INDUS VALLEY

CIVILIZATION
Content:

 Ancient cultures
 Indus valley civilization
 Development of these urban civilizations of the ancient world
Ancient cultures:

 The area of Pakistan was home to some of the oldest civilizations on earth. This
region has been occupied since prehistoric times, dating back to the stone age.
 Stone-age .
 The Mehrgarh culture of the Balochistan.
 Indus valley civilization.
Indus Valley Civilization :
• Cradles of civilization.
• Indus valley or “harappan”
civilization stretched from the
himalayan foothills almost to
the arabian sea
• Including two large cities,
mohenjodaro in sindh and
harappa in punjab.
Development of these urban civilizations of the ancient
world:

 Ruins of the two major cities show that both were well planned .

1. Water supply and drainage systems

2. Sewage facilities
3. Canals for irrigation
4. Public baths
5. Centralized granaries
6. Meeting halls
7. Two-storied shops and houses. The residential areas were separate, and houses
were made of standardized burnt bricks with flat roofs.
8. A written language
9. Centralized administration
10. A highly organized government system
11. Extensive commerce
12. Trade with ancient Egypt
13. They were the first on earth to grow, spin, weave, and dye cotton.
14. Copper, tin, and bronze were used to make knives, axes, and utensils.
15. Merchants used a standard system of weights and measures.
16. Seals were engraved with pictographic inscriptions showing animals and trade
goods.