UNIT 5: BACK AND FORTH!

LESSON 01: WAKE ME UP BEFORE YOU GO!

Write it down!

What do you What do you want to What have you

know about know about events? learned about
events? events?

How would you describe your daily activities?

Take a look at the following sentences:

“Everyday I eat breakfast before I go to work.”

Notice that two things happen in this scenario. What happens first?

Before is used to express the sequence of events.

● Joyce grabbed an umbrella before she left home.

Here, in the first Joyce grabbed an umbrella and then she left home.
Examples:

● “Leyla knocks on the door before she enters the room”

● “It always rains before it pours”
● “Sheila needs to make up her mind before Jo proposes.”
● “Before Julien crashed his new car, I got to drive it around a bit” *

* The “before” sentence may come

first, but a comma is necessary. In
this case, the timeline is backwards.

“Sheila needs to make up her mind before Jo proposes”

Event 1 Event 2

comma
“Before Julien crashed his car, I got to drive it around a bit”

Event 2 Event 1
EXPRESSIONS

➔ “make up your mind”

● Have you made up your mind where to go on your vacation?

➔ “can’t count on”

● I can’t count on Paulo for anything, he’s so busy!

➔ “it’s only a matter of time before”

● It’s only a matter of time before the kid breaks the new toy.

➔ “keep an eye on so/sth”

● Grandma is keeping an eye out for the delivery man.”

➔ “by the time”

● I had already been to 3 different scholls by the time I turner 15.
➔ “have no doubt”
● I have no doubt you will get the job. You’re perfect for it.

➔ “in accordance with”

● You played the game in accordance with the rules.”
 FOOD FOR THOUGHT!

A fixed expression is a combination of words that

express an idea, and carry more meaning than the
individual words while still maintaining a lexical
connection.

They are fixed because the order and combination of

words cannot be changed.

Real example:
● “So please, before you leave here today, make up your mind” -
APAC Presents Lenny Ravich | Talks at Google
● “You can't count on anything in this society.” - Theodore
Dalrymple: Is Society Broken?
● “By the time of his death, Noah Webster was a household name.”
- How to get a word added to the dictionary - Ilan Stavans

Recommendation

★ Song: Wake me up before you go, by Wham!

★ Song: Before the Worst, The Script
★ Song: Leave Before The Lights Come On, by Arctic Monkeys
LESSON 01: WALKING AFTER YOU!
In the previous lesson you’ve seen the use of before and how to place
the order of events. Now, let’s take a look at “after”

Jonah only goes jogging after he stretches

The time expression after is also useful to indicate the order of events.

Examples:

● “Fifteen years after I came to this country, I bought my first

house.”
● “After lunch, all four of them left to play ball.” *
● “Jean stopped painting after the accident.”
● “ I was taken aback after you said ‘I love you’.”
● “After the towers fell, airport security became much more rigid.”

The “after”sentence may

come first, but needs a
comma.
Dialogues

A: Nora is performing right after you, so I’m getting front row seats for
the talent show tonight!
B: Oh, I hope she breaks a leg. Her voice is beautiful.
A: I know. But after last time, she’s not very confident.
B: What happened last time?
A: She went on stage to perform right after someone who was very,
very good. She didn’t get a lot of applause.

FUN FACT!

The expression break a leg is something artists and

performers say to wish each other good luck before
they go on stage.

The expressions before and after have opposite meanings.

● “I don’t see the point of leaving before 6 p.m.”

● “I don’t see the point of leaving after 6 p.m.”

It may come as a surprise, but Marcus saw the dress before I did.

Event 1 Event 2
 It comes as no surprise that Marcus saw the dress after I did.

Event 2 Event 1

Examples:

➔ “come as a surprise”
➔ “come as no surprise”
● The news came as a surprise to everyone.

➔ “turn out to be (+adjective)”

● “The evening turned out to be quite nice!”

➔ “come to terms with”

● I’ve come to terms with the fact that I’m short.

➔ “it is not worth (+gerund)”

● It’s not worth waiting for the rain to stop. Let’s get a cab and go
home.

➔ “make it clear that”

● “I want to make it clear that I’m interested in your friend. Any
tips?”

➔ “be under the impression”

● I don’t know why I was under the impression you were a
lawyer.”
Recommendations:

★ Song: Walking After You, by The Foo Fighter

★ Movie: Me Before You, available on Prime Video
LESSON 02: OUT OF PRACTICE!
If you are out of practice at something, that means you do it badly
after not doing it for some time.

● Sarah is out of practice at speaking japanese. She hasn’t spoken

it in a year.

Prepositions are small little words (in, at, up, as, on, until, against, etc.)
that can be used to build phrases (a group of words) that have a
unique meaning.

● “The kid is standing next to the tree.”

● “In July, it gets colder as the day goes on.”

● “The tiger is coming towards us.”

We can combine them with nouns or sentences to indicate PLACE.

● behind the curtain

● underneath the bed
● around the parking lot
● at the door
● on the table
● across the hallway
Examples:

● “Playing hide-and seek, there is always someone hiding behind

a tree”
● “Julie thought she lost her keys, but they were underneath the
table”
● “Mary wants to travel around the world one day”
● “Hurry up, peter is waiting for you at the door”
● “The room was a mess, all his clothes were on the floor”
● “Did you see the new flower shop across the street?”

We can combine them with nouns or sentences to indicate TIME:

● throughout the year
● within a month
● as soon as you leave
● until it’s too late
● since monday
● during the holidays
Examples:

● “Polly is very creative with the way she dresses. I always look
forward to seeing her outfits throughout the week.”
● “Maggie and June are best friends. If ever they fight, they make
up within a day.”
● “Make sure to fasten your seat belts as soon as you enter the
car”
● “Honey, can you pick up the kids? I’ll be working until 8 tonight.”
● “I’ve wanted to learn how to tango since we went to Argentina.”
● “Hugh is going to call you again during the week to check on
the deal.”

We can combine them with nouns or sentences to indicate

MOVEMENT:

● to Paris
● through the room
● over the fence
● down the stairs
● towards you
● into the woods
Examples:

● “Jenna’s dream is to travel to Rome”

● “I saw you walking through the cafeteria”
● “My cat jumps over the fence to visit the neighbor sometimes”
● “When Martha came down the stairs, she was looking
distraught”
● “I asked Thomas for help, and he pointed me towards you”
● “Julia has a job interview, but she is nervous to go into the
room.”

FUN FACT!

The expressions “through” and “throughout” often

cause confusion. Both are prepositions that have
similar, but different meanings.

“Through” usually means going from one side to

the other side;
“Throughout” usually encompasses every part of
a place, or an entire period of time.
Recommendations:

★ TV Show: Out Of Practice , available on Prime Video

LESSON 03: HOW DO YOU LIKE IT?

How many extra buttons do

How much is this shirt?
I get?

Do you see the difference between how many and how much?

How much: asking about How many: asking about

quantity of uncountable quantity of countable
nouns (money, time, food, nouns (anything that has a
liquids, information, plural form, and that you
abstract concepts) can count)
Examples:

● How far can you run? Do you think you could try a marathon?
● How handsome is your friend? I don’t like blind dates.
● How weird can I be around your parents? Are they going to
judge me if I bring up Naruto during dinner?
● How good are your drinks? I want an old-fashioned.
● How loud is your alarm? I know you’re super tired, but I need you
awake tomorrow at 6 am.
● How fast is service in that restaurant?
● How old is your kid now? Last time I saw him, he was a baby!
● How wide is the driveway to the garage? This new car is fairly
large.
● How well do we have to perform as a team? I want that
Christmas bonus payment from the company!
● How tall is that window? Can you measure it for me? I’m buying
curtains.

FUN FACT!

Good is an adjective, the opposite of bad; it describes

the characteristics of a noun (drinks).
Well is an adverb, it modifies and characterizes a
verb (to draw). The opposite of well is badly.

“How is bacon bad for me, if it makes me happy?”

(adj)

“You realize I dance badly on purpose to amuse

my friends, right?” (adv)
We can also use the word how in negative and affirmative sentences.

● Our boss realizes how good you are. You’ll get a raise soon, trust
me!
● We are lost and you don’t know how to get there, so ask for
directions.

Recommendation

★ How big, how blue, how beautiful, by Florence + The Machine

★ How Did you Love, by Shinedown
★ How Deep Is Your Love, by Bee Gees
★ How You Remind Me, by Nickelback.
LESSON 03: TAKE IT ALL IN!
Phrasal verbs are idiomatic expressions consisting of a verb plus
another particle, usually an adverb or a preposition.

● Let’s hang out on the weekend.

● Sure, I’ll pick you up at 6 on Friday.

Using phrasal verbs help us sound more natural and confident when
speaking English.
Sometimes, we can insert element between the words:

● I heard about the engagement, Mary brought it up at work the

other day.

Examples:

● “Sarah was about to cry, so I had to calm her down.”

● “It’s our dog’s birthday, and Martha’s dressing him up for the
party.”
● “I’m not telling you, I’m letting you figure this out on your own.”
● “Peter is the one responsible for throwing the trash out.”
● “Are you guys going to Hawaii? Count me in.
Sometimes these words only go together, and are inseparable.

● Peter looks up to you! You’re like an older sister to him.

Examples:

● “Mike dropped by her house, and said she wasn’t home.”

● “In parties, Sean is the guy who likes to keep to himself.”
● “I don’t know how you put up with his rude behavior. I would
have quit, if I were you.”
● “Watch out for the dog, she doesn’t like strangers.”
● “I haven’t finished that project yet, but I’ll get around to it this
month.”

Recommendations:

★ Hello, by Adele
★ Chandelier, by SIA
★ Hold up, by Beyoncé
★ Million Reasons, by Lady Gaga
LESSON 04: HAVE I GOT SOMETHING
TO TELL YOU….
- Have you ever been in an awkward situation because you
couldn’t communicate properly?
- Paul has. He has been in terrible job interviews in his career,
because he has trouble understanding different accents.

