G.

Thirivigirama Abhishek
(BRAKES)
CALIPERS
FIXED AND FLOATING CALLIPER
.
*
 CALIPER MOUNT
The position of the mounting bolts determines if the brakes are
radial or axial.

Axial mount; Axial calipers are clamped on the fork by bolts that run
perpendicular to the disc or parallel to the wheel axle

Disadvantages ;
*Perpendicular mounting bolts on a sliding caliper leads to more
torsional flex during heavy braking which leads to less feel and
feedback through the levers.

* braking force is only applied from one end leads to uneven wear
and disc-to-pad contact
 CALIPER
POSITIONING
Single Piston Caliper Dual Piston Caliper

In Single Piston Caliper, the footprint of pad is A larger pad will absorb more initial heat (less
limited in some ways to the diameter of the thermal shock).
piston.

If the pad is too long, it flexes. When the pad flexes, A larger brake pad will have better wear
it creates an uneven friction coupling on the rotor’s characteristics and a longer life due to even pressure CO
face. distribution MP
ARI
SO
The uneven friction can create unwanted noise and A larger pad is able to absorb more unwanted noise
N
more vibration. and vibration because it is able to cover more
surface of the rotor.

If the flexing is sever enough, the friction material Another advantage is the retraction time. With dual-
can separate from the backing plate. pistons, it is possible to have more aggressive piston
seals that can pull back the pads more effectively
after the driver removes his foot from the brake pedal.
PARAMETERS:
 Weight of the kerb = 110 kg
 Driver weight = 70 kg
 Gross Vehicle Weight = 180 kg
 Tire diameter = 279.4 mm
 Co-efficient of friction between road and tire in Static Condition = μ1= 1.8
 Co-efficient of friction between road and tire in Kinetic Condition = μ1= 1.0
 Co-efficient of friction between pad and rotor = μ2= 0.42
 Wheel-base = 1019.048 mm or 40.12 in
 Height of centre of gravity = 317.5 mm
 Master-cylinder bore diameter = 19.05 mm
 Area of Master Cylinder = 285.022 mm2
 Calliper bore diameter = 32 mm
 Area of Calliper = 804.24mm2
 Force on brake pedal =40kg or 392.4 N
 Pedal ratio = 6:1
 Initial Velocity of Kart(u) = 13.88 m/s
 Reaction Time(𝑡𝑟) = 0.35 s
1. FORCE OUTPUT BY PEDAL:
= force on pedal x pedal ratio
= 392.4 X 6 N
= 2354.4 N

2. Pressure on m.c:
= 2354.4 N
Pressure on master cylinder = force on master cylinder/ area of master cylinder
= 2354.4 / 285.022
=8.26 N/mm2

3. Clamping force:
= 8.26 N/mm2
Clamping force = pressure on caliper X area of caliper X no of pistons
= 8.26 X 804.24 X 2
= 13286.044 N
4. BRAKE TORQUE:
= Clamping force X μ2 X effective radius
= 13286.04 x 0.42 x 75
= 418510.26 Nmm
= 418.51 Nm

5. FRICTIONAL FORCE ON WHEEL:

= Brake torque/wheel radius
= 418.51 / (0.1397) = 2995.77 N
6. DECELERATION:
7. STOPPING DISTANCE:

X= 23.31m

8. STOPPING TIME:

t= 3.010 sec