CONDITIONALS & TIME CLAUSES

WISH CLAUSES

2ºBACHILLERATO
TEACHER: MAITE CEPERO
 CONDITIONALS

Conditionals are sentences with two clauses – an

if (or condition clause) and a result clause.

Note: Unless is also used instead of if. It is commonly used in

the zero and the first conditionals.
 CONDITIONALS

The order of the two sentences is interchangeable

When if clause comes first, it is followed by a
comma.
 CONDITIONALS

There are four types of conditionals:

 the zero conditional

 the first conditional
 the second conditional
 the third conditional
 ZERO CONDITIONAL

The zero conditional talks about a general fact. The

tense in both parts of the sentence is the Present
Simple.
 FIRST CONDITIONAL

The first conditional talks about something that is

likely to happen in the future.

The tense in the condition part of the sentence is

the Present Simple. The tense in the result part of
the sentence is the Future Simple.
 SECOND CONDITIONAL

The second conditional talks about hypothetical

situation in the present.

The tense in the condition part of the sentence is

the Past Simple. In the result part of the sentence
we use Would + the base form of the verb.
 SECOND CONDITIONAL

If the verb in the condition part is to be, we

usually use were, not was.
 THIRD CONDITIONAL

The third conditional talks about an impossible or

unfulfilled situation in the past.

The tense in the condition part of the sentence is

the Past Perfect. In the result part of the sentence
we use Would + have + the past participle.
IMPERATIVE AND MODALS IN CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES

Imperative verbs can be used in the result clause of

a first conditional sentence.
IMPERATIVE AND MODALS IN CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES

Modals can be used in both clauses of conditional

sentences.

In third conditional sentences, modals can be used

in the result clause
 TIME CLAUSES

Time clauses refer to the future. They look like

first conditional sentences but instead of if, they
contains words like:
 when
 after
 as soon as
 before
 until
 TIME CLAUSES

Although the time clause refers to the future we

use the Present Simple. We use the Future Simple
in the other clause.
 WISH CLAUSES
• We use I wish / if only + Past Simple to describe
a situation that the speaker is unhappy about in
the present. (with verb to be we usually use were)

• We use I wish / if only + Past Perfect to express

regret about a past situation or action.
 WISH CLAUSES

• We use I wish / if only + could/would + base

form to talk about a hope or wish for the future.

Note: In wish clauses we usually use could (not

would) with I and We