To talk about previous experiences, we tend to use the Present

Perfect tense.
It is composed of the auxiliary verb have/has + the past participle of
a verb.
● I have seen this movie before.

Alice has worked here for 5 years.

Past participle: work

aux: verb have/has

The kids have gone to all the amusements parks in the state.

Past participle: go

aux: verb have/has

 Alice has worked here for 5 years now.

5 years ago now

The kids have gone to all the amusements parks in the state.

now

This verb tense is used to indicate events that occurred:

1) at an indefinite time in the past

“You have messaged me before, haven’t you?”

2) or began in the past and continued to the present time

“I’ve practiced yoga since 2010.”

EXPRESSIONS TO INCLUDE IN YOUR CONVERSATION

● “I’ve had enough”

● “Have you heard?”
● before
● lately
● “been there, done that”
Real examples:

● “And we can help them but we can't do it for them.” - Obama on

the state of the world: the extended Vox conversation
● “Dreadnoughtus could stand in one place and with that neck.” -
Hunting for dinosaurs showed me our place in the universe |
Kenneth Lacovara
●

Recommendations:

★ Song: Glitter in the Air, by Pink

★ Song: Have you Ever Seen the Rain, by Creedence Clearwater
LESSON 04: STILL HAVEN’T FOUND
WHAT I’M LOOKING FOR…

In the negative form of the present perfect, you insert “not” between
the auxiliary verb have and the past participle of the main verb:

● Clara has not been to the doctor yet this year.

In the contracted form:
● You haven’t seen the last of me.

Examples:

● "I haven’t yet discovered why my phone makes this noise.”

● “Lucy hasn’t seen my new haircut yet.”
● “For three years, we’ve waited for you to visit, and you’re only
staying for a week?!”
● “Mike and Lynn have said it before: you’re always welcome here.”
● “Since 2018, we haven’t traveled at all. A newborn baby is tough
work, and yet I love every second of it!”
HAVE I?

“Have I left the stove on?”

For questions, we invert the order of the subject and the aux.
have/has, and the rest remains the same.

have/has + subj + past participle + complement?

Have you seen this dog? It’s

been missing since June.
Pease call the number if
you’ve seen Tyler.

FUN FACT!

Although they might appear to have similar meanings, the

expressions “yet” and “already” are not the same.
“Yet” refers to things which have not happened. It’s used in
negative sentences and in questions.
“Already” refers to things which have happened or which
people think may have happened. It’s used in affirmative
sentences and sometimes in
questions.
Examples:

● “It’s been great to see you all, but I have to go home. My wife’s
fallen asleep already.”
● “Working from home has gotten tiring for me. What about you,
have you gone back to the office yet?”
● “She’s already left the building, I better run.”
● “I loved that movie” “Have you seen this already? It’s not even in
theaters yet!”

Real examples:

● “They have to put ideology and religion and ethnicity aside” -

Benjamin Barber: Porque prefeitos deveriam governar o mundo
● “We should never lose focus of that objective to grow..” - The
Business in the World Around Us | Google Zeitgeist
● “why don't we just boil our squash, and our steak too?” - Binging
with Babish: Squash and Beef from It's Always Sunny in
Philadelphia

Recommendations:
★ Song: We Are the Champions, by Queen
★ Song: How Far I’l Go , from the Moana soundtrack
1) Complete the sentences with past continuous and simple past.

a. He ________________ (watch) a movie when his parents

________(arrive).
b. I ________________ (take) a shower when the lights _________ (go)
out.
c. When my mom __________ (call) me I _____________(play) chess.
d. While she _________________ (listen) to music, her sister __________
(get) into the room.
e. While Mary _____________ (try) to sleep, she _________ (hear) a
noise.
f. We ___________ (read) when the soccer match __________ (start).

2) What were they doing?

b.

e.g: She was playing video-game. _______________________.

a. c.

_____________________________. ________________________.
3) Answer according to yourself.

a. What were you doing last night?

b. Where were you studying last week?
c. What were you watching last month?
d. What were you eating yesterday morning?
e. What were you doing before starting to study?

4) Choose the correct possessive pronoun to complete the sentences.

a. That’s not my jacket. That’s ______ (hers/ her).

b. The blue shirt right over there is ______ (my/mine)
c. That ball is ______ (mine/ my), not (your/yours)
d. That is _____-(his/him) video game.
e. Is that pencil case _______ (her/ hers).

5) What kind of fabric are these things made of?

a. c.

b. d.
e. f.

6) Complete the sentences with the words in the box:

baggy -casual - cheap - elegant - expensive - formal

- take off- try on- match

a. I can’t afford that car. It’s too ______________.

b. Why don’t you ___________ these shoes to see if they are
comfortable?
c. Lily’s party requires __________ clothing. So I need to buy a new
suit.
d. Yellow and green don’t _________ at all.
e. Only $10? That’s very ___________.
f. Beyoncé was so _____________ on the Red Carpet.
g. I can’t buy that jeans. They’re too _______.
h. Please, __________ your shoes before getting home. They are dirty.
i. I don’t like wearing fancy clothes. I prefer ________ clothing

7) How would you describe your style?

8) What kind of clothes do you like to wear?

9) What kind of clothes you don’t like to wear?

10) Choose the best modal verb to complete the sentences:

a. You __________ (could/ should) listen to your mom.

b. You __________ (don’t have to/ can’t) park here.
c. People _______ (should/shouldn’t) waste food.
d. (Should/Can) I have a cheeseburger, please?
e. I broke my leg, so I (couldn’t/can’t) play soccer this weekend.
f. (Should/ Can) you play the piano?
g. She (shouldn’t/should) eat so much junk food.

11) It’s your turn! Write a short horror story by using the past
continuous and send to us!
1) 6)

a. was watching/ arrived a. expensive

b. was taking/ went b. try on
c. called/ was playing c. formal
d. was listening/ got d. match
e. was trying/ heard e. chep
f. were reading/ started f. elegant
g. baggy
2) h. take off
i. casual
a. They were drinking beer.
b. They were flying a kite. 7)
c. He was eating pizza.
Personal answer.
3)
8)
Personal answers.
Personal answer.
4)
9)
a. hers
b. mine Personal answer.
c. mine/yours
d. his 10)
e. hers
a. should
5) b. can’t
c. shouldn’t
a. cotton d. Can
b. wool e. can’t
c. denim f. Can
d. leather g. shouldn’t
e. silk
f. suede 11)

Personal answer.
 UNIT 04: THE BEST
OF 4:
UNIT BOTH WORLDS!
BACK TO SCHOOL!
 LESSON 01: ONSITE

Write it down!

What do you What do you want to What have you

know about know about school? learned about
school? school?

ONSITE OR ONLINE?

Camille prefers to study On the other hand, her teacher

online nowadays. There is
so much learning material
she can access from her
own home! Her computer
is her classroom now.
Jonathan misses having
onsite classes. He thinks
connecting with students was
easier when they were face to
face. om now.
Examples:

● May I take a short break? I need to drink some water.

● Where can I find the exercises for this lesson?
● That point wasn’t clear to me. Can you explain it again?
● When is the next exam? I’d like to be prepared.
● How do I spell that word, please?
● What does ___________ mean?
● How can I pronounce ___________?

Show of hands: who likes working in groups?

Collaborating with your colleagues can be a challenging, yet

enriching experience. It requires keeping an open mind, and a
balance between being participant and being overbearing.
At the end of the day, there is one common goal: everyone wants
to make the grade!

ARE YOU A BOOKWORM?

Someone who spends a lot of

time reading, and might be
able to pass with flying
colors.
It means to be
extremely successful.
 How do you learn best?

Some people are visual learners, and understand

things better through images, graphs, etc; others
need to take notes in order to truly understand a
new topic; while others learn better when they listen
Whattodo
someone
you speaking.
know about
natural wonders?

FUN IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS:

1. TO CRAM FOR A TEST - studying last minute, staying up late

the night before taking a test, trying to review as much materials
as possible.
2. TO PULL AN ALL-NIGHTER - to stay up all night.
3. TO SKIP CLASS - The absence of a child from school without
permission.
4. CHEAT SHEET - a piece of paper bearing written notes intended
to aid one's memory, typically one used surreptitiously in an
examination.
Examples:

● “Where’s Jenny?” “She’s at the school library. She’s been

cramming for her physics test all morning.”
● I pulled an all-nighter last night. But at least I finished my essay.
● I’ve never skipped class in my life!
What do you
My dad
● know has created a cheat sheet of useful devices that can
about
natural wonders?
make your day at work more productive.

ONSET CLASSES

Onset classes tend to have pros and cons. On one hand, having a
teacher right beside you, as well as colleagues, to ask for assistance is
always nice. On the other, the distance and inflexible schedules can
be a problem.
What do you miss about being in a classroom?
What do you not miss?

PROS CONS

➔ Face-to-face ➔ Higher tuition fees

interaction ➔ Less personalized/
➔ Stronger individualized lessons
teacher-student ➔ Rigid timetable
connections
➔ Fewer distractions
 FUN FACT!

The phrase 'pros and cons' is an abbreviation of the

Latin phrase pro et contra, 'for and against', and has
been in use in the abbreviated form since the 16th
century, according to the Oxford English Dictionary!

What do you
know about
natural wonders?
Real examples:
● “Here you can learn about notable landmarks, visit the onsite
Dreams of Freedom Museum” - 10 BEST Things To Do In Boston |
What To Do In Boston
● “Plus it often leads to having to pull an all-nighter to get things
done.” - How to Stop Procrastinating: Work & Study Productivity
Tips

Recommendations:

★ Movie- The Freedom Writers, available on Netflix.

