OF

R T S
: P A
5 - 6 H
E K S E E C
WE S P
UCIMED
MSc. GREIVIN ALBERTO UMANA SÁNCHEZ
 HOW ARE SENTENCES ANALYZED?
• When a sentence is analyzed, we should follow the following
order:

1. VERB = The action of the sentence.

2. SUBJECT = The performer of the action.
3. DIRECT OBJECT = The receiver of the action. // What + Verb?
4. INDIRECT OBJECT = They receive the action of the Direct Object.
5. ADVERBIALS = They provide extra information.
MY BROTHER BOUGHT A PRESENT FOR HER LAST WEEK.
 NOUNS
• They are the performers of the action of the sentence. They are classified according to
the following criteria:
 COMMON / PROPER
 CONCRETE / ABSTRACT
 REGULAR / IRREGULAR
 COUNTABLE / NON – COUNTABLE (MASS)
 SINGULAR / PLURAL
 COLLECTIVE / NON-COLLECTIVE
 INHERITED / NON-INHERITED
 POSSESSIVE / NON-POSSESSIVE
Cars:
Common / Concrete / Regular / Countable / Plural / Non-Collective / Non-Inherited /
Non-Possessive
IRREGULAR NOUNS
IRREGULAR NOUNS
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
 PRACTICE: CLASSIFY THE NOUNS
1. HOUSE
2. BACTERIUM
3. CACTI
4. MEMORANDA
5. WIVES
6. CARS
7. LOVE
8. SPIDERS
9. THESES
10. PEOPLE
 VERBS
• They are the main action of the sentence. The action is performed
by the subject.

• They are classified into three groups:

1. TRANSITIVE: They contain a Direct Object (D.O.).

2. INTRANSITIVE: They do not have a Direct Object (D.O.).
3. LINKING: They link the subject to a characteristic of the
subject. That characteristic is called: SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
(SC).
 VERBS
They could also be classified into three more groups:

MONOPOLAR: They have only one function.

They go to Mexico. ---- INTRANSITIVE (ONLY)

BIPOLAR: They have two functions.

I eat a lot. ---- INTRANSITIVE
I eat two apples per day. ---- TRANSITIVE

TRIPOLAR: They could have the three functions.

I got a good grade. ---- TRANSITIVE
I got sick. --- LINKING
I got out of work. --- INTRANSITIVE
 VERBS: EXAMPLES
• ROMEO BUYS CAKES. (TRANSITIVE VERB)
• ROMEO LOVES HER. (TRANSITIVE VERB)
• THEY ATE A LOT LAST NIGHT. (INTRANSITIVE VERB)
• SHE DID NOT GO THERE. (INTRANSITIVE VERB)
• THEY LOOK GREAT! (LINKING VERB)
• SHE IS A NICE PERSON. (LINKING VERB)
• SHE IS IN THE LIVING ROOM. (INTRANSITIVE VERB)
• SHE ADORES COOKING. (TRANSITIVE VERB)
• THEY WENT TO MEXICO. (INTRANSITIVE VERB)
 PRACTICE: CLASSIFY THE VERBS
1. LAST NIGHT, THEY DANCED A LOT.
2. SHE GAVE MARY A FLOWER.
3. I GUESS THAT SHE WILL LOOK GREAT ON THAT DRESS.
4. SHE FELT SICK LAST NIGHT.
5. THEY DID NOT STUDY AT ALL.
6. PETER SINGS WELL.
7. THEY CAUGHT THE FLU.
8. MY MOTHER BAKES CAKES.
9. SHE GOT PREGNANT.
10. THEY SAID THAT.
 ADJECTIVES
• They describe nouns or subjects.

• They are classified into three groups:

1. POSSESSIVE:
(MY/YOUR/HIS/HER/ITS/OUR/THEIR/YOUR)
2. DEMONSTRATIVE: (THIS/THESE/THAT/THOSE)
3. DESCRIPTIVE: Any other particle that describes a noun.
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES
 ADVERBS

• They describe adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs.

• They are classified into three groups:

1. VERBAL: She cooks deliciously. (Verbal Adverb)
2. ADJECTIVAL: She is so beautiful. (Adjectival Adverb)
3. ADVERBIAL: She is so really beautiful. (Adverbial Adverb)

BEAUTIFUL = DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE

REALLY = ADJECTIVAL ADVERB
SO = ADVERBIAL ADVERB
 PRACTICE: CLASSIFY THE
ADVERB I
• They studied hardly.
• She cooked pretty well.
• They wrote it carefully.
• Sally loves Peter so much.
• They are really completly crazy.
• They are really strong.
 PRACTICE: CLASSIFY THE
ADVERB II
• She seems extremely sad.
• They did not cook well.
• My mom feels definitely tired.
• My mother is a really intelligent woman.
• My sister sings beautifully.
• She works perfectly well.
 PREPOSITIONS
• We commonly use Prepositions to show a relationship in space or time or a
logical relationship between two or more people, places, or things; actually,
Prepositions are most commonly followed by a Noun Phrase or by a Pronoun.

• PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS: FOR THIS SESSION, YOU

SHOULD CHECK AND REVIEW APPENDIX 2 FROM YOUR
BOOK: FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
PRACTICE: PREPOSITION
COMBINATIONS
PRACTICE: PREPOSITION
COMBINATIONS
 CONJUNCTIONS
• Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together.

• EXAMPLE: I like cooking and eating, but I don’t like washing dishes afterward.

Sophie is clearly exhausted, yet she insists on dancing till dawn.
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
 ARTICLES
• They preceed a noun. They are classified into two groups (Definite and
Indefinite) giving a total of only three articles in English.
ARTICLES
INTERJECTIONS
INTERJECTIONS
 PRONOUNS
• They replace a noun within a sentence.
• They are classified as:
1. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
2. SUBJECT PRONOUNS / PERSONAL PRONOUNS
3. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
4. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
5. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
7. OBJECT PRONOUNS
SUBJECT AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
OBJECT PRONOUNS
 GENERAL PRACTICE
1. Tom went to market to buy books ( __________ ).
2. He went to the market but ( __________ ) did not buy new books.
3. I liked ( __________ ) him ( __________ ) better than he likes me.
4. A smart girl was dancing quickly ( __________ ).
5. She ( __________ ) eats apples in the morning daily.
6. When he was sitting ( __________ ) on the grass, a snake bit him.
7. You ( __________ ) caught him by his arm.
8. A rich ( __________ ) lady bought a beautiful ( __________ ) necklace.
9. Hurrah! ( __________ ) I have passed the examination.
10. The cat is sitting under ( __________ ) the chair.
 GENERAL PRACTICE
1. Alas! ( __________ ) I could not receive you.
2. The body of the cage is made of iron. ( __________ )
3. It is not your ( __________ ) pen; it is hers.
4. There is still some milk in ( __________ ) the jug.
5. Jimmy is performing ( __________ ) his duties diligently.
6. The drawing made by you is almost ( __________ ) perfect.
7. I shall not go unless ( __________ ) you allow.
8. The road is to ( __________ ) go by.
9. The flowers smell sweet. ( __________ )
10. He frequently ( __________ ) goes to the beach.