ABORTION : Abortion (miscarriage )

means the premature expulsion of the

foetus from the mother’s womb at
any time of pregnancy , before full
term of pregnancy is completed .
Classification :
1) Natural : A) spontaneous . B) Accidental .
2) Artificial : A) justifiable . B) criminal .
 Natural abortion
• *Abortion may occur at any time due to
natural causes . Abortion occurs in 10 to 15 %
of all pregnancies and is most common about
the 2nd or 3rd month .
• * Causes of natural abortion :
• 1) defect in the ova , including cromosomal
defect .
• 2) developmental defect of the (common
cause).
• 3) low implantation of zygote .
4) Disease of decidua or placenta .
5) Rh incompatibility .
6) retroverted uterus .
• 7) submucous uterine fibroid .
• 8) malformed uterus .
• 9) uterine hypoplasia .
• 10) hypertension .
• 11) diabetes mellitus .
• 12) hormonal deficiency .
• 13) sudden shock , emotional disturbances .
• 14) syphilis .
• 15 ) nephritis .
• 16 ) arsenic or lead toxicity .
• 17) drug toxicity .