Professional Documents
Culture Documents
David Chong
Julia Cochran
Brandon Crostick
Nick Niland
What makes a human?
Human metabolic features- combo of human and
microbial traits
Microbiota- microrganisms that live inside and on
humans
Microbiome- the genomes of the microbial symbionts
Goals of HMP
To break down artificial barriers between medical
microbiology and environmental microbiology
Ultimately to associates differences in communities
with differences in metabolic function and/or disease
Possible questions that may be
answered by the HMP
How stable and resilient is an individual’s microbiota
throughout one day and during his/her lifespan?
How similar are microbiomes between members of a
family, community or across communities in different
environments?
Do all humans have an identifiable “core” microbiome and
how is it acquired and transmitted?
What affects the genetic diversity of the microbiome and
how does this diversity affect adaptation by the
microrganism and the host to markedly different lifestyles
and to various physiological or pathophysiological states?
Considerations
Sampling:
temporal (over course of time) scales
Biogeography: spatial scales
micrometer
centimeter
meter
Homology-based sequencing:
Accurate and provides additional advantage of placing each
sequence in the context of multiple alignment and a
phylogenetic tree
1541 bases
Found in
bacteria and
archeae
One prominent
methanogenicarchaeon.
Methanobrevibactersmithii
Relman, D. 2009
Sequencing the microbiome
Took Venter’s whole-genome shotgun sequencing
approach in studying the mixed microbial
communities.
The abundance of a species is represented by the
random shotgun sequence coverage of that species.
Compared shotgun rRNA sequences with PCR of
rRNA sequences and analyzed metabolic pathways
with known clusters of orthologous groups.
Experimental Procedures
Overview of Procedures:
Shotgun Sequence Stool Samples
Taxonomic Assignment using Shotgun Data ORF’s
Taxonomic Assignment Via Shotgun Data rRNA
•One vegetarian,
•One meat eater
•Travel to Brazil, France
•Stayed home
•No antibiotics
•No medical problems
Some bacteria use the MEP pathway instead of the mevanolate pathway
for IPP biosynthesis