MMU 3780

2021

PLANE GEOMETRY

L. N. Shifula-Dama
 PLANE GEOMETRY
 Plane geometry is about flat/plane shapes (figures) like
triangle, circle, rectangle, square, kite, trapezium, etc.
 Plane shapes (figures) have 2 dimensions.
 Two plane figures/shapes are similar if:
1. Their corresponding angles are equal
2. Their corresponding sides are in the same proportion
 Similar figures have exactly the same shape.
EXAMPLES OF SIMILAR FIGURES
EXAMPLES OF SIMILAR FIGURES
EXAMPLES OF SIMILAR FIGURES
SIMILAR FIGURES
SIMILAR FIGURES
CONGRUENT FIGURES
CONGRUENT FIGURES
CONGRUENT FIGURES
CONGRUENT FIGURES
CONGRUENT FIGURES
2-D SHAPES
 Plane Shapes (2-D)

kite

trapezium, etc.
QUADRILATERALS
 POLYGONS
 poly = many
 gons = angles
 Using this definition of a polygon, we see that the circle is not a polygon.

 Polygons are named according to the number of sides or angles that they
have.
 A polygon has the same number of sides as it has angles.
 Regular polygons: All the sides have the same length and all the
angles are equal in size.
 Irregular polygons: If a polygon is not regular, it is called an
irregular polygon.
 POLYGONS
Number of sides/angles Name of polygon
3 Triangle
4 Quadrilateral
5 Pentagon
6 Hexagon
7 Heptagon
8 Octagon
9 Nonagon
 GEOMETRY (3-D shapes)
Three-dimensional shape can be defined as a solid figure or an object or
shape that has three dimensions – length, width and height.
E.g. cube, cuboid, cylinder, square-based pyramid, triangular prism, cone, etc.

These shapes have 3 dimensions.

3-D SHAPES
 NETS OF 3-D SHAPES
 A shape which can be open up and folded to make the outside
surface of a 3-D shape is called a net of the 3-D shape (solid).
CARTESIAN PLANE
CARTESIAN PLANE
CARTESIAN PLANE
 TRANSFORMATIONS
 Transformation is a movement that changes the position and/or shape and/or
size of an object.
1. Rotation
2. Translation
3. Reflection
4. Tessellations
 Rotation – centre of rotation and direction (clockwise or anti-clockwise)
 Translation - vectors (x and y)
 Reflection – line of reflection (x-axis or y-axis)
 Tessellation - an arrangement of shapes closely fitted together, especially of
polygons in a repeated pattern without gaps or overlapping.
 TRANSFORMATIONS
 Rotations (angle of rotation & direction)
 Translations (vectors)
 Reflections (x-axis or y-axis)
 Tessellations - a repeated pattern or arrangement of 2d shapes that
can fill any 2d space with no gaps or overlapping edges.
TRANSFORMATIONS
Rotation
Rotation
Rotation
Translation
Translation
Translation
Translation
Translation
Reflection
Reflection
Reflection
Reflection
Reflection
Reflection
 TRANSFORMATION
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follows

(a) Draw the reflection of Triangle A in the x-axis and label the new diagram ‘B’.

(b) Write down the co-ordinates of Triangle B.

TESSELLATIONS
TESSELLATIONS
TESSELLATIONS
 PYTHAGORAS' THEOREM

Take Note:
1. c is the longest side of the triangle
2. a and b are the other two sides

Example: a 2 + b2 = c 2
92 + b2 = 152
81 + b2 = 225
Subtract 81 from both sides:
b2 = 144
b = √144
b = 12
 THE END 

THANK YOU!!!

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