LESSON 01: ONLINE!
ONLINE CLASSES

The learning process via the internet has its own characteristics.

If you are a teacher, the roll call (to check for attendance) can be the
only time you hear your students’ voices during class.

If you are a student, you may struggle to find an opportunity to

participate in class and voice your opinions.

TECHNICAL MATTERS

Zoom calls, Google Classrooms and Skype Calls are wonderful online
spaces that allow us to connect with one another and learn together.

How do you prepare for class?

And during the week, how do you study for your online english
course?

TIPS
● Make sure your online connection is stable
● Your headphones and microphone are working
● You are in a quiet environment, and you won’t
be interrupted
FUN IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS

➔ Lagging: a delay or decrease in application speed, due to

extreme network congestion or insufficient processing power.

This meeting could

Sorry, go ahead.
be and e-mail.

➔ To put yourself on mute: to mute your microphone during a call

to avoid background noises
➔ To speak up: to speak louder
➔ To share your screen: the option of showing other people what
you see
➔ To catch something: to hear and understand what someone
said
➔ “Perhaps we should…”: a polite suggestion on your screen
➔ “Sorry to interrupt”: a polite way of interjecting your opinion

Examples:

● This online service is lagging a little behind.

● That actress have to speak up, I can’t hear anything from here.
● Can you share your screen so I can check it with you?
● I guess she didn’t catch your joke.
● You shouldn’t interrupt people.
Dialogue

A: Hello everyone! I can hear some background noise. If you are not
speaking, please put yourself on mute.
B: Sorry to interrupt. I didn’t catch what you said. Could you repeat?
A: I said to put yourself on mute if you’re not speaking! Can you hear
me?
C: The sound quality is bad, could you speak up a bit?
D: Perhaps you should write it on the side chat.

I think we should study for the online test together.

main verb

modal verb

● Should: modal verb that indicates a strong suggestion.

Modal verbs always accompany main verbs, and add a layer of
modality to their meanings.
There are good things and bad things about online learning.
In your opinion, what are the pros and cons of learning via the
internet?
Do you have suggestions for someone who wants to join a class
(of any kind)?

PROS CONS

➔ More affordable ➔ Technology issues

➔ Flexibility ➔ Isolation
➔ Easy access ➔ Teacher training
➔ Mobility ➔ Screen time management

Real examples:
● “Observers and leaders have got to speak up.” - How to reduce
bias in your workplace | The Way We Work, a TED series
● “I am a Psychologist, or perhaps what I should say, a Cognitive
Neuroscientist.” - People of Science with Brian Cox - Uta Frith on
Alice Lee

Recommendations:

★ Movie- School of Rock, available on Netflix.

LESSON 02: P.E!
“P.E.” is the class where kids practice sports and learn about physical
activities. It usually takes place in a gymnasium (or court), in a field or
in a tracking course, and the teacher is there to supervise, usually
with a whistle.

Do you have good memories from P.E. class? Was the locker room
fun in your school?

WORKING OUT

Working out is a great way to maintain not only physical health, but
also mental health.
There are all types of gyms where you can exercise, but Crossfit is the
latest craze in the gym world.
An instructor can help you decide which exercising program is best
for you.

AT THE GYM

It’s very important to warm up before you start any type of exercise,
and to stay hydrated throughout.

Lifting weights is not all you can do at the gym: some places offer
activities like pilates, yoga, martial arts, and swimming classes.
Examples:

● Lisa likes to warm up with a short run.

● I’m practicing so that I can try out for the school team next
week.
● Paul tried running the marathon but he gave up around mile 4.
● My brother is such a jock. He decided to cut down on all carbs
to stay in shape.
● My grandmother decided to take up Tai Chi Chuan.

SPORTS AROUND THE WORLD

In the U.S., the most common sports are:

● American Football
● Baseball
● Ice Hockey
● Soccer
● Basketball

Do you know how to play them?

In the U.K., the most common sports are:

● Football
● Cricket
● Rugby
● Tennis
● Badminton

Do you know how to play them?

As for the rest of the world, there are several other very popular sports:
● Volleyball
● Surfing
● Golf
● Skateboard

Do you practice sports? What are you good at?

FUN FACT!

The first Olympics took place in the 8th century B.C.

in Olympia, Greece. Back then, athletes didn’t wear
sports attire - they used to compete completely
naked.

Physical exercise is prescribed as treatment for a number of

conditions. It facilitates wellness, which is defined as a “positive
physical, social and mental state”.

How do you see the importance of practicing sports?

.
FUN IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS

➔ Home run - an impressive success.

➔ Sportsmanship - behaviour in sport that is fair and shows
respect to the other players
➔ G.O.A.T - Greatest Of All Time
➔ Super Bowl Sunday (NFL)

Examples:

● You outdid yourself, Helen. Your speech was a home run!

● Pelé is known to be the king of soccer, and also for his
sportsmanship.
● Lewis Hamilton is the G.O.A.T.
● Super Bowl Sunday is considered an unofficial holiday in the U.S.

Recommendations:

★ Movie- Woodlawn, available on Netflix.

.
LESSON 02: CALL THE SHOTS!

Can you figure out what does the idiom “to call the shots” mean?

● “Everybody can’t be in charge. Someone has to call the shots!”

That’s right. It means that the person who calls the shot is in the
position of making decisions, control or being in charge of something.

FUN FACT!

Reminder: An idiom is a phrase or expression that

typically presents a figurative, non-literal meaning
attached to the phrase.
What’s an idiom that you like?
.
SPORTS IDIOMS

➔ The ball is in your court: - the responsibility now is yours.

(tennis)
➔ Curve ball - unexpected move. (baseball)
➔ To drop the ball - to make an error (football)
➔ To have someone in your corner - to have support or help from
someone. (boxing)
➔ Slam-dunk - a forceful, dramatic move. (basketball)
➔ Wheelhouse - a person’s area of experience. (baseball)

Examples:

● “The ball is in your court, you have to make the move”

● “That was such a curve ball, I had no reaction”
● “You have a unique opportunity here, I hope you don’t drop the
ball”
● “Things might be difficult, but know that you have us in your
corner”
● “I watched Cesar quitting yesterday, and he was so happy it
looked like a slam-dunk”
● “Julia was happy to be assigned that developing job. It’s right up
her wheelhouse.”
● There’s nothing we can do about it now. The ball is in their
court.
● Sorry, mom. I really dropped the ball. It won’t happen again.
A lot of sports expressions are used by people in their day-to-day lives
in other contexts. These idioms can be very useful to english learners:
they help us sound more fluent.
We can look at it as a gambit: a strategy to gain advantage (chess).

MORE IDIOMS

➔ To ace a test - to get a very high score.

● July is working hard to ace the test.
➔ To throw in the towel - to admit that you are defeated or cannot
do something anymore:.
● I don’t want to throw in the towel, but this task is practically
impossible.
➔ To carry the ball - to be responsible for making progress with a
task:.
● Not everyone is our group is helping with the assignment, so
Fred and I have to carry the ball.
➔ To run interference - to deal with problems for someone as they
happen:.
● Paula is the supervisor; she can run interference if we need help
Recommendations:

★ Song- I Don’t Dance, by High School Musical 2

★ Song- Lover, by Taylor Swift
LESSON 03: WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Before starting the lesson, tell me: What are they doing? Hoy would
you describe these activities?

We use the verb “do” in

sentences talking about
sports and activities that
don’t involve teams or a ball.

.
We use the verb “play” in
sentences talking about
group sports, where people
compete against one
another.

The verb “go” is used for

activities and that end in -ing.
The verb go here implies that
we go somewhere to practice
this sport.
As it was said previously, you can use play to talk about group sports,
such as: volleyball, soccer, basketball, dodgeball.

Do can be used when talking about: martial arts, ballet, yoga,

crosswords, archery, etc.

And you’re going to use go with verbs such as: swimming, surfing,
fishing, running, hiking, camping, etc.
Examples:

● John always helps when the kids are playing chess.

● Carla and I are doing Judo every Sunday this semester.
● The best guy on the team is hurt, so everyone is playing with
him in mind tonight.
● Being active is difficult. I’m going swimming every Tuesday
morning, but sometimes I just want to sleep in.
● Doing ballet is a highly demanding activity.
● Maya and Nicolas are doing crosswords competitively.
● Work was so stressful, I’m thinking of going dancing.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The Present Continuous is a verb tense used to talk about the

ongoing present. It describes things that are happening at this
moment, right now.

Subject + verb to be + main verb + ing + complement

- What are the kids doing?

- The kids are playing dodgeball.

verb to be mein verb +ing (gerund)

HOW DO WE SPELL THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

add -ing to the base work working

verb

if the verb ends in stop stopping

consonant + stressed
vowel + consonant
double the last letter

when the last syllable open opening

is not stressed you
don’t double the last
letter.

If the base verb ends die dying

in -ie, change the ie
to y

If the base verb ends come coming

in vowel + consonant
+ e, omit the -e

In questions, the subject and verb to be trade places. Sometimes,

there is a question word in the beginning, but not always.

Questions What are the kids doing?

words Where are the kids hiding?

Are they playing with worms?

Main verb +
Verb to be
ing (gerund)
Dialogue:

A: Hi, Julia! Long time no see. What’s going on in your life?

B: Hey, Louis! Not much. I’m working closer to home now, which is
cool. What about you?
A: That’s great. I’m doing Yoga now! I know Lisa loves yoga, is she still
practicing?
B: Yes, she is. Lisa is a teacher now! She’s starting her own group in
December.
A: That’s amazing. I think I’m joining her group!

