ELEMENTS OF

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
A STUDY ON CHILD LABOUR LAWS,ITS
IMPLEMENTATION AND CONSEQUENCES
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
teacher Mrs. Sonali Bhattacharya as well as our Principal Mrs.
Loveleen Saigal who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic a study on child labour laws its
implementation and consequences, which also helped me in
doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many new
things. I am really thankful to them. Secondly I would also like to
thank my parents and friends who helped and encourage me in
completing the given project within the limited time frame.
 TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. HISTORY
4. BONDED CHILD LABOR INDIA
5. CAUSES OFCHILD LABOUR
6. CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOR
7. SOLUTIONS TO CHILD LABOR PROBLEMS
8. CHILD LABOR LAWS IN INDIA
9. INITIATIVES AGAINST CHILD LABOUR
10. CONCLUSION
The Term ‘Child Labor Suggests Ild Is Best Defined As Work
That Deprives Children Of Their Childhood, Their Potential,
And Their Dignity, And That Is Harmful To Physical And
Mental Development. It Refers To Work Whose Schedule
Interferes With Their Ability To Attend Regular School Or
Work That Affects In Any Manner Their Ability To Focus
During The War. India’s Census 2001 office Defines Child
Labor As The Participation Of A Childless That Is 17 Years
Of Age In Any Economically Productive Activity With Or
Without Compensation, Wages, Or Profit. Such
Participation Could Be Physical Or Mental Or Both. This
Work Includes Part-time Help Or Unpaid Work On The
Frame, Family Enterprise, Or In Any Other Economic
Activity Such As Cultivation And Milk Production For Sale Or
Domestic Consumption.
 HISTORY
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
During the ‘Industrial Revolution’, children, as young as four, were employed in production

factories with dangerous and often fatal working conditions. The use of children as laborers is

now considered by wealthy countries a human rights violation, and is outlawed with some

poorer countries may allow ore rate child labor

HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES
The Homebased manufacturing across the United States and Europe employed children in tedious

work poverty and misery were common factors responsible for the situation.

21st CENTURY
Child Labor is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labor vary of ranges

from250 from 304 million if children aged 5-227 involved in any economic activity are counted

and light occasional work is excluded IL estimated three were 153 million child laborers aged 5-

14 worldwide in 2008
BONDED CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA
Bonded child labor is a system of forced, labor under which the child or child’s parents agree,

oral or written, with a creditor. The child performs work as in-kind repayment of credit. In

in1977, India passed legislation that prohibits solicitation or use of bonded labor by anyone or

anyone including children.

Evidence of continuing bonded child labor continues. According to a TLO report, the extent of

bonded Child labor is difficult to determine, but estimates from various social activist groups

range up to 3,50,000 in 2001.

Areas where child labor is exercised

Diamond industry

Fireworks manufacture silk manufacture carpet weaving domestic labor

Mining
 CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR
Child labor is caused by eleven factors. Some of them include

POVERTY
Children who come from poor families may be forced to work to support their siblings and parents or supplement the

household income when expenses are more than the parent’s earnings. It is a huge problem, especially in developing

countries where parents are unable to generate income due to the lack of employment opportunities or education children

can be found employed in mines or hawking in the streets to earn money.

LOW ASPIRATION
Low aspiration by parents and children is a major cause of child labor because in such a situation, being employed in a local

factory or selling groceries in the streets is the normal way of life.to these types of children and parents, success only

belongs to a certain region or group of people. They do not aspire to become professionals in society or great

entrepreneurs. It is a mindset that forms the very foundation of child labor.

 HUGE DEMAND FOR UNSKILLED LABOUR
Children are mostly unskilled and provide a cheap source of labor, making them an attractive option for many greedy

employers. Child labor increases the margin of profits for such entrepreneurs whose only objective is profit maximization

even if it comes at the expense of ethics and good business practices. These types of employers can also force children to

work under unfavorable conditions through manipulations

ILLITERACY
A society with many educated people understands the importance of going to school and pursuing dreams. Children have

the ability and time to become whatever they aspire to be. illiteracy, on the other hand, makes it difficult for many people

to understand the importance of education. Illiterate people view education as a preserve of the privilege in the society

EARLY MARRIAGES
Marrying at an early age is a major contributing factor to overpopulation. young parents can have a lot of children

because they remain fertile for a long time. Having many children with little or no resources to support them leads to child

labor. older children are forced to work to help their parents support the family
HIGH COST OF EDUCATION

Quality education is expensive . For too many parents who live in abject poverty, priority is given to

providing food for the family because education is too expensive to afford especially when there are many

children to pay school fees for. Instead of letting children stay at home because there is a lack of many to

send them to school, parents opt to have them work as unskilled laborers to help support the family.

