Salmonella

DR SOMA BOSE
 INTRODUCTION :
• Genus Salmonella
• Named according to its discoverer Salmon & Smith (1885)
• Classification –
• Typhoidal Salmonellae – Restricted to human host . Serotypes
Salmonella Typhi & Salmonella Paratyphi, causes enteric fever
• Nontyphoidal Salmonella or NTS : Remaining serotypes
infects broad range of animals . Causes food borne
gastroenteritis & septicemia
• Genus Salmonella has 2 species S. enterica & S. bongori
 Molecular Classification
• Genus Salmonella

•
• SPECIES : S.enterica S.bongori
• Six subsspecies
• S.enterica subspecies
• enterica
• .. salamae
• arizonae
• diarizonae
• houtonae
• indica
• Will be written as Genus Salmonella species enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi in
short written as Salmonella Typhi
•
 Antigenic structure :
• Somatic antigen (o –antigen)- it is a part of cell wall LPS. Less
immunogenic.
• Flagellar ( H – Antigen) – Made up of flagellar protein ,
confers motility.
• Vi Antigen – Surface polysaccharide envelope or capsular
antigen covering o antigen .
• Vi poorly immunogenic ,not used in Widal Tests
• confers – Carrier detection
• Vaccination
• Phage typing
Kauffmann White Classification
Other highly selective media XLD , DCA
 BIOCHEMICALS
• INDOLE : NEGATIVE
• UREASE : NEGATIVE
• CITRATE:+/-
• TSI : K/A with H2s – S.typhi / ParatyphiB
• K/A without H2S- Paratyphi A
• S.typhi anaerogenict
 Lab Diagnosis:
• BLOOD CULTURE :
• Conventional BHI broth or biphasic medium
• Automated BactT Alert
• 90% chance of positivity in 1st week
• Clot / Bone marrow culture higher isolation rate .
• After Subculture in Mac / Blood agar at 24 hrs
interval serotyping with group D polyvalent
antisera
BLOOD CULTURE BOTTLE < BIPHASIC MEDIUM
 WIDAL TEST :
• Serlogical test for diagnosis of Enteric Fever
• This is an agglutination test against O&H antigen against Salmonella Typhi , &
H antigen of Paratyphi A & B
• Highest positive after10 days & upto 2nd week
• Results :
• O – compact chalky ppt
• H - large ,loose, fluffy woolly clumps
• Interpretation :
• H agglutinin titre more than 200
• O agglutinin titre > 100
• Four fold rise in Ab titre at 1week interval is more meaningful .
•
• .
SLIDE AGGLUTINATION TEST TUBE AGGLUTINATION TEST
 Other culture S
• Stool & urine Culture :
• At 3rd / 4th week
• Urine – centrifuged deposits
• Stool Culture - Wilson Blair Bismuth Sulfite
medium
 PROPHYLAXIS
• Control of reservoirs
• Sanitation measures
• Vaccines –
• Parental Vi polysaccarhide vaccines
• Typhoral (live attenuated S.Ty2 1a vaccine )
• Parental TAB vaccine