GERUNDS

AND
INFINITIVES
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1:GERUNDS
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2:TO+ INFINITIVE
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3:BARE INFINITIVE.
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 GERUNDS
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GERUNDS
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A GERUND IS THE-----ING FORM OF A VERB
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EXAMPLE---PLAYING--RUNNING-DANCING -GOING
BEING
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WE USE A GERUND:
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AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
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INSTEAD OF A NOUN
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AFTER PREPOSITIONS.
 AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
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I ENJOY READING----FIRST VERB USE A NORMAL TENSE
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EXAMPLES---I'm enjoying reading ●
She has enjoyed reading
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I enjoyed reading ●
We have been enjoying reading.
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They were enjoying reading ● I will enjoy reading
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After enjoy the second verb is always in the gerund—ing.
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More verbs that take the gerund
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fancy----I fancy seeing a film tonight
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discuss----We discussed going on holiday together.
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dislike------I dislike waiting for the bus.
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finish----------we've finished preparing for the meeting.
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mind----I don't mind coming early.
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suggest----He suggested staying at the Grand Hotel(not suggesred to
stay)
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recommend---They recommended meeting earlier
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KEEP-----He kept working although he felt ill.
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avoid----She avoided talking to her boss
 INSTEAD OF A NOUN
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SMOKING ISN'T ALLOWED HERE.
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SWIMMING IS VERY GOOD EXERCISE.
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AFTER PREPOSITIONS
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I drank a cup of tea before leaving
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It's a good idea to brush your teeth after eating
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We also use a gerund after the preposition in phrasal verbs:
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I gave up smoking.
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He got over loving her too much
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They called off searching for the lost dog.
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 TO+INFINITIVE
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AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
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AFTER MANY ADJECTIVES
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TO SHOW PURPOSE:
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AFTER CERTAIN VERBS:
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IT'S THE SAME AS WITH THE GERUND:
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He decided to leave early.------the first verb decide can be in any tense
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The second verb is always to+infinitive
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agree-----She agreed to give a presentation at the meeting.
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ask---------She asked to leave early.
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SOME VERBS CAN TAKE AN OBJECT BEFORE THE 'TO',SO WE
CAN CHOOSE TO SAY: ● She asked him to leave early.
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He helped to clean the kitchen.
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plan----She plans to buy a new flat next year.
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hope----I hope to pass the exam.
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learn----They are learning to swim.
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want----I want to come to the party
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Would like—I would like to see her tonight.
 TO+INFINITIVE
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PROMISE-----We promised not to be late (make a negative with 'not'
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Before 'to+infinitive')
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pleased----She's pleased to have a new job

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AFTER MANY ADJECTIVES
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HAPPY---I'm happy to see you
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right-----She was right to leave early.
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wrong-----They were wrong to spend so much money.
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careful---The teacher was careful to speak clearly.
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lucky----He was lucky to survive the crash.
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likely---It's likely to snow tonight.
 TO SHOW PURPOSE
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WE OFTEN USE TO+INFINITIVE TO SAY WHY WE DO 'SOMETHING'
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I CAME TO LONDON TO STUDY.( I came to london because I wanted to
study.)
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I went home to have lunch
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Be careful---Iwent home for have lunch is not correct.
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GERUND OR TO+INFINITIVE
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SOME VERBS CAN TAKE GERUND OR TO+INFINITIVE
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WITH NO CHANGE IN MEANING
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EXAMPLE
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It started to rain
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It started raining
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Here are some more verbs like this:
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CONTINUE;--I continued to work----I continued working.
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BEGIN----She began to sing-------She began singing.
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PREFER----I prefer eating at home-----I prefer to eat at home.
 GERUND OR TO+INFINITIVE
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SOME VERBS CAN TAKE EITHER BUT THERE IS A BIG CHANGE
IN MEANING:
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STOP+ GERUND---USED WHEN THE THING THAT YOU STOP IS
THE SECOND VERB
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STOP +TO+INFINITIVE----USED WHEN YOU STOP SOMETHING
ELSE IN ORDER TO DO THE SECOND VERB
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EXAMPLES
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STOP-GERUND ●
IN ALL THESE CASE
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S THE PERSON
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I STOPPED SMOKING ●
STOPS DOING THIS VERB
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I STOPPED WORKING
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SHE STOPPED STUDYING
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STOP+TO +INFINITIVE
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I STOPPED TO HAVE LUNCH---I stopped doing something else-working
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Look at the difference: Maybe-because I wanted to have lunch
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I stopped smoking. (I gave up cigarettes OR I threw away my cigarette at
that moment).