REMINDER!
Verb to be (present)

I am
YOU are
HE is
SHE is
IT is

WE are
YOU are
THEY are
Real examples:

● “Sorry, Fred is cooking way faster than George” - Testing Risotto

Myths | The FundaKendalls
● “You and I are dying each day, because we are getting older.” - 9
Things to Not Take for Granted in Your 20s
●

Recommendations:

★ Song- Just the Way You Are, by Bruno Mars

★ Song-Waving through a Window, by Ben Platt
LESSON 04: PLAN AHEAD!
Can you guess the difference?

I am cooking pasta.

I am cooking pasta tonight.

The difference is that one is happening right now, and one is

happening later. Which one is which? How do you know?

I’m cooking pasta tonight.

Present
Continuous Time expression
indicating the
future

We can also use The Present Continuous to talk about an

arrangement for the future!

● The company is giving a big bonus in October.

.
❏ It’s important to add a complement that reveals when the
arrangement is happening in the future. Otherwise, the
sentence might sound ambiguous.

● My dad and I are cooking Thanksgiving dinner this year.

Examples:

● “The boss is leaving early tonight, but we’re staying to finish the
project.”
● “We’re meeting Mia at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.”
● “Julia is doing a group project on the weekend, so she can’t go
out with us.”
● “I know you love this movie, but we’re leaving the theater before
the end credits scene because it’s already very late.”
● “Maria and Jenny are arriving soon. They are on the way here.”

USEFUL TIME EXPRESSIONS

on the weekend in the afternoon later

on monday in the morning before dinner
on Christmas in the evening after breakfast
on my birthday in 2023 soon
when I’m finished at 10 o’clock as soon as I can
the day after at midnight a month from now
tomorrow at night
.
FUN EXPRESSIONS AND IDIOMS

➔ In a sec - very soon

➔ Making time - to make certain you have some time when you
are not busy in order to do something you think you should do
➔ Time off - free time or the time you’re not working
➔ 1985 = nineteen eighty-five
➔ 1907 = nineteen oh seven
➔ Food for thought - something worth thinking seriously about

Dialogue:
A: Buddy, are you coming tonight?
B: Yes, of course! I’m making time to see you guys.
A: Good, you need some time off. I hope you’re bringing wine!
B: I’m not, but I’m making the most delicious pie. I’m taking it out of
the oven in a sec.
A: That old family recipe?
B: Yep. Straight from nineteen oh two.

.
Examples:

● Food for thought: life is too short to worry about every single
thing.
● “Edward! Come here!” “In a sec!”
● I haven’t taken time off from work in forever.
● Making time is about knowing what your priorities are.

Recommendations:

★ Song- And I am Telling You I’m not Going, by Jennifer Hudson

★ Song- Never Going Back Again, by Fleetwood Mac
★ Song- Leaving On a Jet Plane, by John Denver

.
1) To cram for a test means tta you’re really excited to do it because you
spent a long time studying hard for it.

a. True
b. False

2) To skip class is the absence of a child from school without

permission

a. True
b. False

3) To pull an all-nighter means:

a. To meet someone at night

b. To sleepover
c. To stay up all night
d. To sleep all night long

4) In your opinion, what are the pros and cons of online classes?

5) What activities did you used to do in your P.E classes at school?

6) Fill the gaps by using the following words:

working out - gym - warm up- lift weights - do yoga -

swimming classes - instructor
a. Don’t forget to _____________ before exercising.
b. I live near to the ____________, but I never go there.
c. I started to ___________________ last week. I go every other day.
d. If I lived in a hot place I think I would like to take ________________.
e. That new ____________ is really cute.
f. The worst part about working out is when you have to ____________.
g. I would recommend you to _____________. People say it is really
relaxing.

7) All theses sports are most common in the U.S, with the exception
of:

a. Football
b. Baseball
c. Tennis
d. Soccer
e. Basketball

8) All theses sports are most common in the U.K with the exception
of:

a. Cricket
b. Soccer
c. Badminton
d. Cricket
e. Rugby

9) To call the shots mean:

a. drink alcohol
b. to call someone
c. to be in charge of something
10) To say “ the responsibility now is yours, you can use the idiom:

a. There’s someone in your corner

b. Ace a test
c. Throw the towel
d. The ball is in your court
e. Slam-dunk

11) Play, do or go?

a. I _________ ballet.
b. They __________ camping every month.
c. I don’t like to _____________ running.
d. Let’s _________ volleyball.
e. Let’s _____________ fishing.
f. Shall we ____________ crosswords?
g. Can we _________ surfing?

12) What are these people doing?

a. c.

b. d.
a. c.

b.
d.

13) What are you planning to do in the end of the year? Write it down
using present continuous for future. Do not forget the time
expressions!
1) 10)

a. False d. The ball is in your court

2) 11)

a. True a. do
b. go
3) c. go
d. play
c. To stay up all night e. go
f. do
4) g. go

Personal answer 12)

5) Personal answers

Personal answer 13)

6) Personal answer

a. warm up
b. gym
c. working out
d. swimming classes
e. lift weights
f. do yoga

7)

c. Tennis

8)

b. Soccer

9)

c. To be in charge of something
UNIT 01: PEOPLE
UNIT 01: SAVE FOR A
RAINY DAY!
LESSON 01: A PIECE OF ADVICE!
Write it down!

What do you What do you want to What have you

know about know about giving learned about
giving advice? advice? it?

Imagine you have a friend your family member facing a problem, you
want to help them and offer them solutions and suggestions. How
would you go about doing that?

MAYBE YOU SHOULD…

I don’t have
enough money for
the ticket.

My brother lost his

keys and now I’m
locked outside.
What would you say to people in these kinds of situations?

An advice, according to the Cambridge

Dictionary is:

An opinion that someone offers you about

what you should do or how you should act
in a particular situation.

To offer a helpful suggestion Advice is an

someone is the same as giving uncountable noun. To
and advice. But how do you do quantify it we say:
that in English? A piece of advice.

ASKING FOR ADVICE GIVING ADVICE

● What should I do? ● You should

● What’s your advice? ● I think you should
● What do you suggest? ● I suggest you
● Can you give advice on… ● Maybe you should
● What would you do? ● I would
AND THE MAGIC WORD IS…

A really useful and common word to use when giving advice is the
modal verb “should”. But what does it mean exactly? Should as any
modal verb doesn’t carry meaning by itself so it attaches itself to
other verbs. Like this:

● Should take ● Should study

● Should buy ● Should manage
● Should cry ● Should run
● Should call ● Should go back

Of course you can also use it in negative and interrogative

structures:
AFFIRMATIVE

Subject + SHOULD + verb infinitive + complement

They should watch less TV.

NEGATIVE

Subject + SHOULD NOT + verb infinitive + complement

(SHOULDN’T)

They shouldn’t watch less TV.

INTERROGATIVE
SHOULD + Subject + verb infinitive + complement?

Should they watch less TV?

Examples:
● They shouldn’t spend so much time on TikTok.
● My family should travel to another country together.
● Should I change my shirt?
● Doctors should be more careful when talking to patients.

RECEIVING ADVICE

When we get advice from other people we can accept or decline it,
let’s take a look at some ways we can do both those things:

ACCEPT DECLINE

➔ I’ll think about that.

➔ Thank you!
➔ I appreciate your
help.
➔ I’ll do that. Thanks.
➔ Good idea. I’ll
consider it.
➔ Thanks, but I see it
differently.
➔ I’m not sure about it.

Of course we can decline people politely, like shown in some of the

examples above.
AT A LOSS FOR WORDS

There are also times when you don’t know what to say, or what
advice to give someone, in that case we can say something like:
● I don’t know what to say / advise.
● I wish I could help. I’m sorry.
● I’m sorry, but I can’t help you with that.

Real examples:

● “So my advice to anybody on this kind of research journey…” -

Digital R&D Wales Fund project: TaikaBox
● “... but why should we support gender equality?." - Why Gender
Equality Is Good for Everyone — Men Included | Michael Kimmel
| TED Talks
● “And that’s what traps good ideas in the valley of death…” - Why
good ideas get trapped in the valley of death— and how to
rescue them

Recommendations:

★ Movie - Wall-E, available on Disney+.

★ Movie - Gran Torino, available on Prime Video.
LESSON 02: PIGGY BANK!

Do you know what is your country’s currency?

Brazil’s currency is
the Real

Let’s take a look at other countries’ currencies:

The U.S.’ currency Japan’s currency is

is the Dollar the Yen
 England’s currency Mexico’s currency
is the English Pound is the Peso

Some currency is used by more than one country:

Germany
France
Italy
Spain
Portugal
Greece
Belgium
Ireland
Finland
Malta
etc…
The Euro is many
countries’ currency
BUYING AND SELLING

When we want to travel to a different country we have to buy the

appropriate currency. Think about this: you can’t use dollars on your
local grocery store right? The process of buying and selling currency
is called currency exchange.

The exchange rate is the

relative value between two
different currencies

TALKING ABOUT MONEY

To be on a budget or to
have a budget means to
have a limited amount of
money to do something.
 Expenses are the things
we spend money on. They
can be recurring, like
bills.

Being broke means to

have no money.

To save money means to

not spend money in order
to accumulate more for
the future.
Real examples:

● “I started a garden to save money on food.” - The secret to being

a successful freelancer | The Way We Work, a TED series
● “It is the case that white men earn more than black women.” -
Black Women's 'Double Gap' in Wages
● “For me, the priority is to increase the air exchange rate.” -
Ventilation Is Key to Battling Covid. Here’s Why | WSJ

Recommendations:

★ Song: Price Tag, by Jessie J and B.o.B

LESSON 02: MONEY MONEY MONEY!
During this part of the lesson, we will learn more keywords and
expressions to talk about money and finances.

SALARY X WAGE

Salary is an amount of Wage is a value paid to

money you get paid someone hourly and is
over a specific period multiplied by the
(weekly, monthly, number of hours
annually) worked.

