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BUSINESS ENGLISH · BUSINESS ISSUES · UPPER-INTERMEDIATE (B2-C1)

ETHICAL
CHOCOLATE

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1 Warm-up
What do you understand by the term ‘business ethics’? Can you think of any examples of ethical and
unethical behaviour?

1. How can we define business ethics?

2. Why is it important for a business to prioritise ethics in their practices?
3. Can a business be successful while still maintaining ethical standards?
4. What are some common ethical dilemmas that businesses may face?
5. How can a business address and resolve ethical issues within their company?
6. In what ways can a business’s ethical practices positively impact the community and society at
large?

2 Business ethics: vocabulary

Part A: Match the following words to their correct definition.

1. ethical a. buying and selling products, making sure that the original
producer receives a fair price
2. fair trading b. use someone or something unfairly for your own advantage

3. co-operative c. following accepted principles of right and wrong

4. sustainable d. treating everyone the same way

5. equitable e. able to continue for a long time and causing little damage to the
environment
6. exploit f. jointly owned or managed by people who use its facilities or
services

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UPPER-INTERMEDIATE (B2-C1)

ETHICAL CHOCOLATE

Part B: Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from Part A.

1. The company’s commitment to practices is evident in their fair treatment of

employees and their efforts to reduce their environmental impact.

2. By sourcing their materials from local farms, the business is able to support the
local economy and promote sustainability.

3. The company’s approach to business means that they prioritise the well-being of
all stakeholders, including their suppliers and the local community.

4. It is essential to the company to ensure that they do not any individuals or groups
within their supply chain.

5. The business’s decision to purchase their cocoa beans from a plantation in Peru
allows them to support a system that promotes fairness and equity for the growers.

6. The company’s focus on practices has helped them to build trust and credibility
with customers and investors.

3 Find the words

Read the following article on the next page and find:

1. a synonym of ‘exchanged’ (SUBTITLE)

2. a word that describes something that is unusual or special (P1)

3. a word that means the trips that you make every day to go to and from work (P3)

4. a word that describes food that you cannot stop eating (P4)

5. a multi-word adjective that describes a company with 60 employees (P6)

6. a term that means the total value of a company’s sales over a particular period (noun, P6)

7. an idiom that means ‘since the very beginning’ (P8)

8. a word that means the organised activity of obtaining money for charities or political organisations
(P9)

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UPPER-INTERMEDIATE (B2-C1)
ETHICAL CHOCOLATE
The innovative chocolate company with a taste for ethical
trading
Following a trip to South America, Simon and Helen Pattinson swapped their lives as city lawyers to
run a fairly traded chocolate company.
1. Montezuma’s chocolate has been described as a
"stroke of genius" and "a taste of paradise".
tucking into a piece of their dried mango dipped in
white chocolate flavoured with lime and chilli, it’s
difficult to argue with these compliments. In fact,
it’s difficult to do anything but concentrate on the
remarkable flavours exploding in your mouth.
2. "Our aim was to create a chocolate company that
was really innovative, good quality and interestingly
packaged," says founder, Simon Pattinson. "Despite
all the chocolate providers in the UK, I still don’t think
that exists elsewhere. At one end of the spectrum,
you’ve got cheap and cheerful chocolate bars and at
the other end, you have boutique chocolate shops -
we try to sit comfortably in the middle."
3. A decade ago, Pattinson hadn’t a clue about the
chocolate industry. "My wife, Helen, and I were both
city lawyers and were getting increasingly dissatisfied
with the long hours and long commutes. OK, we were
well-paid, but we never had any time, so we decided
to pack everything in and go off travelling for a few
months while we decided what we wanted to do with
our lives. The plan was to explore South America,
have some fun and come back with a notebook of
business ideas."
4. They started to consider chocolate as soon as
they came across a little town in the middle of
the Argentinian lake district where a large German
population ran several chocolate shops. "We got
thinking about why there wasn’t more innovation in
chocolate in the UK," says Pattinson. "When we
reached Venezuela and accidentally ended up staying
on a cocoa plantation, we became fascinated by these
beautiful trees and fruit and how it becomes one of
the world’s most addictive foods."
5. When they returned, the couple spent six months
eating very large amounts of chocolate and
researching every corner of the industry until
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they found a gap in the market. "It helped that
On I’m an amateur and experimental cook," says
Pattinson. Indeed, product development - including
all Montezuma’s unusual flavours, such as their
strawberry and paprika chocolate bar - is his area.
6. In 2000, Montezuma’s started with one little
chocolate machine and one shop, selling 200
products. After seven years, the 60-person-strong
company launched its seventh store and also has
a growing wholesale and mail order business. The
targeted turnover for this year is £4m.
7. All Montezuma’s organic cocoa comes from
cooperative plantations in the Dominican Republic
and Peru. "Besides focusing on sourcing the finest
ingredients, it was always important to us that
growers get a fair price," explains Pattinson. "Both
of these co-ops have a strong social structure that
reinvests in the local society and infrastructure in
a way that makes their cocoa-based agriculture
sustainable, equitable and, indeed, profitable."
8. Right from the word go, the Pattinsons put ethics at
the heart of the business. "It really was a passion of
me and Helen’s that if we could make the business
profitable, then we should make part of the aim of
the business to make life more comfortable for the
societies we come into contact with," he explains.
"In fact, it’s essential to us to deal fairly with all our
suppliers so that we don’t exploit anyone in the entire
chain from grower to consumer.
9. The Pattinsons’ commitment to ethics even extends
to its advertising budget. "We don’t advertise.
Instead, we use the budget that we would do for
advertising to support charitable works - whether
that’s providing Easter eggs for a charity Easter Egg
hunt or getting actively involved with fundraising for
different projects."
Sources: www.montezumas.co.uk, globaldata.com
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ETHICAL CHOCOLATE

