INJURIES TO BONE, JOINT &

MUSCLES
BY SHAHINI PRAJAPATI
Definition: a bone fracture is a medical
condition where the continuity of bone is
broken.
Strain
Sprain
Fractures
Dislocations
Strains: occurs when muscles & tendons
are over extended.
Sprains: injuries to ligament that hold
bones together.
Fractures:breaks or cracks in bone.
Dislocations: separation of bone from its
normal position at a joint.
Fractures
Any breakage in the continuity is called
as a fracture.
Types:
Closed or simple fracture:
Open or compound fracture
Classification of fracture based
on severity of breakage:
Complete or comminuted fracture
Bone breaks into 2 or more pieces.
Incomplete fracture
Bone does not get broken
At all.
Greenstick fracture
Bone breaks into one side & remains
attached to other side to proved a bent to
non-fractured side.
Impacted fracture
Bone pieces drive into each other at the
time of fracture. Occurs in the wrist & hip
bones.
Displaced fracture
The broken pieces of bone goes out of the
alignment.
Transverse fracture
The bone breaks at the right axis of the
long bone.
Hairline fracture
Small crack occurs due to repititive action
like running.
 Sling: Most fractures will need to have a splint or partial
cast applied to stabilize the broken bones. Some breaks
especially in the upper arm and shoulder may
only need to be immobilized in a sling.
First aid splints
sprain
Stretching or tearing of ligaments.
First aid:
R: rest
I: ice
C: compression
E: elevation
Strains
Stretching or tearing of muscle or
tendons.
Most commonly occur at the lower back
& hamstring muscle(back of thigh)
The main difference is that with
a sprain you may have bruising around
the affected joint, whereas with a strain,
you may have spasms in the affected
muscle.