Introduction To Routing Ipv6: Rick Graziani

Introduction to Routing IPv6
Rick Graziani
Computer Networking Instructor
Cabrillo College
Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada © 2011 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential. 1
IPv6: The Protocol
Review from
Introduction to IPv6
IPv4 Version IHL
Type of
Service
Total Length IPv6 Traffic
Version Flow Label
Class
Fragment
Identification Flags
Offset
Next
Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Payload Length Hop Limit
Header
Source Address
Destination Address
Options Padding
Source Address
Legend
Field’s Name Kept from IPv4 to IPv6

Fields Not Kept in IPv6
Destination Address
Name and Position Changed in IPv6
New Field in IPv6
 Many important differences including:

 Larger Address Space
 Use of Neighbor Discovery Protocol for discovery of prefix, prefix length, default gateway,
duplicate address detection, and MAC address resolution.
 Automatic address configuration without using DHCP (DHCPv6 is still an option)
 No en route fragmentation: only the source node can fragment
 Increased default MTU
IPv6 Address Notation
One Hex digit

= 4 bits
 128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in:

 Eight 16-bit segments
 Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF
 Separated by colons
 Example:
3ffe:1944:0100:000a:0000:00bc:2500:0d0b
Rule 1: Leading 0’s
 Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses.
 The first rule is:
 The leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written.
 Example
3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b
3ffe : 1944 : 100 : a: 0 : bc : 2500 : d0b
Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000
 The second rule can reduce this address even further:
 Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments
consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon.
ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005

ff02 : 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 5
ff02 : : 5
ff02::5
Network Prefixes
 IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified
by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount.
255.255.255.0 or /24
 IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length).

 Prefix length notation:
3ffe:1944:100:a::/64
16 32 48 64 bits
All 0’s IPv6 Address
 All zeroes IPv6 address can be written with a double colon ::

 There are two cases where an all-zeroes address is used.
1. Default address, address is all zeroes and the prefix length is zero:
::/0
2. Unspecified address, which is used in some Neighbor Discovery Protocol
procedures (later).
 An unspecified address is a filler, indicating the absence of a real IPv6
address.
 When writing an unspecified address, it is differentiated from a default
address by its prefix length:
::/128
IPv6 Loopback Address
 Equivalent to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4

 This address is used when a host talks to itself.
 Loopback or Local Host Address

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128
or
::1/128
Interface Identifiers in IPv6 Addresses
 In IPv6, a link is a network medium over which network nodes

communicate using the link layer.
 Interface identifiers (IDs) in IPv6 addresses:
 Used to identify a unique interface on a link
 Thought of as the “host portion” of an IPv6 address.
 64 bits: To support both 48 bit and 64 bit IEEE MAC addresses
 Required to be unique on a link
 Subnets using auto addressing must be /64s.
 There may be an option for DHCP and static subnets.
 Static or Dynamic (next)
Automatic EUI-64
option for Ethernet
Interface ID
Example coming soon!
Determined from Neighbor Discovery Router

Advertisement (autoconfig) or statically (eui-64)
3BA7:94FF:FE07:CBD0
Three types of IPv6 Addresses
 The three types of IPv6 address follow:
 1. Unicast
 Global Unicast
 Globally unique
 Routed globally with no modification
 Link Local Unicast

 Unique Local Address
 2. Multicast
 3. Anycast
 Unlike IPv4, there is no IPv6 broadcast address.