OVERPOPULATION

There are limited resources and more mouths to feed. Children are employed in various forms of work. As the

population is increasing, people are finding it difficult to search for jobs. So, the people on or below the

poverty line find it difficult to have suitable jo that is why they encourage their children to work.

URBANISATION

MNCs and export industries in the developing world employ child workers, particularly in garment industries

because it helps in reducing the cost of products which leads to more demand.
 ORPHANS
Children born out of wedlock, children with no parents, and relatives often do not find anyone to support

them. Thus they are forced to work for survival.

WILLINGNESS TO EXPLOIT CHILDREN

Even if a family is very poor, the incidence of child labor will be very low unless people are willing to exploit

these children. Employees often justify the use of children by claiming that a child’s small hands are vital for

the production of certain products such as hand-knotted carpets and delegated glass-war, although evidence

for this is limited.

UNEMPLOYMENT OF HOLDERS
Elders often find it difficult to get jobs. These industrialists and factory owners find it perfect to employ

children. this is so because they can pay less and extract more work. They will not create any union problems

also because they are not able to form unions at an early age.
CONSQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR
Child labor has several negative impacts. Some of them include

LOSS OF QUALITY CHILDHOOD

Human beings need to enjoy every stage of their development. A child should play with friends and make

memories for a lifetime. Youths should explore life and form strong foundations that could define their

adult lives. Child labor, therefore, leads to the loss of quality childhood as children will be deprived of

the opportunity to enjoy the amazing experiences that come with being young.

HEALTH ISSUES
Child labor can also lead to health complications due to under-nourishment and poor working conditions.

It is highly unlikely that people who employ children also have the moral capacity to ensure that they

have good working conditions, working in places such as mines and badly conditioned factories may

result in lifetime health issues for children employed working in these places.
 MENTAL TRAUMA
Issues such as bullying, sexual exploitation, and unfavorable working hours may result in mental

trauma in these children. They will find it hard to forget the because societal misfit because of bad

childhood experiences. Child Labor may also result in a lack of emotional growth and thus

insensitivity.

ILLITERACY
Children that are employed do not have the time to go to school. They spend a lot of time in their

workstations as the days and years go by. the lack of education and illiteracy makes them individuals

with limited opportunities as far as employment is concerned.

GROWTH EFFICIENCY
It is prevalent among working children who end to be shorter and weaker than other children these

deficiencies also impact their adult life.

 HIV/AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
These diseases are widespread, among the one million children forced into prostitution

every year, pregnancy, drug addiction, and mental illness are also common among

prostitutes.

EXHAUSTION AND MALNUTRITION

It is a result of underdeveloped children performing heavy manual labor, working long

hours in unbearable conditions, and not earning enough to feed themselves

adequately.
SOLUTIONS TO CHILD LABOR
PROBLEMS
How can child labor be reduced or Completely Eradicated?

Every child born has the right to have dreams and pursue those dreams. even though the realization of

some of these aspirations may be limited by several challenges, it is still possible to overcome them

and achieve the highest levels of success. There is a need to involve various stakeholders to realize

this objective. These are some of how the problem of child labor can be addressed.

FREE EDUCATION
It is the key to eliminating child labor. Parents that do not have money for school fees can use this as
an opportunity to provide their children with an education.it has already proved to be a success in
many places around the globe and with more effort, the cases of child labor will be greatly reduced.
MORAL POLISHING
Child labor should not be entertained at all .it is legally and morally wrong. Children should not be allowed to provide labor at the

expense of getting an education and enjoying their childhood. Factory owners, shopkeepers, and industries among others should not

employ children. Society should be educated on the negative impacts of child labor so that it becomes an issue that is frowned upon

whenever it occurs. this type of morale polishing would act as a deterrent to people who intend to employ children and use them as a

source of cheap labor.

CREATE DEMAND FOR SKILLED AND TRAINED WORKERS

Due to this, child labor cases will reduce since almost all child laborers fall under the unskilled worker category.it will lead to adult

employment as the demand for skilled labor rises establishing skill-based learning centers, vocational training centers, and technical

training institutes improves literacy and contributes to the availability of skilled and trained workers in the job market.

