Contents

 Introduction.
 Peak Oil.
 Reasons of why EOR in Sudan.
 Introduction

 Enhanced oil recovery became one of the most and common

way to increase the oil production rate in all the producing oil &
gas fields in the world.

 There are many reasons behind selecting the tertiary recovery

(Enhanced oil recovery) to be used to increase the recovery
factor in the oilfields.
 Increasing of the knowledge and improving the technology is
one of the main reason to attract and encourage the clients and
investors to implement the EOR.

 In addition to most of the easy oil (green fields) is already

produced as well as the production reached the peak already
more than 10 years ago.
 Peak Oil
 Peak oil is the point in time when the maximum rate of
petroleum extraction is reached after which the rate of
production is expected to enter terminal decline.

 Global production of oil fell from a high point in 2005 at 74

MMSTB/day.

 Peak oil is determined by the observed production rates of

individual oil wells, projected reserves and the combined
production rate of a field of related oil wells.
 Why EOR in Sudan?

In Sudanese oilfields, there are many reasons of thinking or

implementing EOR methods, since there are three main EOR
methods (Thermal, Chemical & Miscible Gas).

1. High amount of oil remaining

reserve:

o Reserve is defined as the

cumulative oil to be recovered
commercially in the future.

o The remaining reserve in

Sudan has high amount which
is attractive reason to do EOR.
2. High of oil remaining in place
(STOIIP):

o STOIIP is defined as the total

amount of oil found in the
reservoir (will not being all
produced).
GRV N/G φ S oi
STOIIP  7758 
Bo

o The remaining oil in place in

Sudan has very high amount
which is attractive reason to
do EOR.
3. High water cut:

o Water cut defined as the

percentage of water rate in
the total liquid produced. It is
measured in %
Water Rate
WC 
Liquid Rate

o The average water cut is very

high in Sudan.

o Chemical EOR can reduces WC

to lower values.
4. Good oil price:

o The objective of EOR is to

maximize the recovery factor
(RF) by increasing oil
production rate which is more
cash and benefits.

o Oil price became one of the

main attractive reasons of
doing EOR.
5. It is the time for tertiary
recovery:

o Oil production is dropping,

primary recovery period is
ended, secondary recovery
can not be implemented due
to high oil viscosity.

o Easy oil has gone already.

6. Low recovery factor:

o After both primary and

secondary periods still RF is
very low.

o Recovery factor is defined as

the total amount of produced
oil divided by the STOIIP.
Cum Oil
RF 
STOIIP
7. Good formation properties:

o Reservoir rock properties in

our fields are very good and
enough for any fluids to be
injected in the reservoir,
porosity and permeability
especially.
8. Good Sand continuity:

o Sand formations are extended

between the wells with good
connections, there for any
fluids to be injected can be
moved from the injector to
the producer.
9. Availability of technology:

o Technologies became
available in the market, easy
to be understood which is
attractive reason to do EOR.