 There is, however, an "all nodes" multicast address, which serves
essentially the same purpose as a broadcast address.
IPv6 Address Types
http://www.ripe.net/lir-services/resource-
management/ipv6/ipv6-address-types
Prefix Designation and Explanation IPv4 Equivalent
2000::/3 Global Unicast No equivalent single block

Other than the exceptions documented
in this table, the operators of networks
using these addresses can be found
using the
Whois servers of the RIRs listed in the

registry at:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/
ipv6-unicast-address-assignments
ff00::/8 Multicast 224.0.0.0/4
These addresses are used to identify
Example: multicast groups.
ff01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
They should only be used as
destination addresses, never as source
addresses.
Prefix Designation and Explanation IPv4 Equivalent
fe80::/10 Link-Local Addresses 169.254.0.0/16

These addresses are used on a single
Example: link or a non-routed common access
fe80::200:5aee:feaa:2 network, such as an Ethernet LAN.
0a2
They do not need to be unique outside
of that link.
Link-local addresses may appear as the

source or destination of an IPv6 packet.
Routers must not forward IPv6 packets

if the source or destination contains a
link-local address.
Link-Local Scope
Multicast
Addresses
Subnetting IPv6
2340:1111:AAAA::/48
 A typical IPv6 site prefix will be /48

 This creates a 16 bit subnet part of the address structure
 Allows for 216, or 65,536, subnets!
 There are no concerns about needing an all 0’s or all 1’s subnet in IPv6!
 64 bit host field allows for 264 hosts per subnet.
 More than 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses per subnet.
 Allows of the automatic IPv6 address assignment features to work well
(later).
Subnetting IPv6 /64
 4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1:

2340:1111:AAAA:0001::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0002::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0003::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0004::/64
 Note: A valid abbreviation is to remove the 3 leading 0’s from the first
shown quartet.
2340:1111:AAAA:1::/64
Preparing an IPv6 Addressing Plan
ripe.net/training/material/IPv6-for-LIRs-Training.../IPv6_addr_plan4.pdf
Routing IPv6
IPv6 Routing Protocols
 Exactly the same as IPv4 routing protocols only different.

 We will only discuss the first three:
 IPv6 Static routes
 OSPFv3 (defined in RFC 5340, OSPF for IPv6)
 EIGRP for IPv6
 RIP next generation (RIPng) (defined in RFC 2080, RIPng for IPv6)
 Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (MP-BGP4 or
MBGP) (defined in RFC 2545, Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol
Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing, and RFC 4760,
Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4)
Interface Configuration
Our Topology
2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64
Fa0/0
Using /64’s on Point-to-

S0/0/0 DCE
Point serial links just for
S0/0/1 simplicity
2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::/ 2340:1111:AAAA:0A02::/6
64 4
2340:1111:AAAA:0B01::/6
DCE
S0/0/0 S0/0/1 4
2340:1111:AAAA:0A03: DCE
:/64 S0/1/0
DCE S0/0/0
S0/0/1
S0/0/0
DCE
S0/0/1
S0/1/1
Fa0/0
2340:1111:AAAA:0B02::/ Fa0/0
Fa0/0
64
2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0103::/64 4444:0000:0000:4001::/64
ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)# ipv6 router rip luigi
% IPv6 routing not enabled
R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)# ipv6 router rip luigi
R1(config-rtr)#
 ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command

 Enables IPv6 routing
 Required before any ipv6 routing protocol can be configured
 Note: We will not be discussing RIPng (RIP for IPv6)
Just to make life easier….
R1(config)# line con 0
R1(config-line)# logging synchronous
R1(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
R1(config-line)# exit
R1(config)# no ip domain-lookup
R1
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/64
clock rate 64000
!
no ip address
R2
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:102::1/64
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
clock rate 64000
R3
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:103::1/64
!
no ip address
clock rate 64000
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::1/64
clock rate 64000
!
no ip address
clock rate 64000
R4
no ip address
ipv6 address 4444:0:0:4001::1/64
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
Verify
R1# show ip inter brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES unset up up
Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
R1#
R1# show ipv6 inter brief

FastEthernet0/0 [up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1
FastEthernet0/1 [administratively down/down]
Serial0/0/0 [up/up]
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/1
Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada [up/up]
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Verify
R1 #ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2
Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R1#
Verify
R1# debug ipv6 packet
IPv6 unicast packet debugging is on
R1# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
R1#
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPv6: SAS picked source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 for
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 (local)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+0, prot 58,
hops 64, originating
ICMPv6
Jun 19 16:19:13.241: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.241: dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
*Jun 19 16:19:13.241: traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+4, prot 58,
hops 64, forward to ulp
R1# un all
Link-local Addresses
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1
Serial0/0/0 [up/up]
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/1 [up/up]
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1
R1#
 Scope is confined to a single link.