4 Reading for gist

Read the article and answer the following questions:

1. How is Montezuma’s chocolate different from other chocolate products?

a. It is cheap and mass-produced

b. It is high-quality and innovative, with unique flavors

c. It is only sold in boutique chocolate shops

d. It is only sold in large chain stores

2. Why did Simon and Helen Pattinson decide to start a chocolate company?

a. They wanted to explore new business opportunities

b. They wanted to create a cheap and mass-produced chocolate product

c. They were fascinated by the chocolate industry during a trip to South America

d. They saw a gap in the market for boutique chocolate shops in the UK

3. What personal ability helped Simon Pattinson to develop flavours for his chocolates?

a. He is an expert chocolatier

b. He is an experienced marketing strategist

c. He is an amateur and experimental cook

d. He is a trained chef

4. In what ways is Montezuma’s an ethical business?

a. It prioritises profit over fairness and sustainability

b. It only sources its cocoa from large, multinational corporations

c. It prioritizes fairness and sustainability, including sourcing its cocoa from cooperative
plantations and reinvesting a portion of its profits into charitable causes
d. It only sells to high-end customers and ignores the needs of its employees and suppliers

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5 Checking understanding

Read the article and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

1. Montezuma’s chocolate company was started by Simon and Helen Pattinson, who were city
lawyers before becoming entrepreneurs.

2. The Pattinsons were inspired to start Montezuma’s after a trip to South America and staying on a
cocoa plantation in Venezuela.

3. Product development, including the creation of unique flavors, is not a key focus for Montezuma’s.

4. Montezuma’s sources its organic cocoa from cooperative plantations in Peru and the Dominican
Republic.

5. The Pattinsons prioritice ethics in their business model by reinvesting a portion of their profits into
charitable causes.

6. Montezuma’s has a small retail presence, with only one shop and limited wholesale and mail order
business.

7. The targeted turnover for Montezuma’s in the current year is £4 million.

8. Montezuma’s uses its advertising budget to support charitable works instead of traditional
advertising efforts.

6 Additional task: language point

Match the following phrasal verbs from the text to their correct meaning.

1. tuck into something a. leave

2. pack something in b. start eating something eagerly

3. come back c. finally be in a particular place or situation

4. go off d. stop doing something (e.g. a regular activity or job)

5. come across something e. return

6. end up (somewhere) f. find something by chance

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UPPER-INTERMEDIATE (B2-C1)

ETHICAL CHOCOLATE

The grammar of phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs consist of a verb (for example go, give, do, make) + a word which is
sometimes called a particle (up, down, under, in, etc.)

If the phrasal verb has an object, the position of the object depends on the type of
phrasal verb (see below) and if the object is a noun or a pronoun (me/you/him/it etc.) It
sometimes goes after the particle and sometimes before.

