Software Engineering and

Object Oriented
Programming
1. List down and explain the Steps in Software
Engineering and Object Oriented Programming
1. Classes - A class is a broad description of something. A class's instance is an
object. A class defines all of the properties that an object can have, as well as
the methods that reflect the object's functionality.
2. Objects - Objects refer to all entities involved in the solution design.
Example, persons, banks, companies, and users are all examples of objects.
Every entity has a set of characteristics and a set of methods for manipulating
those attributes.
3. Methods - Each method in a class definition begins with a reference to an
instance object. In addition, the subroutines contained in an object are
referred to as instance methods. Methods are used by programmers to ensure
reusability or to keep functionality encapsulated within a single object at a
time.
• 4. Attributes - Attributes indicate the state of an object and are declared in
the class template. The attributes field of objects will contain data. The class
has its own properties.
• 5. Encapsulation - Encapsulation is also known as information hiding. Data
and processes are all connected to a single unit. Encapsulation not only
encapsulates an object's vital information, but it also blocks access to data
and operations from the outside world.
• 6. Inheritance - This OOD characteristic is known as inheritance. This makes
defining a specific class and creating generic classes from specific classes
more easier.
• 7. Polymorphism - Polymorphism is a feature that allows a single interface
to execute functions for several kinds. The relevant piece of the code is run
depending on how the service is invoked.
 2. List down and explain the advantages of Software
Engineering and Object Oriented Programming
Advantages
1. Heavy demand - Software engineering are rounded out by the high
demand in the IT sector. Many businesses are looking to employ
engineers with experience in software engineering.
2. Flexible Schedule - They have a great deal of schedule flexibility. You
won't have  to worry about meeting deadlines if you have the freedom
to establish your own hours and decide when you want to work or
not.
3. Higher Quality Programs - Based on client's business needs, may
create higher- quality systems, knowledge allows to avoid typical
blunders and get better  overall outcomes.
• 4.Higher Pay - A three-figure income is possible for software
engineers, who often earn more than most other technical fields. It's
simple to see how this area pays off because it allows you to enhance
your income even more by being self-employe.
• 5. Better Job Prospects - If you're an experienced programmer or
designer, you might appreciate the opportunity to shift into a new
field that will allow you to put your abilities to greater use.
Advantages of  Object
Oriented Programming
1. Modularity for easier troubleshooting - Objects are identity and each piece of
functionality works independently of the others. Furthermore, modularity enables
an IT team to operate on numerous items at the same time while reducing the risk of
one individual duplicating the functionality of another.
2. Reuse of code through inheritance - Code-Reuse-By-Inheritance is still seeping
into my code from time to time in the form of minor helper functions.
3. Flexibility through polymorphism - Promotes design flexibility by permitting
alternative implementations of the same technique. In essence, polymorphism may
be used to decouple interface from implementation. It encourages the reuse of code
and the separation of concerns in your program.
4. Effective problem solving - Many individuals avoid studying OOP because the
learning curve appears to be higher than that of top-down programming. Take the
effort to learn OOP, and you'll discover it's the easier, more natural way to construct
large applications.
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%20behavior.