VOCABULARY

Presented to: Mam Rabia Yasmein

Presented by: Fareeha Nadeem
WHAT IS VOCABULARY?
  A sum or stock of words employed by a language.

According Hornby (2006):

 Vocabulary is all the words that a person knows or uses and it is all
the words in a particular language.
MULTIWORD UNITS:
  A multi-word unit is a lexicalized sequence of words that functions
as a single grammatical word. 

 For example:
 All at once, for example, thank you, absolutely fantastic etc.
 WORD FAMILIES:
 A word family is a group of words that may share a common root word with different
prefixes and suffixes in morphology. 

 Examples of word families:

 These words all belong to the same word family:

• Writer

• Written

• Writing

• Writes

• Rewrite
BACKGROUND OF
VOCABULARY TEACHING:
Four strands:

1. Learning from meaning- focused input:

 learning through listening and reading

 98% words already known

 1 new word after every 50 words

2. DELIBERATE LANGUAGE –FOCUSED LEARNING

 Focus to features like sounds, spelling, vocabulary, grammar and

discourse

 Learning vocabulary by memorizing

 25% time should be given to this strand

3. LEARNING FROM MEANING –
FOCUSED OUTPUT:

 Focus on learning through speaking and writing

 Eat medicine or drink medicine or take medicine it depends on

choice of the learner

4. FLUENCY DEVELOPMENT:

 Focus on best use of already known vocabulary

 Involve pressure to perform faster than usual

 Focus on individual skills i.e. speaking, listening, writing and

reading
PRINCIPLES FOR TEACHING
VOCABULARY:
1. Most useful vocabulary first.

2. Most appropriate w a y

3. Attention to the high frequency words

4. L earners taking responsibility for learning

1. M OST USEFUL VOCABULARY FIRST:

Some words used in wide circumstances e.g. help

Some words used in less circumstances e.g. advertise
most frequent first 1000 families of words
75% coverage of newspaper
80% coverage of novels
85% coverage of conversation
University student 20,000 words
SL learner should know 5,000 to 10,000
 2.M ost Appropriate Way:

60% borrowing in first 1000 word families

Guess low frequency from high frequency words

 Word card or dictionary

Flash card for vocabulary learning

3. ATTENTION TO THE HIGH FREQUENCY
WORDS:

 Give attention to all four productive and receptive skills i.e.

 Reading

 Writing

 Speaking

 Listening
4. LEARNERS TAKING RESPONSIBILITY FOR
LEARNING:

 Knowledge of wha t to lea rn options a va ila ble,

 Skill in choosing the best, evaluating the process

 Informing, training or in other words knowledge, skill, a nd

a wa reness
CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES
AND ACTIVITIES:
1. Meaning-focused input activities

2. Deliberate learning activities

3. Meaning-focused output activities

4. Fluency activities
MEANING-FOCUSED INPUT
ACTIVITIES
 Silent reading

 Low density vocabulary development

 Write words on board and explain meanings

 Main focus on high frequency vocabulary

 DELIBERATE LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
 Key word technique

 Cloze

 Prefixes and suffixes

 Spelling explanation

 practice
MEANING-FOCUSED OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
 It combines listening and reading input with written and spoken
output
FLUENCY ACTIVITIES

 Pressure to go faster than usual

 Listening to stories

 Practice speaking

 Limited written practice