GASTROINTESTINA

L TRACT
INFECTIONS
Learning Outcomes

01 02 03
Identify the Describe the Explain the
causative agents pathogenesis of prevention and
that caused the the GIT diseases treatment for GIT
GIT diseases diseases
The Human Digestive System

Figure 25.1
Organs of Gastrointestinal Tract

Upper gastrointestinal tract: This

tract consists of the esophagus,
stomach, and duodenum.

Lower gastrointestinal tract: This

tract includes most of the small
intestine and all of the large intestine.
 Normal Microbiota
Millions of bacteria per ml of
saliva

Large numbers in large intestine

100 billion bacteria per gram of

feces
Diseases of Lower Digestive System

Infection: Growth of a pathogen

• Incubation is from 12 hours to 2 weeks
• Fever

Intoxication: Ingestion of toxin

• Symptoms appear 1 to 48 hours after
ingestion
Bacterial Diseases of the Digestive System

• is characterized by inflammation of the

Bacterial gastrointestinal tract that involves both the
Gastroenteritis stomach and the small intestine.

• Staphylococcal toxins are a common cause of

Staphylococcal food poisoning, as they can be produced in
Food Poisoning improperly-stored food.

• Salmonellosis is an infection by the Salmonella

Salmonellosis bacteria that results in diarrhea, fever,
vomiting, and abdominal cramps.

• Typhoid fever is a common, worldwide

Typhoid Fever bacterial disease transmitted by Salmonella
typhi, serotype Typhi.
Cholera

• Cholera is an infection in the small intestine caused by the

bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

Pathogenic Escherichia coli

• Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes are

pathogenic and can cause serious food poisoning in
humans and other species.

Campylobacter

• Campylobacter (meaning ‘twisted bacteria’) is a genus of

bacteria that are Gram-negative, spiral, and
microaerophilic.
 • is an erosion in the wall of the
stomach, duodenum, or
Peptic Ulcer esophagus.
Disease • are associated with Helicobacter
pylori,

• Listeriosis is a bacterial infection

caused by a Gram-positive, motile
Listeriosis bacterium called Listeria
monocytogenes.

Shigellosis • an infectious disease caused by a

group of bacteria called Shigella
Mumps

• is a contagious disease that is

spread from person to person
through contact with respiratory
secretions, Viral
Hepatitis Diseases
• is the inflammation of the liver. of the
Digestive
Viral Gastroenteritis
System
• Rotaviruses typically causes
gastroenteritis in children.
• Noroviruses, which cause most
adult cases of gastroenteritis
Helminthic Diseases of the
Digestive System.

Nematodes (round
Tapeworms Hydatid Disease
worms)
• Taenia solium, • commonly infect • referred to as
the pork humans include cystic
tapeworm, Ascaris and echinococcosis
• Taenia saginata, Enterobious.
the beef
tapeworm,
• Diphyllobothriu
m spp, the fish
tapeworm,
Hydatid Disease
Tapeworm
Ascariasis