 Uniqueness is assured only on one link.
 Not routable off the link
 Device can determine its own link local IPv6 address without needing to communicate with any
other device
 Ethernet link-local address uses MAC-address (EUI-64) for Interface ID
 Considered best practice to statically configure link local address (Interface ID) on serial interfaces
(later).
Link-local Addresses
R1# show inter fa 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is MV96340 Ethernet, address is 001b.0cc2.82d8 (bia 001b.0cc2.82d8)
<output omitted for brevity>
R1# show ipv6 inter fa 0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
No Virtual link-local address(es):
Global unicast address(es):
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, subnet is 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64
48 bit MAC Address: 001b.0cc2.82d8

0 0 1 b . 0 c c 2 . 8 2 d 8
0000 0000 0001 1011 . 0000 1100 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 1000
0000 0000 0001 1011 . 0000 1100 11111111 11111110 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 1000
0000 0010 0001 1011 . 0000 1100 11111111 11111110 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 1000
0 2 1 b . 0 c F F F E c 2 . 8 2 d 8
link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8

Static Link-local
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 ?
link-local Use link-local address

R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 link-local  Unique on the link
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1  Used Router Number
R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 link-local
for simplicity
R1# show ipv6 inter brief  R1: FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1
Serial0/0/0 [up/up]
FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/1 [up/up]
FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1
R1#
Static Link-local






R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
C 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
C 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
C 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0]  Due to the nature of link-local
via ::, Serial0/0/1
addresses, the specific
L 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1 FE80::/10 prefix (link local
L FE80::/10 [0/0] networks) does not appear in
via ::, Null0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
the routing table
via ::, Null0
 L = Local not Link-local
R1#
Serial0/0/0 [up/up]
FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/1 [up/up]
FE80::1
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1
R1# ping fe80::2
Output Interface: ser 0/0/0
% Invalid interface. Use full interface name without spaces (e.g. Serial0/1)
Output Interface: serial 0/0/0
% Invalid interface. Use full interface name without spaces (e.g. Serial0/1)
Output Interface: serial0/0/0
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of FE80::1
!!!!!
R1#
 So it is necessary to specify from which interface packets should be

sourced when you ping a link-local address:
IPv6 Routing Table… first look
R2# show ipv6 route
U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0  Connected routes occur for any
L 2340:1111:AAAA:102::1/128 [0/0] interface IPv6 unicast address
via ::, FastEthernet0/0 that has more than link local
C 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
scope
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2/128 [0/0]  The local routes are all /128
via ::, Serial0/0/0 routes and are essentially host
C 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [0/0] routes for the router’s IPv6 unicast
via ::, Serial0/0/1
address.
L 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1  These local routes allow the router
L FE80::/10 [0/0] to more efficiently process
via ::, Null0 packets directed to the router itself
L FF00::/8 [0/0] rather than for packet directed
via ::, Null0
toward connected subnets.
The IPv6 Neighbor Table NA (Sent in
NS (Request for another node’s Link Layer Address)
response to NS)
2340:1111:AAAA::1/64 2340:1111:AAAA::/64
Link-local: fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1
Global Unicast: 2340:1111:aaaa:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1
IPv6-Router# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1

!!!!!
*Mar 1 00:08:28.779: ICMPv6-ND: Sending NS for
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0
*Mar 1 00:08:28.783: ICMPv6-ND: Received NA for
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0 from
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1
*Mar 1 00:08:28.787: ICMPv6-ND: Neighbor 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on
FastEthernet0/0 : LLA 0021.9bd9.c644
IPv6-Router# un all
IPv6-Router# show ipv6 neighbors