RECEIVE X EARN

Earn is used when

Receive is a word that
there is a measure of
implies a transactional
effort put in before
relationship where you
receiving something.
are getting something
Like a salary for
in return.
example.
 REVENUE X PROFIT

Revenue is a number
that shows the total Profit shows the
amount of money amount of money
made in sales. This earned taking costs in
number ignores consideration.
production costs.

Example:

If an iPhone costs $13.000,00 but to Apple spends $8000.00 to

produce it when it is sold the company makes $13.000 in sales
revenue but only $5000 in profit.

Now let’s take a look at some expressions related to money

➔ (TO) PICK UP THE TAB - To pay for the entire bill.

➔ (TO) FEEL LIKE A MILLION DOLLARS - To feel good about
yourself.
➔ (TO) CUT BACK ON - To limit your spending.
➔ (TO) SPLASH OUT - To spend without worries.
➔ (TO) OFFER/GIVE YOUR TWO CENTS - To give your opinion.
Real examples:

● “Look at the industry for self-image, and the jobs it creates, the
revenue it turns over.” - Embracing otherness, embracing myself
| Thandiwe Newton
● “The growing numbers of people who work full time and yet
cannot earn enough to put food on the table.” - 13 Lessons
About Poverty
● “My salary might change in the way that I get a lower base
salary, but a higher commission…” - Outdoor Education
Professional | What I do & how much I make | Part 1 | Khan
Academy

Recommendations:

★ Song: Minimum Wage, by Blake Shelton

★ Song: Earned it, by The Weeknd
LESSON 03: THAT’S A FACT!

It is important to understand how to talk about cause and

consequence, this dynamic is present in all aspects of life and there
are certain structures related to it.

DAMNED IF YOU DO, DAMNED IF YOU DON’T

One really important word to understand during this lesson is “IF”. It

is used to express a condition, and is usually used in structure like
this.

IF CONDITION CONSEQUENCE

This order can also be reversed in some cases.

CONSEQUENCE IF CONDITION

IF THE SHOE FITS

In general conditional sentences are separated into different types,
according to the time tenses they use, in this lesson we will talk about
the zero conditional. This conditional is used to talk about facts, laws
of nature and rules.
One easy way to think about what cause and consequence pairs can
form zero conditional sentences is to look at things that happen in
nature. For example, think about this question:

What happens
when it rains?

Answer: It gets wet.

So, in this case, we can say the following is true:

If it rains, things get wet.

IF CONDITION CONSEQUENCE

Examples:
● If you don’t study you get bad grades.
● If you leave it out it goes bad.
● If you don’t eat you lose weight.
● If you don’t listen you don’t understand it.
Real examples:

● “If I challenge people to build the equipment they need out of

the garbage I find, it's a great way to foster creativity.” - This
scientist makes ears out of apples | Andrew Pelling

Recommendation:
★ Song: Don’t Show Up, by Dua Lipa
LESSON 04: THAT’S A CONSEQUENCE!

In this lesson, we will talk about a different kind of conditional

sentence, the first conditional. We use this kind of structure to talk
about likely future consequences given a certain present condition.
Usually warnings, promises and predictions.

YOU’LL SEE

Let’s use the same method to explain the first conditional that we
used to explain the zero conditional during last lesson

IN THE PRESENT IN THE FUTURE

IF CONDITION CONSEQUENCE

If you don’t bring a coat, you will feel cold.

FACING THE CONSEQUENCES

It is important, when talking about the first conditional, to consider

the fact that we are talking about the future as such we are
predicting future consequences, but that doesn’t mean that our
predictions will come to fruition.
Examples:
● If you go to college next year you will graduate by 2027.
● If you don’t drive carefully you will get into an accident.
● If the country enters a recession the unemployment rate will
increase exponentially.
● If you invest in your education you will have a promising future.

Recommendation:

★ Song: If You Leave Now, by Chicago

1) What option best describes what is an advice:

a. An opinion offered talking about how to do or act in a certain

situation
b. An order given to correct someone’s behavior
c. An idea given to help someone do something correctly
d. A promise made to someone to help in the future
e. A favor that helps someone accomplish something

2) Advice is an uncountable noun what expression can we use to

quantify it?

a. A part of advice
b. A sound advice
c. A piece of advice
d. A share of advice
e. A group of advice

3) To give advice we usually use a modal verb which one is it from the
options below?

a. May
b. Would
c. Could
d. Should
e. Might

4) Match the situations with the appropriate advice

a. I don’t have any money! 1. You should study next time.

b. I got robbed. What now? 2. You should call the police.
c. The test is tomorrow and I didn’t study. 3. You should talk to them.
d. My family isn’t getting along. 4. You should call the airport.
5. You should save some.
e. I forgot my luggage.
5) Match the countries with their corresponding currencies:

a. The U.S. 1. Euro

b. Japan 2. Peso
c. Germany 3. English Pound
d. Mexico 4. Dollar
e. England 5. Yen

6) Complete the sentences using the words in the box:

Budget Exchange rate Expenses Save money

a. The company is cutting __________. That is why we fired some

people.
b. The __________ for the dollar is really high right now.
c. Carla is trying to ______________ for a big trip.
d. My grocery ___________ is kinda low, so I’m not buying any snacks.

7) Choose the correct option in each of these sentences:

a. Their salary / wage is really high considering the average.

b. He received / earned a gift for his role as a leader.
c. The minimum hourly salary / wage is $16/hour in Florida.
d. The revenue / profits went up, but we are still operating on the red.
e. This products turns a low revenue / profit margin, but we can
make some money.
8) The zero conditional and the first conditional talk about cause
and consequences, choose the option that best describe their
differences:

a. The zero conditional talks about conditions and consequences in

the future and the first conditional talks about conditions and
consequences in the present
b. The zero and the first conditional talk about conditions in the
present but the former talks about consequences in the past and the
latter talks about consequences in the future.
c. The zero and first conditional talk about conditions in the present
but the former talks about facts and rules using the simple present
and the latter talks about future consequences.

9) Mark the sentences as “0” for zero conditional and “1” for first
conditional:

a. If you don’t pay the bills your electricity gets cut.

b. If you are not careful you get hurt.
c. If you go out right now you will be stuck in traffic.
d. If you don’t do something you will regret it.
e. If it rains car crash accidents increase.

10) Finish the conditional sentences to make them true for you:

a. If I don’t save money…

b. If I don’t study…
c. If I don’t take care of my health…
d. If I’m not careful at my job…
e. If I don’t call my friend…
1) 7)

A. a. Salary
b. Received
2) c. Wage
d. Revenue
C. e. Profit

3) 8)

D. C.

9)
4)
a. 0
a. 5 b. 0
b. 2 c. 1
c. 1 d. 1
d. 3 e. 0
e. 4
10)
5)
Personal Answer
a. Dollar
b. Yen
c. Euro
d. Peso
e. English Pound

6)

a. Expenses
b. Exchange Rate
c. Save money
d. Budget
UNIT 2: TOUCH BASE!
LESSON 01: FROM THE HORSE'S MOUTH!

Write it down!

What do you What do you want to What have you

know about know about phone learned about
phone calls? calls phone calls

Take a look at the timeline below:

Alexander
Graham Bell Henry Dreyfuss AT&T Talisman Apple,
Samsung...

1876 1930s’ 1965 1994 Today!

Boston and The Model 302 New buttons -. Charger Smartphones

Salem Telephone Slimmer design -
Trimline
 Landline phone Mobile phone Telephone booth=
Cellular phone=cell Pay phone
phone

HOW TO TALK ON THE PHONE

1. Answer the phone:

● Hello? - unknown caller

● Hi, (name), what’s up?
● Hello, (name) speaking.
● Hello, this is (name).

2. The caller can ask:

● May I speak to (name)?

3. The answer:

● This is she/he/they.
Dialogue:

*Phone ringing*

C: Hello?
F: Hello! This is Fred from Bank of America. May I speak to Clarissa
Miller?
C: This is she. What can I do for you?
F: I’m calling because of your credit card. I would like to check some
information.
C: What happened?
F: There was a suspicious activity last night. Did you purchase
anything at 3am?
C: No! I was sleeping. What can we do about it?
F: Don’t worry. I have blocked your card, and you’ll receive a new one
in a couple of days.
C: Perfect. Thank you so much for letting me know, Fred. Have a nice
day.
F: Thank you! You too.
Dialogue:

*Phone ringing*

J: Hey, Elen! What’s up?

E: Hi, Jayden! Not much… I just wanted to talk to you about
something. It’ll be quick.
J: Sure. Go ahead.
E: Well, my trip to Singapore is in a few days and I haven’t started
packing... Can you help me? And also, could you take me to the
airport too?
J: It’d be a pleasure to help you, dear. When can I come over?
E: Saturday, 2pm.
J: Perfect, I’ll be there.
E: I can’t thank you enough.
J: Don’t mention it!
VOICEMAIL

Leaving a voicemail or even having one on your phone is not so

common as we see in the movies. But since it’s always important to
be prepared, here is what you might listen to:

Formal

Hello, you’ve reached James at BMW. I’m sorry I couldn’t take your
call. If you need to speak with someone right away, you can contact
my coworker Sandy at 555 6787. Otherwise, leave a message with
your name and contact information, and I’ll get back to you.

Informal

Hi, you’ve reached Malu. I can’t get to the phone right now. Please
leave your name, number and reason for calling and I’ll get back to
you as soon as possible.
LESSON 01: TTYL!

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

It is the process of exchanging words, signs, or information with

others. It is done either verbally or non-verbally. Communication
enables us to pass information. We understand others because of
communication. Effective communication brings people closer and
together.

