question number 1

describe in detail the urban culture of indus valley civilization, also explain town planning and other
structure facilities?

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

indus valley civilization also known as harrapan civilization, is the oldest civilization in asia. it flourished
around 2600BC and 1900 BC. it is beleived to be originated around 3000 BC. indus valley civilization
extended from north east afghanistan to pakistan till north west india. the oldest civilization was famous
for its burnt brick hours, town planning, water facilities, and drainage system. during the peak time, it
had reached a population of almost five million

URBAN CIVILIZATION OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

the annexation of harrapa and mohenjo daro of indus valley civilization indicate an advanced urban
culture. the knowledge of town planning is quite extended in the indus civilization. elaborate severage
system and drainage system involving hydraulic engineering was first witnessed in this civilization.
furthermore, municipal systems were develope to emphasize hygene and cleanliness

TOWN PLANNING

the indus valley civilization indicated a central urban planning of the cities. the common and
administrative buildings were placed in the middle of the city. the structure were surrounded by
residential house develop though grid planning. the placement of house in relation to central
admisitrative services indicate a clear social leveling system

STRUCTURES

the buildings and structures in indus valley civilization were made of burnt mud bricks. few house were
larger than other, however, drainage system and water facilities were provided to each building. personal
adornement indicated a clear social leveling system although, the society showed a reletively high low
wealth concentration. the major structure of indus valley civilization include massive citidal walls, brick
platforms, clock yards , warehouses and massive granaries. there was no evidence of palaces, temples,
preists, kings etc. however, some structures indicated them to be granaries. the massive protective walls
indicated that the cities had to be protected against military invasion or flood water

WATER FACILITIES

water was obtained from wells. in houses, saperate rooms were designed for the purpose of bathing and
washing. in most cities, a great well built bath refered to as the great bath was used as a place for public
bath. the stuctures in the indus valley civilization included double storey houses. the toilets in indus
valley civilization used water, which indicated that cities like harappa and mohinjo daro employeed flush
toilets with elaborate and efficient drainage system

DRAINAGE AND SEVERAGE SYTEMS

the oldest civilization of india displayed profound knowledge of efficient and elaborate severage systems.
covered drains were ligned along major street in the indus valley civilization. each building had water
facilities and was connected to the overall drainage system of the city. the indus valley civilization
displayed and afficient and wel developed drainage system.