IPv6 Address Age Link-layer Addr State Interface
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 0 0021.9bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/0
FE80::50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 0 0021.9bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/0
2340:1111:AAAA:0:88C1:6A44:D6AF:1438 0 0021.9bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/0
• Used debug ipv6 nd
 Replaces the IPv4 ARP table
 Uses NDP Neighbor Solicitation and©Neighbor
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Static Routes
Static Routes
Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6-address
| interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]}
[administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance |
unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag]
 Types of static routes (same as IPv4)

 A directly attached static route is created using only the interface-type and interface-number
parameters.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 serial 0/0/0
 A recursive static route is created using only the next-hop address parameter.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 2001:12::1
 A fully specified static route includes both the outgoing interface and the next hop address.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2002:c00l::/32 fa 0/0 2001:12::1
 A floating static route

Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32
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Default Static Route
Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6-address
| interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]}
[administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance |
unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag]
 IPv6 default static route, which is equivalent to IPv4 ip route 0.0.0.0

0.0.0.0
Router(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 serial 0/0/0
Static Routes: Example
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0
R1# show ipv6 route

<output omitted>
S 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
C 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::1
R2# show ipv6 route

<output omitted>
S 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0]
via 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R2#
Static Routes: Using Link-local address as the next-hop interface
R2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::1
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 fe80::1

% Interface has to be specified for a link-local nexthop
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1
R2# show ipv6 route

S 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0]
via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R2#
 Remember, due to the nature of link-local addresses, specific link-local

networks do not appear in the routing table because they are considered to
be available via all IPv6 interfaces.
Static Routes: clean-up…
R1(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0
R2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1
 Before we move on to dynamic routing remove all static routes

 Verify that there are no static routes with show ipv6 route
EIGRP for IPv6
EIGRP vs EIGRP for IPv6
EIGRP IPv4 IPv6
Advertises routes for… IPv4 IPv6
Layer 3 protocol for EIGRP messages IPv4 IPv6
Layer 3 header protocol type 88 88
UDP Port N/A N/A
Uses Successor, Feasible Successor yes yes
Uses Dual yes yes
Supports VLSM yes yes
Can perform automatic summarization yes N/A
Uses triggered updates yes yes
Default metric bandwidth and delay yes yes
Multicast Update destination 224.0.0.10 FF02::10
Authentication EIGRP-specific IPv6 AH/ESP
EIGRP for IPv6
 Available in Cisco IOS Release 12.4(6)T and later
 EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 are configured and managed separately
although many of the commands are similar.
 EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on a per-interface basis, no network
command is used.
 EIGRP for IPv6 has a shutdown feature which is the default state.
 EIGRP for IPv6 does not do automatic summarization like EIGRP for
IPv4.
 EIGRP for IPv6 sees the neighbors link-local address as the next-hop
IP address (neighbor table, topology table, routing table).
 EIGRP for IPv6 does not require neighbors to be in the same IPv6
subnet to become neighbors.
EIGRP for IPv6
 EIGRP Router ID decision steps based on IPv4 configuration:
1. Use the configured value (using the eigrp router-id a.b.c.d EIGRP
subcommand under the ipv6 router eigrp command)
2. Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface
3. Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface
Note: In an IPv6 only environment the eigrp router-id command must be used
otherwise the router will not form any EIGRP adjacencies.
 IOS lets you stop and start the EIGRP process with the shutdown and no
shutdown router mode subcommands.
 After initial configuration, the EIGRP for IPv6 process starts in shutdown mode,
 To start the EIGRP process it is required to issue the no shutdown
EIGRP for IPv6: All routers
Configuring R1
R1(config)# inter fa 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100


 EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on the interfaces.

 There are no network commands
Routing Table…
R1# show ipv6 route
<output omitted>
C 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
L 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
C 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
C 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L FE80::/10 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
 There are no EIGRP IPv6 routes in the routing table... yet.

