Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Measuring Tools

Tape Measure
Plastic or metal case, appropriate for
general scenic measuring

Tri/Try Square
Used as a guide for measuring and marking
90-degree angles

Combination Square
Used for marking 45- and 90-degree
angles

Bevel Protractor
Adjustable and used for marking 0 to
90-degree angles
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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Measuring Tools

Framing Square
Used for checking accuracy of 90-degree
corner joints in flat construction

Bevel Set
Used for transferring angles from one
piece of work to another

Carpenter’s Level
Used to determine true horizontal and
vertical angles
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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Marking Tools

Marking gauge, also known as a
scratch gauge
Used in woodworking and metalworking
to mark out lines for cutting or other
operations
Scribe
“Scratch awl”. Used to scribe a line to be
followed by a hand saw or chisel

Chalk line
Used to mark straight lines on relatively flat
surfaces

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Hammers

Claw Hammer
Designed for inserting and removing
nails

Rip Hammer
Can be used for prying or ripping
apart previously nailed wood

Ball Peen Hammer

Used for bending and shaping metal

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Hammers

Mallet Hammer
Wooden, plastic, or metal head, used
for driving chisels

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Cutting Tools

Saws
Crosscut Saw
Used to cut across the grain of wood

Rip Saw
Designed to cut parallel with the grain
of the wood

Backsaw and Miter Box

Fine-toothed crosscut saw, used with
the miter box for more accurate cuts.
Also used for cutting dovetails and
tenons cutting.

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 Mitre box
Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

• Crosscut teeth are designed for cutting across

the grain of wood. ... Rip teeth do not have an
angled edge, which means they work more like
little chisels, scraping the wood away rather than
slicing through it. Rip teeth are designed for
cutting along or with the grain.

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Cutting Tools

Saws
Keyhole Saw
Used for making curvilinear cuts in stock
lumber and also, small openings and
keyholes

Coping Saw
Used for making fine, curvilinear cuts in
thin plywood

Hacksaw
Adjustable frame saw for cutting metal

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Cutting Tools

Firmer chisel
The firmer chisel is driven into the wood
by the hand,
Firmer chisel is used for clean finishing of
corners, dovetail and chamfering,

Mortise chisel
Mortise chisel must be driven in with a
mallet hammer.
Mortise chisel used for cutting shallow and
medium-depth mortise and blind slots

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Cutting Tools

Planes
Block Plane
Used to smooth the ends (across the
grain) of boards

Smoothing Plane
Applied parallel to the grain of the
wood

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials
scrub plane
• The scrub plane is a type of plane used
to remove large amounts of wood
• Is the first stages of preparing rough stock,
or when reducing the thickness of a board
significantly

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 jack plane
Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

• A jack plane is around 360 mm long,

continues the job of roughing out, but with
more accuracy and flattening capability
than the scrub.

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials
jointer plane
• A jointer plane is between 460 to 610 mm
long, and is used for jointing (straighten
the edges of boards) and final flattening
out of boards.

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials
smoothing Plane
• A smoothing plane, is 250 mm long,
used to begin preparing the surface for
finishing. When used properly, the finish it
gives will be far superior to that made by
sandpaper or scrapers.

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Cutting Tools

Planes
Spoke Shave
Pulled across the surface of the work
and used to soften or round sharp
edges

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Hand Tools: Cutting Tools

Files

Wood Rasp
Used for rough shaping of wood

Wood File
Used for smoothing wooden and plastic
surfaces

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Hand Tools: Drilling Tools

Hand Drill
Used for making small-diameter holes in
wood

Brace
Used for holes larger than ¼ inch in
diameter

Push Drill
Designed for light usage, it can be useful
for making starter holes

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Hand Tools: Drilling Tools

Bits
Twist-Drill Bits
Designed for use with either wood or metal

Wood Bits
Designed for use in wood or soft plastic,
used with power hand drills or drill
presses

Auger Bits
Used with the brace for cutting holes in
wood

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 Chapter 8: Tools and Materials

Hand Tools: Clamping Tools

Carpenter’s Vice
Attached to the edge of a workbench, used
for holding wood

Machinist’s Vice
Used to clamp and hold metal

Adjustable Wood Clamp

Used in furniture construction

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