Indian Freedom Struggle

Introduction
A timeline of the Indian
freedom struggle from
1919 to 1947
 13th April 1919: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre At Amritsar

 General Dyer, the British military commander of Amritsar, had

banned all public meetings and processions in Amritsar.

 Men, woman and children in large numbers assembled peacefully ,

without weapons, at Jallianwala Bagh, to show that they were not
happy with the arrest of two local leaders.

 General Dyer opened fire on the unarmed people who had

assembled after closing the only exit. Thousands were killed and
wounded, including children.

 Rabindranath Tagore gave up his knighthood in protest of this act.

 1919: Rowlatt Act
 The Rowlatt Act was an unfair law that gave power to the
British to imprison people without trial and conviction in
a court. The court was not allowed to decide whether the
arrest was right or in accordance with the law. The
passing of the Act led to the following events.

 The British arrested many leaders all over India.

 It controlled the Indian press which was used to spread

ideas on gaining freedom from the British.

 Mahatma Gandhi called for a satyagraha.

 1920-1922: Non-Cooperation Movement
 Mahatma Gandhi started this non-violent movement to bring the British
government to a halt.

 People did not pay taxes, wore clothes made with Indian cloth,
boycotted law courts and legislature, and refused to go or send their
children to British schools and collages.

 The governor General to harsh measure to stop the movement;

thousands of people were arrested.

 On 5 February 1922, some people set ablaze a police chowki at chauri

chaura n Uttar Pradesh in which 22 police man died Mahatma Gandhi
took responsibility for this violent act and called of the non-cooperation
movement.

 Mahatma Gandhi and thousands of people were arrested.

 1922 Onwards: Spread of Armed Revolution
by Indians
 Many freedom fighters such as Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru
B.K. Dutt inspired people to fight against the British unlike Mahatma Gandhi, they
did not believe in peaceful or non-violent method and took up arms in order to
fight against the British rule. They were put death by the British for defying the
laws and taking up arms against them. People remember their brave acts even
today.
 1930: Civil Disobedience Movement
 Achieving complete independence or Purna Swaraj from British rule was
adopted as a goal.

 With the historic salt satyagraha on 6 April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi began the
civil disobedience movement.

 Mahatma Gandhi marched from Sabarmati ashram in Gujarat to Dandi Coast

with 78 followers and broke the salt law by making salt only the British could
make salt in those days.

 Thousands of men and women all over the country participated by making
salt; the government arrested many, including Mahatma Gandhi.
 1939-1945: World War II
 World War II broke out in 1939 . Britain took part in the war against
Germany, Italy and Japan.

 Once again, Indian people and resources were used to fight the war.

 Indian leaders demanded that the power to rule themselves be transferred

to the Indian during the war and complete the independence be granted
after the war.
 At the end of the war the British did not grant the freedom to the people
of India.
 Subhas Chandra Bose organized the Indian National Army ( Azad Hind
Fauj) to fight for Indian independence. He Escaped from the country and
went to Russia, from there to Germany, and finally to Japan. But he could
never to return India. It is believed that subhas Chandra Bose was killed in a
plane crash.
 1942: Quit India Movement
 Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement on 8 August 1942 to achieve
complete independence for India.

 A large number of leaders and common people were arrested by the British and
imprisoned.
 July 1947: Indian Independence Act
 The British realised that they could no longer rule over India. The Indian
independence Act was passed in 1947 India became free, but two nations-
India and Pakistan- were created by this act.
Thank You
Aarush Sinha
5th –A
4
Ryan International School