Cave
Symbols Pigeons Newspapers Post office
Paintings

1. 3. Ancient 4.
2. 10.000 B.C. 5. 1653
B.C. Rome 1440

7.
6. 1844 8. 1896 9. 1927 10. 1990
. 1876

Telegraph Telephone Radio TV Internet

 11. Late 80s’ 12. 1992 13. 1997

Text Social
Email
message media

PHRASAL VERBS ON THE PHONE

➔ Call up: to call someone unexpectedly

● Lorena called me up when I was at my math class.

➔ Call back: to return a call or call again

● Can I call you back later, Jordan? I’m super busy right now.

➔ Hang up: to end a call

● After I hung up, I remembered I forgot to say something
important.

➔ Hang up on: to end a call without waiting for the conversation to

be over (rude)
● Matheus just hung up on me! Can you believe him?
➔ Pick up: to answer the phone
● Could you pick up the phone for me please?

➔ Break up: when the person’s voice is not so clear over the phone
or a conference call
● I’m sorry. Could you say that again? You’re breaking up.

RING, CALL AND PHONE

These words are synonyms. Call is widely used in American English,

while ring is mostly used in British English. Phone, as in the short
form of telephone is not commonly used in American English (but
you might still hear some people use it). It’s much more common in
the U.K. Check out the examples:

➔ I’ll ring you when I get home, darling.

➔ Call me ASAP. I’m having a hard time deciding what to do about
that job proposal.
➔ They phoned me last night to invite me to their wedding. How
lovely.
SLANG - Internet/Texting

NP: no problem IDK: I don’t know

TTYL: talk to you later K: okay/ok

JK: just kidding BRB: be right back

CYA: see you (ya) DM: direct message

Example:

Hey, dude! Sup?

Yo! Not much. You?

Are you coming tonight?

idk. I think so.

Are you coming tonight?

idk. You’re not going, right? jk lol

lol. Alright, man. cya

k
Real examples:

● “Cause it was really hard to call up and order up a helicopter

when you call the military” - Being A Professional Dale Atkins at
TEDxYouth@EHS
● “He got a call back from his supervisor” - Arpaio Contempt of
Court Hearing & TEDxPhoenix & Experience Corps
● “This was in the phone conversation that we had, and then I
hung up the phone and I was like ‘what were you so surprised
for?’” - Susan Cain Shares 5 Secrets to Building a Career &
Networking as an Introvert

Recommendations:

★ Movie- The Lake House, available on Youtube.

LESSON 02: HAZARD AN OPINION!
On this lesson you are going to learn some ways to express your own
opinion.

Agree Disagree

To share the same opinion. To have a different opinion.

❏ I completely agree ❏ Hmm. I don’t know. I

with you. disagree with you.

Belief Conviction

The feeling of being sure A strong opinion or belief

that something is true
❏ It’s my conviction that
❏ Your belief in this he shouldn’t be
cause is beautiful. forgiven.

Judgement Take

To be able to consider Give your opinion

things and make decisions.
❏ I need your take on
❏ In my opinion, it was a this, Carol. Are you
poor judgement. free?
HOW TO GIVE YOUR OPINION

❏ In my opinion…
❏ I guess that…
❏ I would say that…
❏ I have the feeling that…

Examples:
● In my opinion that was a really nice movie.
● I guess you shouldn’t drop out of college right now.
● I have the feeling that she’s always avoiding me.
● I would say that you should take the job, but it’s up to you.

HOW TO AGREE WITH SOMEONE

❏ I agree with you.

❏ That’s right!
❏ I think so.
❏ You’re absolutely right!

HOW TO DISAGREE WITH SOMEONE

❏ I don’t agree/ I disagree.

❏ You’re wrong.
❏ I think otherwise.
❏ Not at all!
LESSON 02: DEFINITELY!
Can you tell me what do these words in bold have in common?

I think work is definitely the best place to make friends. It’s

obviously where you spend most of your time, and you are
probably surrounded by people that have common interests.
You’ll certainly be able to bond with them based on things
you do at work, but also things you enjoy doing in your free
time. That’s why moments of distraction are very important
in the workplace: they can clearly bring people together, and
make them work together more productively.

These adverbs are used to show how sure we are about something.
The most common ones are:

● Definitely ● Obviously ● Possibly ● Perhaps

● Clearly ● Probably ● Certainly ● Maybe
STRUCTURE

You’ll certainly be able to bond with them.

main verb

adv. of probability

Subject

It’s obviously where you spend most of your time

Subject

adv. of probability
main verb

Maybe you forgot your cell phone at work.

Subject Perhaps -
adv. of probability more formal

main verb
 They are definitely at home.
Reminder: for
emphasis, the verb to be
adverbs can be
placed in the adv. of probability
beginning of
the clause! Subject

Examples:

● Perhaps I will give her a call after I finish here. I need a ride
home.
● Tell Chris that Jenna and I will definitely be there tomorrow!
We’re super excited.
● I’m not so sure, but I think she’s probably going to be late. Do
you want me to text her?
● You were clearly the best!
● She is obviously late. So typical.

FUN EXPRESSIONS!
Adverbs of probability can
be used alone in a sentence
to indicate agreement to ● You bet
what the other person is ● Totes.
saying, or as a strong “yes”. ● Obvie
● Yas
DIALOGUE
.

A: Hey, Clarisse! How are you?

B: John! Long time no see. I’m doing great, how about you?
A: Fantastic! So, I heard Jacqueline is leaving the company and she’s
throwing a get-away party on Saturday. Did she call you to invite you?
B: She did Are you going to be there?
A: Definitely! She’s a dear friend of mind. I wouldn’t miss it for the
world.
B: Amazing. I’ll see you then.

A: She looks stunning, doesn’t she?

B: Absolutely! Where did she buy the dress?
A: Oh no, it was designed just for her. It’s one of a kind.
B: Wow.
A:I know! She’s probably going to sell it after the wedding though.
B: Certainly. She probably won’t have anywhere else to wear it for a
long time.
.ZODIAC SIGNS

♈ Aries: March 21–April 19

♉ Taurus: April 20–May 20

♊ Gemini: May 21–June 21

♋ Cancer: June 22–July 22

♌ Leo: July 23–August 22

♍ Virgo: August 23–September 22

♎ Libra: September 23–October 23

♏ Scorpio: October 24–November 21

♐ Sagittarius: November 22–December 21

♑ Capricorn: December 22–January 19

♒ Aquarius: January 20–February 18

♓ Pisces: February 19–March 20

LESSON 03: DON’T CHA?

That’s great, isn’t it?

Have you ever heard this before? How would you translate this to your
mother tongue?

QUESTION TAG

A question tag is that small question (for example: “isn’t it?”)

attached to the end of a sentence.
They are used to confirm something that was said.

STRUCTURE

Questions tags are formed with the auxiliary or modal verb from the
main clause (the statement) + the correct subject. Let’s take a look at
some examples:
 She is great, isn’t she?

verb to be -IS- affirmative verb to be -ISN’T- negative

BASIC RULES

➔ If the statement is in the affirmative, the tag question should be

in the negative;
➔ If the statement is in the negative, the tag question should be in
the affirmative;
➔ If the statement is in the simple present, the tag question
should use “do” or “does” depending on the subject of the
sentence

TAG QUESTIONS AND OPINIONS

They can be used when giving an opinion because they can

encourage the person you’re talking to to reply, besides just
confirming if something is true or not. That said, it can mean almost
the same thing as “Right?” or “Do you agree?”
Examples:

● Mel is from Italy, isn’t she?

● I need to speak with Larry. He isn’t home now, is he?
● I’m late, aren’ I?*
● They aren’t coming, are they? (disappointment)
● Timothée is the best, isn’t he?
● You don’t eat meat, do you?
● She looks amazing, doesn’t she?
● Jane hardly ever goes to the mall, does she? (hardly ever -
negative connotation)

REMINDER! Something important to understand with

question tags is the intonation. When the question is being
asked because you want to know the answer then the real
question has a rising intonation. If you want agreement or
confirmation then the question has a falling intonation.

Real examples:

● “That's stunning isn’t it?” - Demo of the new Weber Q Rotisserie

2015
● “Oh, I think it-- it absolutely proves their case. Don't you?” - Hillary
Clinton: Between Two Ferns With Zach Galifianakis

Recommendations:

★ Song -Don’t Cha, by The Pussycat Dolls

★ Song - Delicate, by Taylor Swift
LESSON 04: RT!
How is the advance in technology connected to opinions?

How can you deal

with “haters”?

HOW TO DEAL WITH UNWANTED OPINIONS/UNSOLICITED ADVICE?

People are constantly giving their opinions on things! With social

media, people found a way to give opinions, suggestions, and advice
without being asked. How can you deal with “haters” and unnecessary
comments?

❏ Take a break from social media

❏ Try to see the comments through a different perspective
❏ Remove them from your profile
❏ Talk to someone you trust
❏ Don’t feed trolls* - don’t post negative comments as payback
❏ If it’s a case of cyberbullying, document it with print screens and
report the comments
.
Since we’re talking about social media, and talked about phones,
texting, and communication in the previous lessons, take a look at
some words related to technology:

1. Device: an object or machine created for a specific purpose

● “What does this device do?” “It prints things.”

2. Innovation: a new idea or method to do something

● The printing press was one of the first innovations.

3. Up-to-date: modern, recent

● I don’t have the most up-to-date cell phone, but it still works.
4. User-friendly: easy, simple to use
● According to my grandpa, facebook is a user-friendly platform.

5. Surf the web: to move from site to site

● I don’t surf the web as much as I used to anymore.
6. Wireless: without wires - uses waves to transmit something
● My wireless network is terrible today.

Wireless
earbuds

MORE VOCABULARY

➔ Meme
● That Spongebob meme cracks me up, man!

➔ Feed
● I prefer to post on my feed to post on my Insta stories.

➔ Influencer
● Big companies get in touch with influencers to help them
promote their products;

➔ Followers
● My favorite influencers have millions of followers!
➔ Trend/Trending
● Those Tik Toks dances are trending right now.

