ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

• Organic compounds which incorporate a
carbonyl functional group, C=O
 USES OF ALDEHYDES
• Formaldehyde is a gas
* 40% solution in water forms Formalin
* Used in embalming, tanning, germicides
and insecticides and fungicides.
• Acetaldehyde is largely used for the production
of acetic acid and pyridine derivatives
• Benzaldehyde is used in perfumes, cosmetic
products, and dyes.
 USES OF KETONES
 Acetone – smallest ketone
* used as a nail paint remover and paint thinner.
* is used in chemical peeling and for acne
treatments.
 Butanone
* used in the production of textiles, varnishes,
plastics, paint remover, paraffin wax
 Cyclohexanone
* used in the production of nylon.
 NAMING OF ALDEHYDES
1. Aldehydes take their name from their parent alkane
chains. The –e is removed from the end and is replaced
with –al.

Example:

2. The aldehyde functional group is given the #1 numbering

location and this number is not included in the name.

Example:
 NAMING OF ALDEHYDES
3. When the -CHO functional group is attached
to a ring the suffix -carbaldehyde is added, and
the carbon attached to that group is C1.
 DRILL
• Name the following aldehydes

1.)

ANSWER: Propanaldehyde
 2.) 3.)

ANSWERS:

2.) 2-methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde

3.) 2-bromooctanal
 NAMING OF KETONES
1. Ketones take their name from their parent alkane chains. The
ending -e is removed and replaced with -one.

2. For diketones both carbonyls require a location number. The ending -dione or -dial is

added to the end of the parent chain.
 NAMING OF KETONES
3. In cyclic ketones the carbonyl group is
assigned location position #1, and this number is
not included in the name, unless more than one
carbonyl group is present.  Remember the
prefix cyclo.
 NAMING OF KETONES
4. With cycloalkanes which contain two ketones
both carbonyls need to be given a location
numbers. Also, an –e is not removed from the
end, but the suffix –dione is added.
 DRILL

ANSWER:
2-heptanone
 DRILL

ANSWER: BUTANEDIAL or butanedione

 DRILL

ANSWER: cyclohexanone