Phrasal verbs belong to four main types:

Type 1 Type 2

verb + particle (no object) verb + particle + object or verb +

object + particle BUT: verb + object
pronoun + particle

Examples: come back, go off, end up Examples: pack in everything, pack

everything in, pack it in (pack in it)

Phrasal verbs types 3 and 4: verb + object pronoun + particle

Type 3 Type 4

verb + particle + object noun or These are the same as Type 3, but
pronoun they have three words instead of two

Example: come across a little town Examples: run out of money, look
(come a little town across) forward to your holiday, etc.

In pairs, answer the following questions:

1. When did you last come across something you thought you had lost?
2. Have you ever ended up in a difficult situation?
3. When was the last time you had to deal with a difficult situation?
4. When was the last time you tucked into something?

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Study the following phrasal verbs and definitions and complete the sentences below.

• put sth off: to arrange a meeting or event for a later time or date
• look into sth: to examine the facts about a problem or situation
• get on with sb: to like somebody and have a friendly relationship with him/her
• look sth up: to try to find some information in a book, dictionary, encyclopedia, on a
computer, etc.
• drop by: to visit someone
• turn up: to arrive or appear
• do sth up: to renovate or redecorate a room or building
• come along: If something is coming along, it is improving or making progress
• do without sth: to manage without having something
• be in for sth: to be about to experience something unpleasant

1. I’m afraid I can’t make the meeting tomorrow. Can we it to next

week?

2. Do you your new colleagues?

3. I’m going to be at the cafe all afternoon, so if you find some time.

4. He didn’t for the meeting this morning so we had to start without him.

5. The company Internet connection wasn’t working, so we had to email.

6. I’m sorry the goods you ordered haven’t been delivered. I’ll right away.

7. Your English is really . I’ve never heard you speak so well.

8. The office is in a bad state. We really need to it .

9. If you don’t know what the word means, it !

10. The financial crisis is going to hit our economy very soon. It looks like we a tough
year!

7 Talking point
In pairs discuss the following questions.

1. In what ways is your business ‘ethical’?

2. Are ethical issues important in your country? Why/why not?

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TEACHER MATERIALS · UPPER-INTERMEDIATE (B2-C1)

ETHICAL CHOCOLATE

Key

1. Warm-up

10-15 mins.
Ask students to discuss the questions in pairs or small groups. Monitor and provide feedback when required. Use
the additional questions featured below as prompts if needed.
‘Business ethics’ refers to accepted principles of right or wrong in business. Examples of ethical behaviour include
treating employees with respect, conducting business in an honest fashion, etc. Examples of unethical behaviour
include discrimination, bribery, doing personal business on company time, manipulating accounting figures to
appease shareholders, etc.
Sample answers:
How can we define business ethics?
Business ethics is the study of principles and standards that guide behaviour in the business world. It involves
making decisions that consider the company’s responsibilities to stakeholders such as employees, customers,
shareholders, and the environment.
Why is it important for a business to prioritise ethics in their practices?
Prioritising ethics in business practices is important because it can lead to long-term success and sustainability.
Customers and investors may be more likely to trust and support a company that operates with integrity and
transparency. Additionally, acting ethically can help to minimise legal and reputational risks for the business.
Can a business be successful while still maintaining ethical standards?
Yes, it is possible for a business to be successful while still maintaining ethical standards. In fact, research has
shown that companies with strong ethical cultures often outperform those with weak ones. Adhering to ethical
practices can help to build trust and credibility with customers, employees, and other stakeholders, which can
lead to increased loyalty and positive word-of-mouth marketing.
What are some common ethical dilemmas that businesses may face?
Some common ethical dilemmas that businesses may face include issues related to discrimination, mistreatment
of employees, environmental impacts, and conflicts of interest. For example, a company may be faced with the
decision to cut costs by outsourcing jobs to countries with lower labour standards, or a salesperson may be
tempted to engage in dishonest practices to make a sale.
How can a business address and resolve ethical issues within their company?
To address and resolve ethical issues within a company, it is important for the business to have clear values and
principles in place, as well as a system for handling and reporting ethical concerns. This could involve implementing
policies and procedures, providing training and education on ethical practices, and establishing a confidential
reporting system for employees to raise any concerns. It is also important for company leadership to set a good
example and be transparent about how ethical issues are being addressed.
In what ways can a business’s ethical practices positively impact the community and society at large?
A business’s ethical practices can have a positive impact on the community and society at large by promoting
fairness, equality, and sustainability. For example, a company that sources materials locally and treats its employees
fairly can support the local economy and contribute to a more positive work culture. Additionally, businesses that
prioritise environmental sustainability can help to protect natural resources and reduce negative impacts on the
planet.