➔ Livestream/Live Streaming
● That youtuber you like is livestreaming!

SOCIAL MEDIA PROS AND CONS

➔ Connects people that are

far away from each other
➔ Cyberbullying
➔ Faster communication
➔ Stalking
➔ Make new friends
➔ Mean comments - haters
➔ Can improve your
➔ Gossiping and rumors
communication
➔ New opportunities

Real examples:

● “Some of them are in this room today and others are joining us
via Livestream.” - CFPB Financial Coaching press conference
● “What's your favorite beauty trend right now? - 73 Questions
With Kim Kardashian West (ft. Kanye West) | Vogue
1) Match the phrasal verbs to the correct sentences:

1. By the way, Jack called you this

morning, can you _____ him
_____?
2. Can you ask to Harry _________ a. pick up
the phone? b. breaking up
3. Sorry, I can’t hear you. You’re c. hung up on
___________. d. call back
4. You sister _______ me _____ e. called up
yesterday when I was at school. f. hang up
5. Before you _______ let tell you
something.
6. He just ___________ me! That
was so rude!

2) Can you remember what do these acronyms mean?

a. TTYL
b. JK
c. CYA
d. K
e. IDK
f. DM
g. NP
h. BRB

3) Try to write a dialogue using those expressions above.

4) Which expression you cannot use to agree with someone or

something?

a. That’s b. I think so c. I think d. I agree

right otherwise with you
5) Which is correct?

a. Luna is maybe too busy today.

b. Maybe Luna is too busy today.

6) Which is correct?

a. Can I possibly visit you next Sunday?

b. Can I visit you possibly next Sunday?

7) Which is incorrect?

a. They certainly are working.

b. They are certainly working.

8) What is your zodiac sign? Do you think that the characteristics of

your sign matches with your personality? why or why not?

9) Complete the sentences using tag questions.

a. Your son is still sleeping, _________?

b. You have classes tomorrow, __________?
c. Let’s dance, ________?
d. She won’t be late, ________?
e. You read the book, _________?
10) Choose the right tag question to complete the sentences:

- She isn’t a good actress, _________?

a. is she
b. she is
c. isn’t she
d. does she

- I was a good student,________?

a. didn’t I
b. aren’t I
c. weren’t I
d. wasn’t I

- He can speak English very well, __________?

a. didn’t he
b. couldn’t he
c. he could
d. can’t he

11) In your opinion, what are the pros and cons about using social
media?

12) Choose one of the topics below and try to write a few paragraphs
exposing your opinion about that. Use the adverbs of probability and
expressions you’ve seen previously.

a. Life was better 20 years ago.

b. People get offended too easily nowadays.
c. What goes around comes around
d. Video games and technology have a bad impact on children’s
life.
1) 6)

a. d. a
b. a.
c. b. 7)
d. e.
e. f. b.
f. c.
8)
2)
Personal answer
a. Talk to you later
b. Just kidding
c. see you 9)
d. ok
e. I don’t know a. isn’t he
f. Direct message b. don’t you
g. No problem c. shall we
h. Be right back d. will she
e. didn’t you
3)
10)
Personal answer
a.
d.
4) d.

c. 11)

Personal answer.
5)
12)
b .
Personal answer.
.6)

a.
.
UNITUNIT 01: PEOPLE
01: PAY SOMEONE A
COMPLIMENT!
LESSON 01: SUP?
Write it down!

What do you What do you want to What have you

know about know about learned about
greetings? greetings? it?

There are many different ways we can use to greet someone. An

appropriate greeting depends on the context, the setting and who
we are talking to. We will take a look at several different greetings and
talk about when they would be appropriate.

THIS IS YOUR TEAM LEADER…

Let’s take a look at some formal ways we can use to greet someone.
During meetings, job interviews, social events and other similar
scenarios it is important to not speak too informally.

★ HOW DO YOU DO?

★ PLEASED TO MEET YOU
★ HELLO, HOW ARE YOU DOING?
HEY, IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME…

Now these greetings are more informal and can be used with friends,
family members and such.

★ HOW’S IT GOING?
★ ALRIGHT! (COMMON IN THE U.K.)
★ LONG TIME NO SEE.

NOT A HUGGER HUH…

Usually when greeting someone we have to also consider the local

cultural when it comes to things like physical touch and body
language. Do you appreciate physical contact when greeting
someone?

BETTER TO KEEP A DISTANCE

Next, we will show some examples of body language gestures that

are common when greeting someone, both including physical
contact and lacking physical contact.
1. HANDSHAKE 2. HUG

3. KISS ON THE CHEEK 4. STANDING NEXT TO EACH

OTHER

5. CLAP HANDS 6. FIST BUMP

7. WAVE 8. NOD
9. AIR KISSES 10. BOW (COMMON IN EAST ASIA)

KEEPING IT SIMPLE

As in other languages, when greeting in English there are also many

slangs and casual expressions we can use, here are some of them:

● Sup? / What’s up?

● Yo!
● Mornin’
● What’s cooking/shaking/cracking?
● You alright?
● Hiya
● G’day
● Howdy?
Real examples:

● “... make sure to make eye contact and introduce yourself to

everyone there with the handshake..” - Common Habits That
Make You Seem Less Confident
● “Sure, oh and also let’s go back to the fist bump" - Coronavirus:
Are we ready?
● “Long time no see. He’s still that shy.” - Elite athlete back from
the brink of depression (In My Mind: Paul Whatuira)
● “Boy howdy!” - Independent Cinema: Crash Course Film History
#12

Recommendations:

★ Movie- The Social Network, available on Netflix

★ Documentary - The Social Dilemma, available on Netflix.
LESSON 01: ICEBREAKERS!

Meeting new people and making friends can be difficult, especially in

a different language. During this part of the lesson, we will take a look
at some tricks and useful tips we can use to make this easier.

LET’S BREAK THE ICE

In general breaking the ice is

difficult, but remember to ask
questions to the person you are
talking to, that takes the pressure
off of you and helps you to get
acquainted.

Not only is it important to ask

questions and get the
conversation rolling, asking
follow up questions is great
way to get engaged in the
conversation.

If you are having trouble

finding subjects to talk about
remember the F.O.R.D. system:
Family, Occupation,
Recreation, Dreams.
Examples

● Do you have any kids?

● How big is your family?
● Do you have any siblings?

● So how is work lately?

● Have you been busy at work?
● What do you do for a living?

● What do you do on your free time?

● Do you have any hobbies?
● What do you do on the weekends?

● Are you traveling next year?

● When do you finish your course?
● Are you moving out soon?
Complimenting people is also a great way of coming across as
personable and charismatic. Try to compliment clothing, accessories,
hair style, things that can be changed according to the person’s
wishes and choices. Complimenting people on their height, weight,
and other similar things may upset someone so be careful!

Examples

● Hey, your shoes are amazing, where did you get them?
● I love the earrings they go well with that jacket!
● Those pants look fabulous on you.

Real examples:

● “They use it to be funny, to break the ice.” - What the F |

Benjamin Bergen | Talks at Google
● “Have the guts to be called abnormal. Take it as a compliment."
- HAVE COURAGE, BE FEARLESS | Motivational Video

Recommendations:

★ Movie - The Wedding Crashers, available on HBO Max.

★ Movie - 50 First Dates, available on HBO Max.
LESSON 02: FAMILY IS FAMILY!
Family is a topic that we have already talked about, we learned how to
call our close relatives and family members and how to describe
them. During this lesson we will explore more options to talk about
families and increase our repertoire when it comes to family
members.

SOME FAMILIES ARE BIG, OTHERS ARE BIGGER

First-degree relatives are

people who share at least ★ Parents
50% of their genes with ★ Siblings
you. This is your close ★ Children
family

★ Grandparents
Second-degree relatives ★ Grandchildren
are further removed. ★ Aunts
These relatives are usually ★ Uncles
close relatives to our ★ Nieces
first-degree relatives. ★ Nephews
★ Half-siblings

Third-degree relatives ★ First cousins

are usually considered ★ Great-grandparents
distant relatives. They are ★ Great-grandchildren
normally distant by one ★ Great-aunts
generation or more. ★ Great-uncles
In English, we use prefixes and suffixes to create new words all the
time and it is not different when talking about families. Typically, your
immediate family members share your blood that is, to say, your
genetics, but families can be formed through other relationships:
marriage is one example of this. Let’s take a look at how we can
describe different types of families and bonds.

BLOOD IS THICKER THAN WATER

Stepfamily
Step families are formed
when a second (or later)
marriage happens.
★ Stepmother / Stepmom
★ Stepfather / Stepdad
★ Stepson
★ Stepbrother / Stepsister

God- prefix
★ Godmother / Godfather
The use of the god- prefix
★ Godson / Goddaughter
indicates that the
★ Godchildren
relationship between
★ Godparents
people is through church.

Half- prefix
People who are related to ★ Half-sister
each other through one ★ Half-brother
parent. Either father or ★ Half-siblings
mother.

Suffix -in-law ★ Sister-in-law

Used to indicate that ★ Brother-in-law
people are related to ★ Mother-in-law
someone through ★ Father-in-law
marriage (legal bond). ★ “In-laws”
Cousins are a more complicated deal to understand, in general you
can think about it like this: you have first, second, and third cousins.
You share grandparents with your first cousins and every step up the
family tree the cousins are more removed. If you share
great-grandparents you are second cousins.

FRIENDS AND FAMILY

TO BE THE SPITTING IMAGE OF SOMEONE

To look similar to someone else:

● Wow, Dave and Andrew are
the spitting image of each
other.