I stopped to smoke. (I stopped doing something else because I wanted to
have a cigarette).
 REMEMBER:
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REMEMBER +GERUND---MEMORIES OF THE PAST
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HE REMEMBERS GOING TO THE SEASIDE WHEN HE WAS Six.
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REMEMBER +TO+INFINITIVE
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USED WHEN SOMEONE HAS TO REMEMBER SOMETHING THEY
HAVE TO DO:
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PLEASE REMEMBER TO BUY MILK
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I REMEMBER LOCKING THE DOOR(I LOCKED THE DOOR
EARLIER AND I CAN REMEMBER IT NOW)
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I REMEMBERED TO LOCK THE DOOR(I REMEMBERED I HAD TO
LOCK THE DOOR AND THEN I DID IT_
Regret + gerund
This is when you are sorry about something you did in the past and you wish you hadn't done it.
I regret going to bed so late. I'm really tired today.
She regrets leaving school when she was sixteen. She wishes that she had studied more
and then gone to university.
Regret + to + infinitive
We use this construction when we are giving someone bad news, in quite a formal way. The verb
is almost always something like 'say' or 'tell' or 'inform'.
I regret to tell you that the train has been delayed.
The company regrets to inform employees that the London office will close next year.
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TRY
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TRY+TO+INFINITIVE
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USED WHEN WE DON'T SUCEED IN DOING THE VERB
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I TRIED TO OPEN THE WINDOW(UNABLE TO DO IT)
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YOU SHOULD TRY TO PLAY CHESS(MAKE AN EFFORT)
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TRY+GERUND
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USED WHEN WE DO THE VERB ,BUT IT DOESN'T HELP US
IN SOME OTHER GOAL:
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I TRIED OPENING THE WINDOW,BUT THE ROOM WAS
STILL TO HOT (I OPENED THE WINDOW AS AN
EXPERIMENT TO SEE IF IT WOULD MAKE THE ROOM
COOLER)
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YOU SHOULD TRY PLAYING CHESS(AS AN EXPERIMENT)
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BARE INFINITIVE
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AFTER MODAL VERBS
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AFTER 'LET' ' MAKE' AND' HELP'
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AFTER SOME VERBS OF PERCEPTION
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AFTER EXPRESSIONS WITH 'WHY'
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MODAL VERBS
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CAN---COULD- WILL- WOULD- MAY-MIGHT-SHALL
SHOULD-MUST.
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She can speak great English
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We could go to the cinema
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They will be late
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I would like a new laptop
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It may rain at the weekend.
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I might be late home today
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You must try the new restaurant.
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Shall we meet at eight?
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He really should study more.
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One exception---ought to—I ought to visit my granny.
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AFTER LET
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LET'S GO
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LET JOHN DO IT(ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY OBJECT +BARE
INFINITIVE)
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MAKE
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Julie made John cry
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The teacher made us write an essay
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The music made him want to dance
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BUT
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BE CAREFUL IN THE PASSIVE-MAKE TAKES TO+ INFINITIVE
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HE WAS MADE TO OPEN HIS CASE
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HELP
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CAN TAKE BOTH IN NO CHANGE OF MEANING
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I HELPED HER TO CARRY IT
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I HELPED HER CARRY IT
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AFTER SOME VERBS OF PERCEPTION
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WE CAN USE EITHER BARE INFINITIVE OR TO+INFINITIVE
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THE MEANING IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON
WHICH ONE WE CHOOSE:
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I SAW HER CROSS THE ROAD(THIS MEANS I SAW THE
ACTION,FROM SYART TO FINISH)
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I SAW HER CROSSING THE ROAD(THIS MEANS I SAW PART
OF THE ACTION,NOT THE WHOLE THING)
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OTHER SIMILAR VERBS
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WATCH
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HEAR
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FEEL
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SENSE
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AFTER EXPRESSIONS WITH WHY
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WHY GO HOME EARLY?
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WHY STUDY ENGLISH?
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WHY GO HOME EARLY?
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