Show ipv6 protocols
R1# show ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Interfaces:
Redistribution:
None
Maximum path: 16
Distance: internal 90 external 170
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors

IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
% EIGRP 100 is in SHUTDOWN
R1#
 There is an EIGRP 100 for IPv6 process but the interfaces are not yet
enabled for EIGRP IPv6 because the process is shutdown.
Enabling EIGRP for IPv6


<The commands above were already completed>
R1(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100

R1(config-rtr)# router-id ?
A.B.C.D EIGRP Router-ID in IP address format
R1(config-rtr)# router-id 1.1.1.1

R1(config-rtr)# no shutdown
 The EIGRP for IPv6 process must be enabled with the no shutdown
command.
Verifying
R1# show ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Interfaces:
FastEthernet0/0
Serial0/0/0
Serial0/0/1
Redistribution:
None
Maximum path: 16
Distance: internal 90 external 170

 The EIGRP for IPv6 process has been enabled but we don’t have any
neighbors... yet.
Configuring R2



R2(config-rtr)# end
R2#
*Jun 19 22:37:40.668: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IPv6-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor FE80::1
(Serial0/0/0) is up: new adjacency
*Jun 19 22:37:41.248: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#
 Neighbor adjacencies begin for form...
Configuring R3





Configuring R4



Verifying

H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 Link-local address: Se0/0/1 12 00:05:18 40 240 0 16
FE80::3
FE80::2
R1#
 Notice that EIGRP for IPv6 uses link-local addresses to exchange

EIGRP messages.
EIGRP for IPv6 Topology Table
R1# show ipv6 eigrp topology
IPv6-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(1.1.1.1)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4444:0:0:4001::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2684416
via FE80::3 (2684416/2172416), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via FE80::3 (2172416/28160), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2681856
via FE80::3 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/1
via FE80::2 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/0
via FE80::2 (2172416/28160), Serial0/0/0
P 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2681856
via FE80::3 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/1
via Connected, Serial0/0/0
 .
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
IPv6 Routing Table
R1# show ipv6 route
<output omitted>
C 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
L 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/2172416]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/2172416]
<output omitted>
D 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [90/2681856]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::/64 [90/2681856]
D 4444:0:0:4001::/64 [90/2684416]
 Link-local address is next-hop address

Verify
R1# ping 4444:0:0:4001::1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444:0:0:4001::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R1#
R4  R3

H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
FE80::3
FE80::3
R4#
R4’s IPv6 Routing Table
R4# show ipv6 route
D 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [90/21026560]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/21026560]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/2172416]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [90/21536000]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [90/21024000]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [90/21024000]
<output omitted>
 All 2340:1111:AAAA networks are via R3

Summary
address..

R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 2340:1111:AAAA::/48

R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 2340:1111:AAAA::/48
R3# show ipv6 route

D 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [5/28160]
via ::, Null0
<output omitted>
 Summarize all 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 routes to R4

 Null0 route added for summary route
Summary
address..
R4# show ipv6 route
D 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [90/2172416]
C 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
<output omitted>
R4# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1

!!!!!
 Reduced routing table for R4
EIGRP for IPv6: Default Route
Default
Static
Default Route (One method)
R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/0
R4# show ipv6 route
S 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
via ::, Serial0/0/1
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 Propagate an EIGRP ::/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 ::/0 summary route to R1 and
R2
R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 ::/0
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/0

