Professional Documents
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Puguh Karyanto
Animal Behavior
Examples of stimuli?
Sight
Touch
Smell
Taste
Sound
Vocabulary- other stimuli
Heat
Light
Chemicals
Humidity
Vibration
Color
Gravity
Pressure
★Presence of another animal
Others?
Stimuli
External Stimulus =
something
outside the animal
e.g. sound, sight, smell, etc,
presence of another animal
Stimuli
Internal Stimulus =
1. Foraging = feeding
2. Parental Care =
ensuring survival of young
e.g. carrying, nursing,
cuddling, holding young
Types of Behavior
4. Reproductive =
e.g. mating, giving birth
Types of Behavior
5. Offensive/Defensive =
aggression, submissive behavior,
defense from aggressors
e.g. hiding, fighting, escape, threatening
Types of Behavior
6. Territorial = protect a resource for
exclusive use
e.g. scenting / marking, birdsong,
protection of mate / offspring,
space, food or water source
Types of Behavior
9. Communication =
signaling between one animal & another
Greeting e.g. sniff, hug, kiss “bite”
Aggression e. g. charge, bite, hit, fight, etc.
Non-aggression e.g. patting, head butting,
stroking
Types of Behavior- Communication
Grooming (bonding,
alliances,
keeping clean)
Group hunt
( e.g. hyenas, lions)
Types of Behavior- Communication
Vocalizations
e.g. bark, growl, snort, howl, hoot,
chirp, whinny, alarm sound,
other language
Types of Behavior- Communication
Non-verbal signaling
e.g. body, head, ear, & / or tail position
showing teeth, smiling, looking away,
looking directly at, gesturing, thumping,
beating chest, raising hackles or hood,
drumming, tail slap, snort, scenting,
pheromones, sign language
Why Communicate?
Elicit play
Types of Behavior
13. Play
Purpose = training for life
(defense, hunting,
etc)
Types of Behavior Development
1. Natural Selection
An animal that successfully completes a
helpful behavior survives to pass on the
behavior to offspring.
Those whose genes fit the
conditions survive.
Types of Behavior Development
2. Innate Behavior
Appear in fully functional form when
first performed
E.g. Startle behavior – purpose =
self-preservation
E.g. web building, suckling, bird
begging, nest building, some bird
song
Types of Behavior Development
3. Learning
development of behaviors
through experience
determines final shape of innate
behaviors
5 types of learning
Types of Learning
2. Habituation
Animal learns to ignore frequent,
harmless stimulus
E.g. scarecrow, habituation to observer
Types of Learning
3 Classical Conditioning
Animal learns to associate unrelated
response with a stimulus
E.g. Pavlov’s experiments
bell ringing, food, salivation
bell ringing, salivation (even if no food is
given)
+ +
Classical Conditioning
4. Operant Conditioning
Animal learns to behave in a certain
way through repeated practice
Trial & error learning – animal tests
conditions for desired response
e.g. Skinner box
Animal learns that a behavior gets a certain
response
e.g. rat presses lever, gets food
Types of Learning
5. Reasoning
Analyze problem & devise solution using
past experiences
Most Dogs?
E.g. No, can’t unwind leash from tree
Most Horses?
No
Can primates reason?
Primates? yes