Basic concepts

on DRR

Cara Galla
DRRM Advisor
 Where are we?

Disaster landscape Basic DRR concepts

Link between disability and

Disability concepts disasters
Why do we need to learn about basic DRR concepts?

• To learn key concepts that are needed to understand and analyze the
Philippine disaster risk

• To be able to relate these key concepts to how some groups or

persons have higher risks than others
What are hazards?
 Hazards

Anything that has the potential to cause harm to people, property or

the environment
Exercise
 Identifying hazards

office household barangay Philippines

Examples of hazards
 Types of Hazards

Natural:
typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruption, tsunami, storm surge

Human-made:
fire, pollution, oil spill, man induced hazards (flooding, landslides),
global warming

Combination or socio-natural hazards: floods, droughts, landslide

What is a risk?
 Risk

The potential that a hazard will cause harm or damage to people,

property or the environment
Looking at the drawing what is the hazard and
what is the risk?
What is a disaster?
 Disaster

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a

society on a wide scale due to hazardous events interacting with
conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity leading to the
following – human material, economic and environmental
impacts
Is this a disaster?
Example of disasters
Ginsaugon Leyte, February 2016
Ondoy, Manila in 2009
ST Yolanda, Tacloban, in 2013
What is a disaster risk?
 Disaster risk

Is the probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths,

injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or
environment damaged) resulting from exposure to hazards or
interactions between natural or human induced hazards, the
vulnerability conditions and the capacities of the group concerned.

Disaster Risk = Potential Hazard x (+) Exposure x (+) Vulnerability

Capacity
Identifying the disaster risk

• Disast
er
What is vulnerability?
 Vulnerability

The conditions (determined by physical, social, economic and

environmental factors or processes), which increase the susceptibility
of a community to the impact of hazards or adversely affect the
community’s ability to prevent, mitigate, prepare for or respond to
hazard events

Answers the question why are you prone to the hazard? Example: why
is Capiz Province prone to flooding? The answer is the vulnerability.
 Exercise
Cite other examples of vulnerability
 Example

V U LN E R A B I L I T Y
Attitude of helplessness Conflict in the
dependence and Unsafe housing design
Community
indifference and construction

Lack of Education
Lack of knowledge and Lack of settlements
skills on preparedness and planning and policy
protective measures

Social Inequity and Poverty

What is exposure?
 Exposure

The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities

and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas. 

The degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard
events of different magnitude.
What is capacity?
 Capacity

A combination of all the strength and resources available within a

community, society or organization that can help reduce the level of
risks or the effects of a disaster
 Exercise
Cite other examples showing capacity
 Examples

C A PA C I T Y
Permanent Housing Family and Responsive local
community support government

Adequate food and Local knowledge and Strong community

income sources skills organizations

Ownership of Land
What is resilience?
 Resilience

Is the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to

resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of the
hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the
preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and
functions
 DRR vs. DRRM
Disaster Risk reduction (DRR)
“The concept and practice of minimizing vulnerabilities and disaster risks
throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and
preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of
sustainable development.” (UNISDR)

DRRM
Prospective DRRM refers to risk reduction & management activities (using
administrative directives, organizations & operational skills) that address
& seek to avoid the development of new or increased disaster risks,
especially if risk reduction policies are not put in place (DRRM Act of 2010)
DRRM
• Systematic process of using
administrative directives, organizations,
and operational skills and capacities to
implement strategies, policies and
improved coping capacities in order to
lessen the adverse impacts of hazards
and the possibility of disaster
(RA 10121)
 Policies, ordinances, laws Contingency planning
Risk assessment EWS, evacuation plan
DRRM planning Trainings, drills, simulation
Pre-disaster
Dredging, cleanup Inventory, stockpiling
Infrastructure Public awareness
Prevention Preparedness
and
Mitigation

Response Recovery and

Rehabilitation
Medical services
Psychosocial support
During / Post-disaster Relocation
Alternative livelihood
Structural retrofitting
Temporary shelter
Sustainable livelihood
Relief Delivery Operations
Infrastructure rehabilitation
Prevention and Mitigation
Structural

Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

 Non-Structural

Public Safety measures Legislation Economic Mitigation

LOG BAN

Policy study & Advocacy

Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

 Let’s study our
Preparedness disaster situation

Community Vulnerability, Capacity and

Adaptation Assessment

Public Awareness and Early

Warning

Contingency Plan (per hazard), Training and education,

and drills
Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness
 Preparedness

Strengthening organization and inter-agency arrangements

Barangay
Food & water Tulong-tulong
committee

Barangay
DRRM Medical & sanitation
Logistics
committee
Committee committee

Logistics support Networking

committee

and stockpile Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

 Disaster Response

• Rapid Damage
Plan International Photo Assessment and Needs
Analysis (RDANA)
Plan International Photo

Plan International Photo

OCD Photo

• Setting up of Emergency • Search and Rescue

Operations Center
Sources of Photos Plan International, Office of Civil Defense
 Disaster Response
Repair of damaged facilities

Photos courtesy of Plan International Typhoon Frank 2008

 Disaster Response

• Psycho-social counseling (comforting, critical stress

debriefing, prayers)

Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

Rehabilitation and Recovery

Repair of physical damage and community

facilities, revival of economic activities and
improvement of DRRM mechanism

Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

Film viewing: Ondoy and Yolanda
Processing
Climate Change
The New Normal
Exercise: What are the effects of climate
change?
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

1940

2004
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
 EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Source of Images: http://www.philstar.com/headlines/622449/alert-new-typhoon, http://climatedesk.org/2012/07/americas-corn-farmers-high-and-dry-as-hope-withers-with-their-harvest/

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
 EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Sources of Images: http://www.dmc.gov.lk/hazard/hazard/Report.html, http://centerforoceansolutions.org/climate/impacts/cumulative-impacts/coastal-erosion

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
 Exercise

1. What actions will you do to decrease your carbon foot

print? At home and at work?

2. In your community, what do you suggest in DRR so

that at-risk persons no longer remain vulnerable to
disaster risks?
Presentation of output
Synthesis
Thank you!