R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/1 Create the default static
route
R3# show ipv6 route
S ::/0 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/1/0
via ::, Serial0/1/1 Verify static route
<output omitted>
Verify Static Route
R1# show ipv6 route
D ::/0 [90/2172416]
C 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
L 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
D 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/2172416]
<output omitted>
R1# ping 4444::1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R1#
OSPFv3
OSPFv2 vs OSPFv3
OSPF OSPFv2 (IPv4) OSPFv3 (IPv6)
Advertises routes for… IPv4 IPv6
Layer 3 protocol IPv4 IPv6
IP Protocol Type 89 89
Source IP address IPv4 address IPv6 link-local
Multicast – all SPF routers 224.0.0.5 FF02::5
Multicast – All Designated routers 224.0.0.6 FF02::6
Uses Link State logic yes yes
Supports VLSM yes yes
RID process, compared to OSPFv2 same same
LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2 same same
Area structure compared to OSPFv2 same same
Packet types same same
OSPFv2 vs OSPFv3
OSPF OSPFv2 (IPv4) OSPFv3 (IPv6)
LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2 same same
RID yes yes
32-bit LSID yes yes
Cost metric, bandwidth yes yes
Supports route tags yes yes
DR/BDR election compared to OSPFv2 yes yes
Periodic re-flooding every… 30 minutes 30 minutes
Authentication OSPF-specific IPv6 AH/ESP
Neighbor checks compared to OSPFv2 same no "same subnet"
check
Multiple instances per interface no yes
OSPFv3
 OSPFv3 is OSPF for IPv6 (RFC 2740):
 Based on OSPFv2, with enhancements
 Same mechanisms as IPv4, but a major rewrite of the internals of the protocol
 Distributes IPv6 prefixes

 Runs directly over IPv6
 OSPFv3 & v2 can be run concurrently, because each address family has a separate SPF
(ships in the night).
 OSPFv3 uses the same basic packet types as OSPFv2:
 Hello
 Database description blocks (DDB)
 Link state request (LSR)
 Link state update (LSU)
 Link state acknowledgement (ACK)
 Neighbor discovery and adjacency formation mechanism are identical.

 LSA flooding and aging mechanisms are identical.
OSPFv3
 OSPFv3 Router ID decision steps based on OSPFv2 configuration:
1. Use the configured value (using the ospf router-id a.b.c.d EIGRP
subcommand under the ipv6 router ospf command)
2. Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface
3. Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface
Note: In an IPv6 only environment the ospf router-id command must be used
otherwise the router will not form any OSPF adjacencies.
 The multicast addresses used by OSPFv3 are as follows:

 FF02::5— All SPF routers on the link-local scope; equivalent to 224.0.0.5 in OSPFv2.
 FF02::6— All designated routers (DRs) on the link-local scope; equivalent to 224.0.0.6 in OSPFv2.
 Removed all EIGRP for IPv6
OSPFv3 (Single Area) commands and IPv6 default
static routes
Default
Static
Configuring R1

R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0


R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1

 Enable OSPF on the interface.

 Create the OSPF process (do not need to do no shutdown)
Configuring R2




Configuring R3





R3(config-rtr)# default-information originate
 Configure static default routes pointing to R4.

 Propagate default into OSPF domain (use always option if there is not a static
default
Cisco Networking configured).
Academy, US/Canada © 2011 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential. 79
Configuring R4

R4# show ipv6 route
S 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
via ::, Serial0/0/1
 Configure static routes on R4.
R3’s OSPFv3 and Static
Routes
R3# show ipv6 route
S ::/0 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/1/1
via ::, Serial0/1/0
O 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [110/782]
O 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [110/782]
O 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [110/845]
<output omitted>
 Static default route and OSPF routes.

R1’s OSPFv3 Routes
R1# show ipv6 route ospf
<output omitted>
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
OE2 ::/0 [110/1], tag 1
O 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [110/65]
O 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [110/65]
O 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [110/128]
R1#
R1# ping 4444::1
!!!!!
R1#
 OSPF routes including default.

