The Technology Integration

Planning Model (TIP)

Kristina Couch
Fall 2007
MEDT 3401
 Overview of TIP Model
• The TIP model gives teachers a general approach to addressing challenges
involved in integrating technology into teaching.
• The TIP model serves as a helpful guide on procedures and to address issues
for new teachers and those just beginning to integrate technology into their
classroom.
• The TIP has five phases. Determining relative advantage, Decide on
objectives and assessments, Design integration strategies, Prepare the
instructional environment, and Evaluate and revise integration strategies
 Phase I:
Determine relative advantage

• Focus Question: Why should I use a technology-based method?

• Teachers look at their current teaching problems and identify technology-
based methods that may offer good solutions.
• Technology–based strategies offer new resources for teachers.
 Questions to ask while determining
the relative advantage
• When deciding to use technology-based strategies teachers should ask
themselves two questions:
• 1. What is the problem I am addressing?
Do not focus on technologies, it is only part of the solution.
Look for evidence that there really is a problem.
• 2. Do technology-based methods offer a solution with sufficient relative
advantage?
Estimate the impact that others have gained while using
technology-based instruction
Consider the required effort and expense it will take and is it
worth it?
 Phase II:
Decide on objectives and assessments
• Focus Question: How will I know students have learned?
• Teachers decide skills they want students to learn from the technology-
integrated lessons and design ways to assess how well students have learned.
• Writing objectives is a good way of setting clear expectations for what
technology-based methods will accomplish.
• Outcomes on assessments by using technology-based instruction: higher
achievement outcome, cooperative work outcome, positive attitude outcome,
and improved motivation.
 Questions to ask while deciding
on assessments
• Teachers should ask themselves these two questions when thinking about
outcomes and assessment strategies:
• What outcomes do I expect from using the new methods?
Focus on results, not processes.
Make statements observable and measurable
• What are the best ways of assessing these outcomes?
Use written tests to assess skill achievement outcomes
Use evaluation criteria checklists to assess complex tasks or
products
Use rubrics to assess complex tasks or products
Use Likert scale-type surveys or semantic differentials to assess attitude
outcomes
 Phase III:
Design integration strategies
• Focus Question: What teaching strategies and activities will work best?
• When teachers create an instructional design for technology integration, they
consider the characteristics of their topic and the needs of their students.
• Teachers usually design integration strategies at the same time as preparing
the instructional environment because of the availability of resources.
 Questions to ask while designing
integration strategies
• Teachers should ask themselves these questions while designing their
strategies:
• What kinds of instructional methods are needed in light of content objectives
and student characteristics?
Content approach
Grouping approach
• How can technology best support these methods?
• How can I prepare students adequately to use technologies?
 Phase IV:
Prepare the instructional environment
• Focus Question: Are essential conditions in place to support technology
integration?
• Teachers can integrate technology successfully only if they have adequate
hardware, software, and technical support available to them.
• Teachers usually decide what they are going to teach based on the resources
they have available to them.
• Teachers make sure their instructional environment meets all of the following
essential conditions: adequate hardware, software, and media, time to use
resources, special needs of students, planning for technology use
Questions to ask while preparing the
instructional environment
• Teachers should ask themselves these questions:
• What equipment, software, media, and materials will I need to carry out the
instructional strategies?
Computers
Copies of software
Access to peripherals
Handouts and other materials
• How should resources be arranged to support instruction and learning?
Access by students with disabilities
Privacy and safety issues
 Phase V:
Evaluate and Revise Integration Strategies
• Focus Question: What worked well? What could be improved?
• Teachers review outcome data and information on technology-integrated
methods and determine what needs to be changed.
 Questions to ask while
evaluating strategies
• While reflecting on these technology-based strategies, teachers should ask
themselves these questions:
• How well has the technology integration strategy worked?
Achievement Data
Attitude Data
Student’s Comments
• What could be improved to make it work better?
Scheduling
Technical Skills
Efficiency
TIP Model Diagram
 Resources:
• Roblyer, M.D. Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching 2006.
Pearson Education Inc. Chapter 2 pages 52-62