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TEACHER MATERIALS · UPPER-INTERMEDIATE (B2-C1)

ETHICAL CHOCOLATE

2. Business ethics: vocabulary

5 mins.
Ensure students can correctly pronounce the target vocabulary. Ask them to complete the task by themselves
firstly and then compare answers with a partner.
Part A

1. → c. 2. → a. 3. → f. 4. → e. 5. → d. 6. → b.
5 mins.
Ask students to identify which parts of speech could be used to fill the gaps before completing the exercise. When
they have finished, ask them to discuss the questions in order to practise using the vocabulary. Circulate and help
as needed.
Part B

1. sustainable 2. fair trading 3. ethical 4. exploit 5. co-operative 6. equitable

3. Find the words

5-10 mins.
Ask students to read the article on the next page and find words/phrases similar to the ones below. You may want
to set a time limit.

1. swapped 2. remarkable 3. commutes

4. addictive 5. 60-person-strong 6. turnover
7. right from the word go 8. fundraising
Sources: https://www.montezumas.co.uk/business-done-properly
https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/montezumas-success-case-study/

4. Reading for gist

5 mins.
Ask students to read in more detail and complete the exercise. Ask them to underline where they find the answer.

1. b. 2. c. 3. c. 4. c.

5. Checking understanding

5 mins.
Ask students to skim the article again and decide whether the statements are true or false. Ask them to point
to/underline the fragments on which they’ve based their answers.

1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True

5. True 6. False 7. True 8. True

6. Additional task: language point

5 mins.
Ensure students can correctly pronounce the target vocabulary. Ask them to complete the task by themselves
firstly and then compare answers with a partner.

1. → b. 2. → d. 3. → e. 4. → a. 5. → f. 6. → c.

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TEACHER MATERIALS · UPPER-INTERMEDIATE (B2-C1)

ETHICAL CHOCOLATE

An explanation of the grammar of phrasal verbs is presented in this exercise, which some students may find
confusing. However, understanding the different verb types does have some usefulness - as well as showing their
correct grammatical construction, some phrasal verbs can belong to more than one type with a change in meaning,
e.g. work out (Type 1 - work out in the gym and Type 2 - work out the cost of something).
For a strong, eager class, go through the presentation step by step, illustrating the different types on a whiteboard
or other suitable visual aid. Explain how dictionary presentations of phrasal verbs may indicate their type: Type
2 phrasal verbs are usually presented with the object in the middle position (put sth off, do sth up, etc.). Type 3
verbs are usually presented with the object in its fixed position (come across sth). For practice, have the students
indicate the type of each phrasal verb on Page 4 before completing the sentences.
For weaker or tired classes, the presentation can be omitted. The students can study and practice each phrasal
verb without knowing the type.
Questions: 5-8 mins.
Ask students to discuss the questions in pairs or small groups. Monitor and provide feedback where required.
Phrasal verbs: 8 mins
When the students have finished, ask them to discuss the questions (eg. provide answers to the questions in a
roleplay setting) in order to practise using the vocabulary. Circulate and help as needed.

1. put ≀ off 2. get on with 3. drop by 4. turn up 5. do without

6. look into it 7. coming along 8. do ≀ up 9. look ≀ up 10. are in for

7. Talking point

10-15 mins.
Ask students to discuss the questions in pairs or small groups. Monitor and provide feedback where required. Use
prompts listed below as needed.
Discussion card
Prompts for students
The benefits of ethical business
- Can you give some examples of ethical business practices? - How do ethical practices benefit a company in
the long term? - Can you think of any companies that prioritise ethics in their business model? - How do ethical
practices impact the community and society at large?
The chocolate industry and fair trade
- What ethical issues have there been in the chocolate industry? - How does fair trade certification address these
issues? - Is it important to consider fair trade when buying chocolate? - How can consumers support fair trade in
the chocolate industry?
Montezuma’s chocolate and ethical business
- How does Montezuma’s prioritise ethics in their business? - Can you give some examples of ethical practices
that Montezuma’s implements? - How has Montezuma’s approach to ethics impacted their success? - Should
more companies prioritise ethics in their business practices like Montezuma’s does?
Consumers and ethical business
- How can consumers make informed purchasing decisions that support ethical business? - What can consumers
do to promote ethical practices in the business world? - Do you think consumers have a responsibility to consider
ethics when making purchasing decisions? - How can companies make it easier for consumers to make ethical
purchasing decisions?

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