BLOOD IS THICKER THAN WATER

Family bonds are stronger than

other bonds:
● We will never abandon you,
you know blood is thicker
than water.
HOME IS WHERE THE HEART IS

It doesn’t matter where you are

as long as you are with your
family:
● I know I had to move far
away, but now I’m closer to
the people I care. Home is
where the heart is.

Real Examples
● “I was an only child, and so, the report came back.” - Sam Low:
Part Two | Long Story Short with Leslie Wilcox
● “But once a marriage was formalized, there was no getting out of
it.” - When did humans start getting divorced? - Rod Phillips

Recommendations
★ She’s Electric, by Oasis.
★ Home, by Gabrielle Aplin
LESSON 03: WITTY!
During this lesson, we will take a look at how we can describe people,
specifically we will learn more about personality traits.

DESCRIBING THE WORLD

So far it is expected that you have seen many adjectives and can use
some of the most common ones, to start-off the lesson let’s take a
look at some everyday adjectives and some examples:

● Good ● New
● Bad ● Best
● Great ● Beautiful
● Nice ● Difficult

Examples

● Those apples look great! Where did you buy them?

● Taking the test was bad enough during summer, but the
questions had to be so difficult?
● This is a beautiful car. How much is it?
● That was a nice gesture.

DESCRIBING PEOPLE

Now let’s take a look at some adjectives we can use to describe

people and their personalities.
I didn’t know Fred was so grumpy.

Mary is really cheerful and amazing.

I get anxious before a test.

Chris is determined and mature.

Here is a bigger list of adjectives we can use to describe people:

● Amazing ● Cheerful ● Grumpy

● Attractive ● Terrible ● Courageous
● Anxious ● Determined
● Awful ● Gorgeous

HOW ABOUT YOU?

Now let’s think about ourselves and our personalities, would you say
you are an extrovert or an introvert?

Introverted
people/Introverts
Introverted people/Introverts
● Prefer to spend more time alone
● Prefer not to be the center of attention
Introverted ●
people:
Tend to be more reserved and reflective
● Are not super comfortable with public
speaking
● Prefer to spend more time alone
● Prefer not to be the center of attention
● Tend to be more reserved and reflective
● Are not super comfortable with public speaking
Extroverted
people/Extroverts

● Tend to be outgoing and talkative

● Enjoy spending time with other people
● Like working in groups
● Usually like being the center of attention
 You might even be an ambivert!

Ambivert
people/Ambiverts
Introverted people/Introverts
● Have qualities of both introvert and
Introverted people:
extrovert
● Can switch the M.O. a lot depending on
● Prefer to spend moreare
who they time alone time with, or
spending
● Prefer not to be their
even the center of attention
occupation, and social
● Tend to be more reserved
situation they’reand
in reflective
● Are not super comfortable with public speaking

Real Examples:
● “The people who are old and grumpy are people who remember
everything that everybody did wrong to them.” - Voices of
Meltingpot | Mark Gungor
● “As an ambivert who does prefer introversion, I strive to stretch
my balloon in extroverted ways.” - Encontrando sua voz em uma
sociedade extrovertida | Abigail Smith | TEDxStLawrenceU
● “I have to be mature enough to look after my two sisters and be
able to help my mum.” - Carol concert to support housing and
homelessness charity Shelter

Recommendations:
★ Movie - Inside Out, available on Disney +
★ Movie - Enchanted, available on Disney +
★ TV Show - Modern Family, available on Star +
LESSON 04:YOU’RE TOO NICE!
During this lesson we will take a look at how people compliment and
insult each other, and give tips on how to include both in your own
repertoire.

COMPLIMENTS

Compliments are a remark or action that expresses approval,

admiration, or respect.

Do you usually compliment people?

How do you feel when you’re the one who’s complimented?
Why is complimenting so important:

● It makes us feel good (when giving and receiving).

● It’s important to show appreciation.
● It makes us feel valued.
● It helps improve existing relationships and also build new ones.
● It helps us see the good things in people and things around us.

When was the last time your complimented someone?

HOW TO COMPLIMENT PEOPLE:

Personality, the person as an individual:

● You’re like a breath of fresh air.

● You’re so thoughtful/brave/strong/one of a kind.
● I like your style.
● You have the best ideas, they’re refreshing.
● I’m so proud of you.
● You’re a great example/role model.
● I’m lucky to have you in my life.

Appearance:

● That dress really suits you. It matches your eyes.

● That color is perfect on you.
● You smell really good / amazing.
● Has anyone ever told you that your voice is soft and kind?
● Your eyes are breathtaking.
● I’m blown away!
Examples:

● Your haircut looks amazing!

● The speech you gave last week was so moving and inspiring.
● Thank you so much for helping me. You’re a really good friend.
● I can’t tell you how great it is talking to you! You always make me
feel better.
● I appreciate you.

WORDS TO REFLECT…

❏ low/high self esteem - I have incredibly low/high self esteem.

❏ praise - I can’t praise you enough, you always do such an
outstanding job.
❏ bragging/to brag - I don’t mean to brag, but my daughter was
the best on the stage tonight.
❏ exchange compliments - Exchanging compliments is essential
for a relationship to work in my opinion.

IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS

➔ Compliments of the house: given (for free) by the restaurant.

● “Sorry, but I didn’t order this dessert” “Compliments of the
house, Mrs.!”
➔ Pay (someone) a compliment: to give a piece of praise; to
compliment someone.
● She’s not very good at noticing when people are paying me
compliments. She’s super shy.

➔ Return someone’s compliment: to compliment someone after

they paid you a compliment first.
● I don’t know why, but I always feel the need to return people’s
compliments.

HOW TO RECEIVE/ACCEPT A COMPLIMENT

Saying Thank You

● Thanks, you just made my day/it makes my day to hear you say
that.
● Thank you, I really appreciate it.
● Thank you so much, I’m glad/happy you feel that way.
● Thank you for noticing!
● Thanks, that’s nice of you to say.

Returning the compliment

● Look who’s talking!
● Thank you! You too.
● Right back at you (“ya”)!
WHEN SOMEONE INSULTS YOU

1. Ignore it! Ignoring it can be a great way out. It doesn’t mean

you’re silencing yourself and not standing up for yourself, but if
you prefer to avoid arguments, this can be effective.
2. Say thank you. Some people really don’t get annoyed or bother
by backhanded compliments given out of ignorance, so maybe
saying thank you is a good tactic. x
3. Address the insult. If the insult comes from someone we like or
love, it can be pretty hurtful, so saying something is the best
option.
● That was hurtful.
● I didn’t like you said about…

Recommendations:
★ Movie - Just Go With It, available on Netflix
1) Complete the following greetings using the words from the box:

Hugger Long Going Been Pleased

a. _______ to meet you.

b. It has _______ a long time.
c. Sorry, I’m not a _______.
d. How’s it _______?
e. _______ time no see.

2) Complete the sentences with the greeting method from the box
that fits the occasion

Clap Hug Handshake Fist Bump

Kiss on the cheek

a. Anna gave me a _____________ after the party.

b. Because of social distancing I prefer giving a _____________.
c. I only _____________ my family and closest friends.
d. A firm _____________ is important for first impressions.
e. I always _____________ after a good movie.

3) When breaking the ice it is a good idea to use the F.O.R.D. system.
Do you remember what the letters stand for?

a. Friend, Origin, River and Dynamic

b. Furniture, Oranges, Rabbits and Dice
c. Family, Occupation, Recreation and Dreams
d. Friend, Origin, Recreation and Dynamic
4) Choose the option that contains the correct definition for what
breaking the ice means::

a. It means to get small pieces of ice for a drink.

b. It means to say goodbye to someone awkwardly
c. It means to make a new friend
d. It means to have a first interaction with someone new

5) Mark down the expressions as I (Informal) or F (Formal):

a. Come on in, please

b. Come in
c. Come on in
d. Welcome
e. Come over

6) Match the columns considering what best describes the affixes

used when talking about family members:

a. Step
1. Second marriage
b. Half 2. Religious connection
c. In-law 3. Related through one parent
d. God 4. Related through marriage
7) Match the adjectives on the box to the photos and the people in it:

Cheerful Anxious Grumpy Bored Courageous

Vic is a really _________ They are _______ because

child. Look at that! they are studying.

The deadline made This is his first field

him ___________. trip. He is so _________.

Mark is always so ________ he

is difficult to please.
8) Mark the boxes with an “I” (Introvert) or an “E” (Extrovert) according
to the characteristics listed below:

a. Proactive communication
b. Shy and reserved
c. Loves attracting attention
d. Gets tired easily when in social situations
e. Enjoys being a leader and working in groups

9) Describe yourself in a few sentences and then determine if you are

an extrovert or an introvert or an ambivert and explain why.

10) Mark the option that best describes what it means to compliment
someone:

a. To say something critical about someone.

b. To talk behind someone’s back.
c. To do a favor to someone.
d. To say something nice about someone.
e. To ask someone for a favor.

11) When was the last time you were complimented? Write down the
compliments you received then think about the last time you
complimented someone and write those down as well.
 7)
1)
Vic is a really courageous child
a. Pleased They are bored
b. been The deadline made him anxious
c. hugger He is so cheerful
d. going Mark is always so grumpy
e. long
8)
2)
a. E
a. A kiss on the cheek b. I
b. Fist bump c. E
c. Hug d. I
d. Handshake e. E
e. Clap
9)
3)
Personal answer
C.
10)
4)
D.
D.
11)
5)
Personal Answer
a. Formal
b. Informal
c. Informal
d. Formal
e. Informal

6)

a -1
b -3
c -4
d-2
14)

a. in
b. on
c. in
d. at
e. at

15)

Personal answer.

Videoaula Unit 2 - Lesson 4:

Where is it? - A place in the sun!

1. The lamp is in the bedroom.

2. The glass of juice is on the table.

3. The clock is on the wall.

4. The woman is at home.

5. The children are at school.