AWARENESS
Parents should be made aware that sending their children to work has legal ramifications and the law would take its cause if they

are found to be aiding and abetting this vice.it is the ignorance among many parents and members of society that makes them

participate in child labor practices. Conducting a campaign to create awareness about its harmful effects would eliminate the practice.
 EMPOWERMENT OF THE POOR PEOPLE
Empowering poor people through knowledge and income-generating
projects would go a long way in reducing cases of child labor
education for parents is also a must to ensure that the rights of
children are not used as a source of labor.
 CHILD LABOR LAWS IN INDIA
The constitution of India in the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of state policy prohibits child labor

below the age of 14 years in any factory or mine or engagement in any other hazardous employment. the constitution

also envisioned that India shall be 1960, provide infrastructure and resources for free and compulsory education to all

children of the age 6-14 years. India has a federal form of government so child labor is a matter on which both the

central government and state governments can legislate. The major national legislative developments include the

following

THE FACTORIES ACT OF 1948

The act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory. The act also provided rules on

who, when, and how long pre-adults aged 15-18 years can be employed in any factory.
THE MINES ACT OF 1952
It prohibits the employment of children below 18 years of age in a mine
THE CHILD LABOURACT OF 1986
This law prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations as

identified by the law. This list was expanded in 2006 and again in 2008

THE JUVENILE JUSTICE OF CHILDREN ACT OF 2000

This law made it a crime punishable with a prison term, for anyone to procure or employ a child in any

hazardous employment or a bondage

THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT OF 2009

This law mandates free and compulsory education for all children aged 6-14 years. This legislation also

mandated that 25% of seats in every private school must be allocated for children from disadvantaged

groups and physically challenged children.

 INITIATIVES AGAINST CHILD
LABOR
India has all along followed a proactive policy on the matter of tackling the
problem of child labor India has always stood for constitutional and statutory
development measures required for eliminating child labor. the Indian constitution
has consciously incorporated provisions to secure compulsory universal
elementary education as well as labor protection for child labor commissions in
India have gone into problems of child labor. The constitution of India also
provides certain rights to children and prohibits child labor.
In 1979, the Indian government formed the Gurupadswamy Committee to find out
about child labor and the means to tackle it
The Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act was enacted based on the
recommendations of the committee in 1986.
A national policy on child labor was formulated in 1987 to focus on the reliability of children

working in hazardous occupations

The ministry of labor and Employment had implemented around 100 industry-specific national

Child Labor Projects to rehabilitate child workers since 1988.

The child labor prohibition and Regulation Act is a piece of legislation that prohibits the

engagement of children in certain employment and regulates the conditions of work for children.

the national policy in child labor seeks to adopt a sequential approach with a focus on the

rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations and processes in the first instance.

The ministry of labor and employment functions to provide and supervise a range of policies

concerning child labor in India.

NGOs such as Care India, Child Rights, and You, Global march against child labor have been

implemented to combat child labor through education and accessibility to resources.

 CONCLUSION
Child labor is not just an affront to the rights of a child but also a symbol of a society that has lost its way. We should therefore all strive to ensure that

the fundamental rights of children are protected and that they are accorded the opportunity to go after their dreams and aspirations. The future is much

bright with the younger generation having a good foundation for success. The state of Education in India also needs to be improved. High literacy and

dropout rates are reflective of the inadequacy of the educational system. Poverty plays a role in the ineffectiveness of the educational system. Dropout

rates are high because children are forced to work to support their families. The attitudes of the people also contribute to the lack of environment parents

feel that work develops skills that can be used to earn an income, while education does not help in this matter. Compulsory education may be helpful

regarding these attitudes. The examples of Sri Lanka and Kerala show that compulsory education has worked in these areas. There are differences

between Sri Lanka, Kerala, and the rest of India. Child labor cannot be eliminated by focusing on one determinant, for example; Education, or by the

brutal enforcement of child labour law. the government of India must ensure that the needs of the poor are filled before attacking child labor. If poverty is

addressed, the need for child labour will automatically diminish. No matter how hard India tries, child labour always will exist until the need for it is

removed. The development of India as a nation is being hampered by Child labour. Children are growing up illiterate because they have been working and

not attending school. A cycle of poverty is formed and the need for child labour is reborn after every generation. India's need to address the situation by

tackling the underlying causes of child labour through governmental policies and the enforcement of these policies. Only then will India succeed In the

fight against child Labour. The innocence of a child should never be taken away to make the lives of adults easier.it is both unfair and morally

unacceptable.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
htt ps://stopchildlabour.org

htt ps : / / w w w.un .org /en /o bs er va nces /wo rl d-d a y -a g a i n s t -c h i l d -

l a b o u r / b a c k g r o u n d htt ps://www.eclt.org /en/news/child-

l a b o u r-c a u s e s

htt ps://ruralindiaonline.org /en/library/resource/the-c h i l d -

l a b o u r-p ro h i b i ti o n -a n d - r e g u l a ti o n - a c t-1986/

htt p s : / / w w w.b u s i n e s s -s t a n d a r d . c o m /a r ti c l e /g o v e r n m e n t-

p r e s s -release/

https://hscprojects.com/project-on-child-labour-business-studies-class-12/
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