When the question is in PAST TENSE (-ed) form:

● No sooner HAD the murderer entered the premises THAN the police shot him

23
down.
● No sooner DID the murderer enter the premises THAN the police shot him down.
● Hardly HAD the murderer entered the premises WHEN the police shot him down.

'
Hardly DID the murderer enter the premises WHEN the police shot him down.

KS
●
When question is in the PRESENT tense:
● No sooner does Rahul enter the premises than the thief robs him down.

eF
● Hardly does the murderer enter the premises WHEN the police shoot him down.

AS SOON AS + comma
●
SO+THAT / TOO + TO
h Th
AS SOON AS the murderer entered the premises , the police shot him down.

● I am TOO tall TO fit the door.

os
● I am SO tall THAT I cannot fit the door. (Notice addition of the word cannot to fit
the meaning)
Gh

● He is too old to remember events of the past.

● He is SO old THAT he CANNOT remember events of the past.

NOT ONLY + BUT ALSO / BESIDES

im

● NOT ONLY HAVE we bought some land BUT ARE ALSO building a house.
● NOT ONLY did Rahul kill the person BUT ALSO buried him.
at

● Not only was it raining all day at the wedding but also the band was late.
● Not only will they paint the outside of the house but also the inside.
pr

● BESIDES buying some land, we are building a house (DO NOT USE ‘also’)
● BESIDES being a renowned singer, he is a famous poet.
Su
 SO LONG AS means Provided that

● You can borrow the car so long as you don’t drive too fast.
So long as you don’t drive fast, you can borrow the car.

23
●
● As long as you do not drive fast, you can borrow the car.

'
KS
UNLESS… comma

● I will take the job if the salary is good.

UNLESS the salary is good, I will NOT TAKE THE JOB. (notice the addition of not)

eF
● I won’t pay if you do not provide the goods immediately.
UNLESS you provide the goods immediately, I WILL NOT pay.

SHOULD
●
h Th
Should his flight get cancelled, his father will send you a message.
● Should it rain, there will be no picnic today.
os
Gh

IN SPITE OF / DESPITE / NOTWITHSTANDING

● Despite being ill, he took his exam / Despite the fact that he was ill, he took his exam
/ Despite his illness, he took his exam.
im

● In spite of being ill/ In spite of the fact that he was ill/ In spite of his illness, he
took his exam.
at

● Notwithstanding his illness, he took his exam / Notwithstanding the fact that he
was ill, he took his exam.
pr

DIRECT/ INDIRECT SENTENCES

Su

● She said, “I will be in Scotland tomorrow.”

She said that she would be in Scotland the next day.

 ● She said to her, “Why did you not call me yesterday?”
She asked her why she had not called her the previous day.

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She TOLD her (if the sentence is not a question)
Today CHANGES TO that day
this morning CHANGES to that morning

'
KS
Yesterday CHANGES TO the day before
Tomorrow CHANGES TO the next day

eF
● She is writing down the list of goods she has to buy LEST she SHOULD forget them.
● LEST anyone SHOULD doubt my story, I have brought documents to attest to its
truth.

●
h Th
There are only a few apples left on the tree.
● There are hardly any apples left on the tree.
os
She entered the room. Her son ran to her. (She had…)
She had hardly entered the room when her son ran to her.
Gh

● Tarmac and cement were used to build the road to Jaipur. (They…)
THEY have used tarmac and cement to build the road to Jaipur.
im

●
at

● The weather is extremely beautiful. (How…)

● How beautiful is the weather!
pr

● “Hurrah! We’ve won the match!” shouted the boys.

Su

● The boys exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
 ALTHOUGH + comma

● Although his father was a king , Cyrus was brought up like the son of a common man.
● Although she had said the words "I love you" several times ( , ) he had not uttered them.

23
● The teacher will complain to the Principal if we don’t stop him. (We must..)

'
● We must prevent the teacher from complaining to the Principal.

KS
● How sweetly the moonlight sleeps on the bank! (The …)

eF
● The moonlight sleeps on the bank sweetly.

●
●
h Th
She knew what would happen but she did it anyway. (She did …)
She did it despite knowing what would happen.
os
Gh
im
at
pr
Su