cities, and smart factories. The review also highlights the emerging research themes
of circular economy and sustainable business models, which focus on Industry 4.0 adoption and
implementation. The triple bottom line studies mainly focus on Industry 4.0 adoption and
implementation, sustainable supply chains, smart and sustainable cities, and smart factories.

From the perspective of circular economy, Industry 4.0 can contribute to sustainable
development by enabling the efficient use of resources and reducing waste through the use of
digital technologies. Sustainable business models can also be developed through Industry 4.0
by integrating sustainability into the core business strategy. The triple bottom line approach
can help businesses to achieve economic, social, and environmental benefits simultaneously.

The findings of this review have important implications for businesses and policymakers
interested in promoting sustainable development. Businesses can use the insights from this
review to develop sustainable business models and adopt Industry 4.0 technologies to achieve
triple bottom line benefits. Policymakers can use the findings to develop policies that promote
the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies and sustainable business models. The review also
identifies research gaps that can guide future research in this area. Overall, the review
provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Industry 4.0 and
sustainable development from the perspectives of triple bottom line, circular economy, and
sustainable business models.

1. Green Computing/Green IT: is the use of computers, chips, other technology components
and peripherals in a way that limits the harmful impact on the environment.Industry 5.0
emphasizes the use of green computing technologies to reduce the carbon footprint of
manufacturing processes. Green computing involves the use of energy-efficient hardware,
software, and algorithms to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. By
adopting green computing technologies, manufacturers can reduce their energy bills and
contribute to environmental sustainability.

2. Mass Customization: Industry 5.0 emphasizes the use of mass customization to reduce
waste and improve resource efficiency. Mass customization involves the production of
customized products and services at scale, which reduces the need for mass production and
inventory management. By producing only what is needed, manufacturers can reduce waste
and improve resource efficiency, which contributes to environmental sustainability.

3. Customer-Centricity: Industry 5.0 emphasizes the importance of customer-centricity to

improve sustainability. By focusing on customer needs and preferences, manufacturers can
produce products and services that are more sustainable and environmentally friendly. For
example, by producing products that are durable, recyclable, and energy-efficient,
manufacturers can reduce the environmental impact of their products and improve
sustainability.

4. Human-Robot Collaboration: Industry 5.0 emphasizes the importance of human-robot

collaboration to improve sustainability. By integrating human intelligence with machine
intelligence, manufacturers can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of manufacturing
processes, which reduces waste and improves resource efficiency. For example, by using
robots to perform repetitive and dangerous tasks, manufacturers can reduce the risk of
accidents and improve safety, which contributes to environmental sustainability.
In conclusion, sustainability is a key dimension of Industry 5.0, which aims to integrate human
intelligence with machine intelligence to improve products and services. By adopting green
computing technologies, mass customization, customer-centricity, and human-robot
collaboration, manufacturers can reduce the environmental impact of their products and
processes and contribute to environmental sustainability.

7. Key Takeaways:

The PDF discusses the integration of AI and IoT and the challenges faced in implementing them.
It emphasizes the need for a strategic approach to succeed in a business environment and the
importance of having a broad knowledge of AI skills, advances, and limitations. The challenges
faced in IoT data analytics with ML and DL approaches are also discussed, along with the
challenges of system complexity and security in wireless networks and IoT. The need for efficient
sensing in the urban environment is highlighted, and a generalized framework for sensed data
collection and display is proposed.

Future Scope:

The integration of AI and IoT is a rapidly evolving field with immense potential for growth and
development. The future scope of this field includes the development of more advanced AI
algorithms and IoT devices that can work together seamlessly. The use of AI and IoT in various
industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation is expected to increase,
leading to more efficient and cost-effective operations. The development of more efficient
sensing technologies and data collection methods is also expected to play a significant role in
the future of AI and IoT.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the integration of AI and IoT has the potential to revolutionize various industries
and improve efficiency and productivity. However, it also poses several challenges that need to
be addressed, such as system complexity, security, and efficient data collection and analysis. A
strategic approach and a broad knowledge of AI skills, advances, and limitations are essential for
success in this field. The future scope of AI and IoT is vast, and it is expected to play a significant
role in shaping the future of various industries