Show ipv6 ospf neighbor
R1# show ipv6 ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface ID Interface

3.3.3.3 1 FULL/ - 00:00:38 6 Serial0/0/1
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/ - 00:00:37 6 Serial0/0/0
R1#
 Notice IPv4 Router-IDs.
Show ipv6 ospf
 Similar to OSPFv2
R1# show ipv6 ospf

Routing Process "ospfv3 1" with ID 1.1.1.1
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs
LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x007A8B
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 3
SPF algorithm executed 8 times
Number of LSA 11. Checksum Sum 0x06DDB0
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
Show ipv6 ospf interface
 Link local address of router is shown.
 Used as source address for OSPFv3
packets.
R1# show ipv6 ospf inter ser 0/0/0

Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 6
Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 1.1.1.1
Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:02
Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 2, maximum is 2
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Notes for CCNP Instructors/Students
Router(config)# interface Fa0/0
Stub and Totally Stubby (stub no-
Router(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 51 stub summary) areas configured on
the stub interface
Router(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1 Summarizes area 0’s routes to

Router(config-rtr)# area 0 range 2340:1111::/32 other areas as 2340:1111::/32
(ABR)
Router(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1

Summarizes external routes
Router(config-rtr)# summary-prefix 2001:1111::/32
being redistributed into OSPF
(ASBR)
 IPv4 CEF and dCEF are enabled by default. IPv6 CEF and dCEF are disabled by
default, but automatically enabled when you configure IPv6 routing.
 To enable IPv6 CEF, use the ipv6 cef command
Resources
Resources
• This and other presentations including Packet Tracer exercise
www.cabrillo.edu/~rgraziani
Username = cisco
Password = perlman
• Books
Running IPv6 by Iljitsch van Beijnum
Implementing Cisco IPv6 Networks, by Regis Desmeules
Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE), by Diane Teare
CCNP ROUTE Official Examination Guide, by Wendell Odom
TCPIP Guide, by Charles Kozierok
Special thanks to the following:
• Mark Boolootian, Senior Network Analyst, UCSC
• Jim Warner, Senior Network Analyst, UCSC
• Dave Barnett, Network Manager, SC County Office
of Education
• Kayla Smith, Network Engineer, Mendel Bio
• Jonathan Simms, Cisco Systems
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Introduction To Routing Ipv6: Rick Graziani

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Introduction to Routing IPv6

Field’s Name Kept from IPv4 to IPv6

 Many important differences including:

One Hex digit

 128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in:

ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005

 IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length).

 All zeroes IPv6 address can be written with a double colon ::

 Equivalent to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4

 Loopback or Local Host Address

 In IPv6, a link is a network medium over which network nodes

Determined from Neighbor Discovery Router

 Routed globally with no modification

 Link Local Unicast

 Unlike IPv4, there is no IPv6 broadcast address.

2000::/3 Global Unicast No equivalent single block

Whois servers of the RIRs listed in the

fe80::/10 Link-Local Addresses 169.254.0.0/16

Link-local addresses may appear as the

Routers must not forward IPv6 packets

 A typical IPv6 site prefix will be /48

 4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1:

 Exactly the same as IPv4 routing protocols only different.

Using /64’s on Point-to-

2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0103::/64 4444:0000:0000:4001::/64

 ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command

 Note: We will not be discussing RIPng (RIP for IPv6)

R1# show ip inter brief

FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES unset up up

Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES unset up up

R1# show ipv6 inter brief

Type escape sequence to abort.

Type escape sequence to abort.

 Scope is confined to a single link.

R1# show ipv6 inter fa 0/0

48 bit MAC Address: 001b.0cc2.82d8

link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8

R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0

R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1

R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0

R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1

R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0

R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1

R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/1

 So it is necessary to specify from which interface packets should be

IPv6-Router# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1

IPv6-Router# show ipv6 neighbors

 Types of static routes (same as IPv4)

 A floating static route

 IPv6 default static route, which is equivalent to IPv4 ip route 0.0.0.0

R1# show ipv6 route

R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::1

R2# show ipv6 route

R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1

R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 fe80::1

R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1

R2# show ipv6 route

R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1

Type escape sequence to abort.

 Remember, due to the nature of link-local addresses, specific link-local

R2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1

 Before we move on to dynamic routing remove all static routes