Isomers

and
polymers
 Structural Isomers
1. Pentane and 2-methylbutane are both C5H12.
2. CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH CH3
1-butene 2-butene
CH2
CH3 CH2 CH2
CH2 CH
CH2 C CH3 CH2 CH2
CH3
2-methylpropene cyclobutane
methylcyclopropane
3. C4H10 has 2 isomers (2-methylpropane,
butane). C4H8 has more isomers because
the position of the double affects the name
and because ring structures can be drawn.
 Geometric Isomers
4. cis = same side, trans = opposite sides
5. 1,2-dichloroethene requires cis or trans.
1,2-dichloroethane does not require cis or
trans because they would both represent the
same molecule (to move chlorine from the
same side to opposite sides only requires
that the C – C single bond be rotated).
6.
cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
 CH3

7. 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane CH3
8. A molecule is relatively inflexible when a
multiple (double or triple) bond is present or
if a ring structure (including benzene) exists.
9. a) not isomers (they don’t have the same
chemical formula: C5H12 vs. C5H10)
b) structural isomers (same as question #1)
c) geometric isomers
d) not isomers (both diagrams represent the
exact same molecule)
 Polymers
11. Monomer: the smallest repeating unit of a
polymer (propene in polypropylene).
Polymer: a long chain molecule made up of
many small identical units (monomers).
Addition polymerization: a reaction in which
unsaturated monomers combine with each
other to form a polymer.
12. Teflon, polypropylene, polyester,
polyethylene (pop bottles, grocery bags),
polystyrene (packing material), Plexiglas,
polyvinyl chloride (vinyl), natural rubber, etc.
 Geometric Isomers
Cl
Cl Cl Cl

cis-1,2-dichlorocyclopentane trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopentane

Cl Cl Cl H
C C C C
H H H Cl
cis-1,2-dichloroethene trans-1,2-dichloroethene
For more lessons, visit
www.chalkbored.com