Iron pipe size Older pipe sizing system still in use by some industries, including

  PVC pipe manufacturers.

Slip fittings Slip fittings require a male component with a particular outside
diameter to be joined with a female component with a similarly sized
inside diameter either by solvent, glue, or, when using copper
components, soldering.
Couplings Couplings are designed to join two pipes of equal diameter. Couplings
can be slip-to-slip or female thread to female thread.

Bushings This fitting allows a pipe or fitting to be reduced to a smaller size and
are made to be inserted into a pipe, inside slip, or female thread.

Adapters Similar to bushings, adapters are used to convert pipes and fittings from
one size to another. Unlike bushings, adapters can allow for conversion
in some cases, one piping material type to another.
Elbows Elbows normally create a 90° or 45° change in direction of a piping
system.. PVC and Copper female slip-to-male slip elbows are referred
to as street elbows and they are used for close turns and swivel to fit
connections.
Tees Tees connect pipes at 90-degree angles divide the flow of a single line into two or
more. Tees can also be used to reduce the size of a branch feeding off of a main
line. Tees are normally fitted with female threads in each direction.

Plugs Plugs are male thread or male slip and designed to seal off unused plumbing system
branches or unused component outlets.

Caps Caps, like plugs, are designed to seal off unused plumbing system branches or unused
component outlets, but have female slip fittings or threads.

Sanitary  Sanitary Tees should be used when connecting a horizontal run, such as a waste arm to
tees a vent stack or vertical riser. They are only used to go from the horizontal to vertical
plane.

Wyes Wyes are Y-shaped fittings that allow one pipe to be joined to another at a 45-degree
angle. Wyes are not used in water supply systems, but are common in DWV systems
where hard turns slow the flow of waste.

Tee Tee-Wyes are similar to standard wyes but provide an additional 45-degree branch.
wyes